RETScreen Expert Research Articles

Comprehensive Analysis of 100 MW Wind Farm Losses and Their Financial Impacts: A Study on Array Losses Across Multiple Turbines Using a RETScreen Expert Software

Abstract This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the influence of array losses on the financial sustainability and economic viability of wind farm projects with a capacity of 100 MW. The Al-Fajer site has been proposed for a feasibility study to assess the viability of building an onshore wind farm. The assessment of investment costs was conducted using the RETScreen program. The findings demonstrated that alterations in array losses impact the amount of energy exported to the grid, influencing changes in revenue, pre-tax internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV). When array losses in (case 1) decrease by 2%, that will positively impact financial feasibility factors. Therefore, it will lead to a gain in income for all turbines; the net present value (NPV) and pre-tax internal rate of return (IRR) values experienced an increase, indicating a positive impact on the project’s profitability. When array losses in (case 2) increase by 2%, it will lead to negative results on the wind farm and, thus, reduce the energy exported to the grid; wind turbine revenue will experience a decline. This increase substantially affects the NPV and IRR, leading to decreases. The capacity factor experienced a drop, resulting in significant changes to the project’s financial returns. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) has increased due to decreased production, leading to higher prices. The simple payback likewise experienced a boost beyond its usual norms.

Analysis of Energy Performance Indicators Based on ISO 50001-2018 in Shopping Centers Using RETScreen Expert

The ISO 50001 energy management system has been implemented by many organizations around the world, including in Indonesia. The purpose of this application is to sustainably improve energy performance to reduce energy consumption and energy costs. In determining the measurement of energy performance improvement, energy performance indicators and energy baseline are used. This study will analyze the energy performance indicators obtained from the energy audit results of one shopping center in Indonesia using RETScreen Expert software. Multiple linear regression is used to develop the energy baseline equation and examine the relationship between energy consumption and significantly influencing variables, such as Service Usage (person) and Cooling Degree Days (CDD). This baseline equation will be used to monitor energy performance after energy performance improvement measures are taken. From the results of this equation, the predicted value of energy consumption in 2023 after improving energy performance in 2022 is 7,014,081 kWh then from the actual measurement results obtained energy consumption value of 6,113,632 kWh the results of the calculation of energy savings obtained from the energy baseline equation using RETScreen Expert software is 900,449 kWh / year.

Solar energy generation from residential buildings, transition of the energy sector from fossils to carbon-free energy and meeting UN SDG

Purpose This study aims to focus on the transition of Kosovo’s energy generation sector from fossil fuels (94%), to renewable sources. The installation of 10 kW photovoltaic (PV) panels in individual houses will mitigate CO2 emissions from electrical energy generation and contribute meeting the sustainable development goals (SDGs; 7, 11 and 13) set by United Nations General Assembly. This study case is based on the installation of PV panels on the roofs, and where possible on the facades of the private residential buildings in seven, the most populated towns of Kosovo (Prishtina, Prizren, Mitrovica, Peja, Gjakova, Ferizaj and Gjilan). Design/methodology/approach This study used the data, in regard to direct normal irradiation, altitude, coordinates, PV system configurations, specific PV power output and optimum tilt of PV panels specific for the selected locations,retrieved from Global Solar Atlas, which is a web-based-tool, as provided by “Solargis,”a company that provides online and commercial solar data resources, selected by The World Bank and the International Finance Corporation. The second software was RETScreen Expert, which is more sophisticated and allows input of more variables with regard to the proposed 10 kW PV system. With the use of RETScreen Expert software, the financial viability of the project, the equity payback period, and the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to the base case were assessed. Based on the gained data, the feasibility and outcome of the study case were assessed in terms of power generation, cost and comparison with the present PV installed capacities in Kosovo. Findings Small-scale solar energy generated from individual buildings can make great impact of country’s policies toward lowering CO2 emission as one most influential greenhouse gas in rising average global temperature, improving air quality in towns by lowering emission of harmful gases and particulate matter (PM). As the study foresees installation of 10 kW of PV in residential houses, the calculated yearly energy generation would be around 15 MWh, which is twice of the average of real consumption of a household in Kosovo. This calculated energy generation from private houses is equal in capacity with generation of present PV parks that are connected on grid as reported from Transmission, System and Market Operator of the Republic of Kosovo. This proves that, if implemented, the study outcome would make Kosovo to meet the goal for a carbon free energy and meeting targets of at least three out of 17 SDG set by UNSC. Originality/value This paper’s model provides a ground for a transition of national energy sector from 90% fossils dependence to renewable energy sources (RES). Despite of some barriers such as cost of initial investment, energy storage, lack of government’s incentives and legislative base for households to become prosumer or at best energy self-sufficient buildings, this solution will make Kosovo harness its unused RES and meet targets of Paris Climate Agreement for net zero CO2 emissions from energy production by 2050 and SDG targets.

