Ratio Of Retained Earnings Research Articles

An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Capital Structure and Firm Performance: A Case Study of Listed Manufacturing Enterprises in Hebei Province

The financial data of Hebei Province's listed manufacturing enterprises from 2013 to 2022 is used in this paper to build a multiple linear regression model, and two-way fixed effect regression is used to examine the relationship between capital structure and corporate performance of these enterprises. The findings indicate that the retained earnings ratio and the gearing ratio of Hebei Province's listed manufacturing enterprises have a significant positive correlation with corporate performance, while the current liability ratio and the current liability ratio have a positive correlation. Based on this, this paper proposes two methods to maintain a reasonable asset-liability ratio and current liability ratio, optimize the capital structure of listed manufacturing enterprises in Hebei Province, and raise the enterprise's own capital as well as the ratio of retained earnings in profit distribution.

Earnings quality determinants in the Jordanian service sector (The financial crisis during Corona crisis)

This study examined the impact of financial ratios, represented by liquidity, retained earnings ratio, profitability ratio, debt ratio, and total assets turnover, on earnin gs quality. This study involved 45 service companies registered between 2014 and 2020. Purposive sampling was used for 41 firms and 287 analytical units. Descriptive statistics and moderated regression were used. The findings showed that financial ratios affect the quality of earnings. Governance strategies can affect earnings quality along with financial ratios. The result of this study recommended that future researchers use a combination of methods to check the financial statement data. In addition, this study suggested that to get managers to smooth out their earnings; managers should have more control over financial ratios.

Political connections, financing decisions and cash holdings: empirical evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between political connections, financing decisions and cash holding.Design/methodology/approachBased on historical data from 181 active non-financial firms listed on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Stock Exchange Markets during the period of 2009–2016, this study uses ordinary least squares and dynamic system-generalized method of moments to test the research hypotheses. The final data set comprises a total of 1,448 firm-year observations from ten major non-financial industry classifications.FindingsThis study finds a positive relationship between political connections and each of internal financing proxied by retained earnings ratio and external financing proxied by short- and long-term debt to total asset. The findings also show a positive relationship between political connections and cash holding.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study provide a better understanding of the role of politically connected directors in financing decisions and cash holding in the GCC. Investors can consider the presence of royal family members in the board of directors when making investment decision. Policymakers are encouraged to develop more effective policies that encourage listed firms to provide information on the political positions of the board of directors, managers and major shareholders/owners of companies.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between political connections and financing decisions by focusing on the GCC region. This study also highlights that boards in connected firms in the GCC have lower monitoring role owing to political interventions, and that connected firms face higher agency problems as they have weak governance and boards compared with non-connected firms.

Assessing the financial condition and accounts receivable risk among US farmer cooperatives

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the financial condition and ability of farmer cooperatives to withstand significant increases in bad debt expense.Design/methodology/approachA unique data set of farmer cooperative financial statements that spans from 1996 to 2019 is used to examine the changes in profitability, solvency, liquidity and accounts receivable risk. Also, a deterministic stress test model is designed to shock bad debt expense and the resulting write-off of accounts receivable for farmer cooperatives. The stress test provides insights to the resiliency of farmer cooperatives.FindingsResults find that farmer cooperatives are in a strong financial position, which has improved over time. The majority of farmer cooperatives are able to absorb a substantial increase in bad debt expense because of their sizable, retained earnings position. However, cooperatives that have significant profitability challenges do experience much larger losses, especially mixed farmer cooperatives (roughly equally amounts of grain and farm supply sales) and large cooperatives with more than $500 million in sales.Practical implicationsThe stress test results suggest farmer cooperative managers and boards of directors could re-examine their credit policies and consider extending additional credit. Also, cooperatives should consider monitoring and identifying an optimal accounts receivable to retained earnings ratio, which is similar to how banks examine their tier 1 capital ratios.Originality/valueThe value of this study is having data that allows for the examination of the financial condition of farmer cooperatives over time. Also, having current data means the accounts receivable stress test results are more relevant and timelier. This is important because these accounts receivable are primarily tied to crop input supplies, and farmer cooperatives are a significant market participant in the crop input supply market.

Analysis Of Financial Health Level On Financial Performance In Cement Companies Listed On The Indonesian Stock Exchange (Idx)

This study aims to analyze the Level of Financial Soundness on Financial Performance in Cement Companies that are Go Public Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). Analysis of the level of financial health using the Altman Z-Score with several ratios, namely the ratio of Working Capital to Total Assets (X1), the ratio of retained earnings to total assets (X2), the ratio of EBIT to Total Assets (X3), the ratio of stock market value to book value ofabilities (X4), the ratio of Sales to Total Assets (X5) to the dependent variable on Financial Performance (Return on Assets). The data analysis technique used in this research is the Altman Z-Score with the criteria for bankruptcy and to find its effect with the panel data regression model assisted by E-Views software. The results of the calculation and analysis of the Z-Score criteria in cement companies in Indonesia, it is known that there is no cement company whose company finances are stated in a healthy condition. One company is prone to bankruptcy (gray zone) while the rest according to the Z-Score criteria are bankrupt. Furthermore, based on the panel data regression examiner simultaneously the five independent variables on financial performance (Y), while partially the working capital ratio to total assets (X1) affects financial performance (Y), the retained earnings ratio to total assets (X2) has no effect on Financial performance (Y), EBIT ratio to total assets (X3) affects financial performance (Y), stock market value ratio to book value of liabilities (X4) has no effect on financial performance (Y), Sales to Total Assets ratio (X5) affect financial performance.