Sustainable solar energy development in Zakho, Iraq: a techno-economic and environmental assessment

This study presents a solar energy roadmap aimed at attracting investors to capitalize on the abundant solar resources in Zakho, Iraq, for clean energy technology. The objective is to mitigate global warming effects caused by fossil fuel combustion and promote sustainable technological development. To end this, the study employs RETScreen Expert software to validate the techno-economic and environmental viability of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system utilizing climatic data from the Astronaut Office Information System (NASA) Database. Additionally, the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) modeling method determines optimal angles for installing residential rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) systems across selected locations. Results indicate that all selected locations are suitable for solar photovoltaic projects, with Rezgari identified as the optimal district due to its highest annual solar radiation of 1863.117 kWh/m2 and the highest annual electricity production at 7905.38 kWh. The capacity factor (CF) values fall within the range of 17.395-17.574%. The study reveals an annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction ranging from 6.9876 to 7.1123 (tCO2) across four districts. Considering the financial and environmental indicators, Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems emerge as a sustainable and efficient solution to enhance the environment and prove economically viable in Zakho City.

Enhancing Energy Efficiency in a Palestinian Dairy Factory Utilizing RETScreen Expert

This paper delves into the intricacies of optimizing energy utilization within a dairy manufacturing facility situated in Palestine through the utilization of RETScreen Expert. An exhaustive energy audit is undertaken to meticulously scrutinize and comprehend the existing energy landscape within the dairy factory. This investigation is specifically oriented towards the evaluation of seven distinct energy efficiency strategies, encompassing aspects such as lighting enhancements, insulation upgrades, the maintenance of steam traps, mitigation of steam leaks, harnessing heat recovery mechanisms, and the installation of a solar water heating system. The study extends its purview to encompass environmental concerns, encompassing the estimation of CO2 emissions, and conducts a comprehensive assessment of the economic feasibility associated with these proposed measures. The findings of this investigation unequivocally reveal the substantial potential for diminishing energy consumption and curtailing CO2 emissions, alongside the concurrent enhancement of economic viability through the judicious implementation of the aforementioned energy efficiency initiatives. In essence, this scholarly work serves as a valuable resource, shedding light on the advantageous outcomes achieved by the incorporation of energy efficiency measures within industrial frameworks. It underscores the imperative of a holistic approach, where both environmental and economic dimensions are harmoniously considered in the decision-making processes pertaining to energy-related initiatives.

Thermal Modeling and Electric Space Heating of a University Building in Newfoundland

Buildings play a substantial role in global energy consumption, constituting a considerable share of the overall energy use. In Canada, they contribute to around 25% of the total final energy consumption. Notably, space heating emerges as the primary energy consumer, accounting for approximately 57% of energy utilization in institutional and commercial buildings. This paper presents a feasibility analysis of converting the space heating system of the Core Science Facility (CSF) building of Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN). Analysis is done using RETScreen Clean Energy Management Software, known as RETScreen Expert, a software package developed by the Government of Canada, and the thermal modeling of the building using Energy3D, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The feasibility study indicates that significant savings can be achieved if space heating is switched to electric resistive heating. The results indicate a 24.2% savings in annual energy costs, with a simple payback period of 10.5 years. The simulation results from Energy3D are compared with the measured building energy consumption data provided by the MUN Facilities Management Department. The thermal model indicates less energy consumption than the actual measured values, which is a result of transmission losses, the interconnection between the CSF building and the University Center, building occupancy, the ventilation system, and degradation of equipment that are not considered in the model.

Achieving Techno-Economic Feasibility for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems through the Production of Energy and Alternative Fuels

In developing countries like Ghana, the conversion of waste into energy is gaining greater interest among policy makers and researchers. The present study investigates the feasibility of producing electricity and/or fuels from a hybrid waste-to-energy pilot plant located in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The plant integrates three technologies: anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis and solar PV. The plant has the potential to produce both energy and fuels such as green hydrogen, refuse derived fuels, bio-compressed natural gas and compost. Thus, this study compares the financial feasibility of three scenarios—generating electricity and fuels, generating electricity alone and generating fuels alone—by modelling their energy output and financial performance using RETSCREEN expert 6.0.7.55 and Microsoft Excel 2019 softwares. The results indicate that the multiple products of electricity and fuels provide higher investment interest with a Net Present Value in excess of EUR 13 million and a payback period of 12 years compared to the electricity-only model. Also, converting electricity into fuels alone also provides substantial benefits which can be explored. However, the Levelized Cost of Energy, ranging from 0.3 to 0.68 EUR/kWh, is far above the average residential End User tariff. Overall, this study provides an important methodology for assessing the potential products of future projects.

Renewable energy integration in healthcare systems: A case study of a hospital in Azad Jammu and Kashmir

AbstractRenewable energy sources have gained widespread attention due to their abundance and cost‐effectiveness. In particular, healthcare systems and hospitals are increasingly seeking clean and renewable energy solutions to reduce energy costs, price volatility, and protect community health. However, proper load estimation and techno‐economic analysis are crucial to ensure the optimal performance and reliable power supply of renewable energy systems. This study focuses on conducting a case study on load estimation and techno‐economic analysis for a hospital located in a remote area of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Through this analysis, the study aims to determine the feasibility of implementing a renewable energy system at the hospital and assess the potential benefits in terms of energy production, cost savings, and environmental impact. Two different clean energy management softwares, HOMER PRO and RETScreen Expert, are utilized to compare the proposed hybrid (PV/Wind/Battery/Convertor/Grid) system with the existing system in terms of cost minimization, optimal system configuration, and environmental effects. The results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid system is more efficient, stable, cost‐effective, and a environmentally friendly option. Moreover, the annualized energy production, consumption, and grid load reduction are also calculated. The findings of both software programs are compared for validation of the proposed optimal system. The techno‐economic analysis of the proposed system can serve as a useful guideline for other commercial facilities in the region to utilize solar and wind energy.

Modelling the wind potential energy for metallurgical sector in Albania

The metallurgical industry, in the context of the global energy crisis and the new European green deal, needs urgent investments on energy and resource efficiency. The metallurgical sector, which includes the production of different metals is an energy-intensive industry that requires large amounts of energy for various processes such as smelting, refining, and casting. One of the largest consumptions of energy in Albania comes from the metallurgical sector during the production of iron, steel, chromium and aluminum which corresponds respectively to three private companies called “Kurum International Ltd”, “AlbChorme Ltd” and “Everest Ltd”. During the last three years, these companies have temporary interrupted the production process due to the higher electricity price that come from imports. Based on it, our research work presents the energy efficiency analysis in the Albanian metallurgical sector by focusing on the implementation of wind energy in the above mentioned private metallurgical companies, because adding new generation capacity from Renewable Energy Sources in a context of industrial energy communities, will contribute to improve the security of supply for this industry. The Wind Balkan Atlas, New European Wind Atlas, and Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) has been used to select the appropriate areas and to develop the wind potential distribution maps, as well as to select the most suitable type of wind turbine based on capacity factors. Two areas were selected close to the metallurgical sectors in the regions of “Vajkal” in Bulqizë and “Selitë e Malit” in Tirana. It has been installed the power of 9 MW for each wind farm, with a capacity factor of 40% and 36.6% respectively, and with a total annual energy production of about 60 GWh/year, these wind farms will cover about 26% of the total annual consumption of companies. Clean Energy Management Software (RETScreen Expert) was used for the detailed economic analysis and environmental impact of proposed wind farms. The economic sensitivity analysis of the proposed wind farms showed that even for the highest installation cost value of 1350 €/kW, for discount rates 5, 7, and 11%, the LCoE values are within the statistically established range for wind farms in Europe.

Impact of Photovoltaic (Pv) Solar Power for Reducing Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Emission in Kakuri Industrial Area, Kaduna

This study offers a solar energy road map to entice investors to fund clean energy technology in Kaduna, Nigeria, which has abundant and underutilized solar energy. The goal is to both improve the region’s sustainable technological development and lessen the impact of global warming caused by the burning of wood. Up order to do this, the techno-economic and environmental sustainability of putting up a grid-connected solar PV system in the area is verified using RETScreen Expert software. RETScreen Expert software aids in evaluating the financial viability of renewable energy projects through benchmark, feasibility, and performance analyses. It utilizes climate data, energy performance comparisons, and detailed financial assessments to provide a comprehensive evaluation. In designing a photovoltaic system for Kakuri Industrial Area in Kaduna, Nigeria, key considerations include PV module size, inverter and battery sizing, and energy demand calculations. A proposed 3MW system would cater to the energy needs of five industries, ensuring reliability even during cloudy days. The study also highlights the economic and environmental benefits, demonstrating significant potential for greenhouse gas emission reductions and financial returns. The project underscores the importance of thorough feasibility studies and sustainable design in implementing solar PV systems, showcasing their role in reducing reliance on fossil fuels and promoting renewable energy adoption.

The Economic Profitability of Photovoltaic Installations in Households in Poland from a New Policy Perspective

Solar energy is a source of energy that can meet a significant part of the demand for heat and electricity. However, its acquisition is associated with high variability both during the year and on individual days. The construction of installations due to changes in tariff systems, investment costs and subsidy programs raises doubts as to their profitability. The aim of this study was to assess the profitability of photovoltaic investments for households, considering public financial support. This study used RetScreen Expert software 8.1.2.13 to perform the entire analysis and performance cost, risk and sensitivity simulations. Climate data were imported from ground monitoring stations or from NASA global satellite or analytical data. The conducted research showed the profitability of investments in photovoltaics, even without state support. Differences between regions were insignificant. However, the support system has changed, extending the period of return on investment.

Techno-economic and environmental estimation assessment of floating solar PV power generation on Akosombo dam reservoir in Ghana

Ghana has developed energy policies to help increase the use of renewable energy in its energy mix. With abundant water reservoirs and solar irradiation, the potential to deploy floating solar photovoltaic is feasible to increase the country’s renewable electricity generation. RETScreen Expert software was used for studying a proposed FPV-Hydro hybrid plant system. This study conducted a feasibility analysis for a 420 MWp FPV on Akosombo Dam reservoir a location with 4.66 kWh/m2/day solar energy. The study recommended FPV power plant with capacity factor of 14.1%, and would consist of 500,000 units of solar panels covering a minimum area of