Capital Structure and the Value of Quoted Firms in Nigeria: A Test of Miller and Modigliani Irrelevant Hypothesis

This study tested an insignificant hypothesis of the capital structure of Miller and Modiglian in Nigeria. The aim was to investigate the validity of the irrelevant hypothesis. The Tobins Q market value measure was modeled as a function of debt-to-equity ratio, long-term debt to equity ratio, and retained earnings ratio. Twenty companies were selected on the basis of the information needed to conduct the survey and the availability of annual financial reports for the ten-year period 2008-2017. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the annual accounts and annual reports of the companies. Random effects were used in the analysis of fixed and random effects. The study showed that 77% volatility in market value can be predicted by the variation of independent variables in the regression model. The beta coefficient of the variables found that the debt-to-equity ratio, the long-term debt-to-equity ratio, the capital-to-earnings ratio is positively and significantly related to the market value of the selected listed companies. The study concludes that capital structure is relevant, unlike Miller's and Modiglian's irrelevant hypothesis. Therefore, it is recommended that managers ensure an adequate combination of capital and debt.

Stuktur Modal, Kinerja Perusahaan, dan Altman Z-Score Pengaruhnya Terhadap Ekspektasi Investor

This study analyzes the influence of capital structure policy, Z Score company's performance against investor expectations. The study was conducted on the banking industry that went public on the IDX, the 2013-2014 research period. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The sample of research is 27 banks. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of capital structure policy, firm performance and Z Score proxy with Working Capital to Total Assets ratio, Retained Earnings Ratio to Total Assets, Ratio Earning Before Interest and Tax to Total Assets, Market Value of Equity to Book Value of Ratio Total Liability, the ratio of Sales to Total Assets to investor expectations in national banking. Analysis techniques used multiple linear regression. The research results show the policy of capital structure, company performance, Working Capital to Total Assets ratio, Retained Earnings Ratio to Total Assets, Market Value of Equity to Book Value of Total Liability ratio to investor's expectation. As for Z-score for Ratio Earning Before Interest and Tax to Total Assets and Sales to Total Assets ratio does not affect investors' expectations on national banking. DOI : https://doi.org/10.26905/afr.v1i1.2285

Analisis Model Prediksi Kebangkrutan Industri Garmen dengan Menggunakan Metode Altman Z- Score

Abstract— PT. Eastern Modern Apparel is engaged in garment production. The company has experienced financial constraints. This is marked by the dismissal of some employees. Research is done to determine the prediction of bankruptcy of the company. Methodology that has been done in this research are conducting interviews with the company, field study, financial data retrieval. The step is done to meet the data needs in the next step. The next step is data processing using Altman Z-Score method. Processing consists of X1 = Working Capital Ratio against Total Assets, X2 = Retained Earnings Ratio against Total Assets, X3 = EBIT Ratio against Total Assets, X4 = Market Equity Value Threshold on Book Value of Debt. X5 = Sales to Total Assets. Processed data is in the period 2014, 2015, and 2016. The process produces Z-Score value for each period. Z-Score calculation results in the period 2014 = 3.91, 2015 = 3.19, and 2016 = 2.83. While the limits of healthy company according to calculations Almant Z-Score of> 2.675. Then the results of Altman Z-Score calculations on the company is said to be healthy, because the results exceed the limits of the healthy category. However there is a decrease of each period.Keywords: Corporate Financial Performance, Altman Z-Score, Healthy Company

THE INTERNAL FINANCING OF CORPORATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1946-54*

s of Doctoral Dissertations 91 analysis supports the view that previous dividend payments and current income are the two factors most influential in determining the level of retained earnings and of the retained-earnings ratio. Evidence is inconclusive, however, concerning the effect of expansion programs upon decisions to distribute or retain income. The results of this analysis have a bearing upon several significant questions. One of these concerns the adequacy of outlets for the investment of personal savings. Inasmuch as the analysis points to the conclusion that, during periods of prosperity, United States corporations absorb only a relatively small part of personal savings, it is clear that such savings must find investment outlets elsewhere, for example, in the field of residential housing construction, if high levels of income and employment are to be maintained. Other relevant questions touched upon by the study are those pertaining to the alleged dearth of equity capital, the role of market forces in allocating capital resources, and the efficacy of interest-rate policy in influencing the level of investment. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.246 on Tue, 27 Sep 2016 05:43:31 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms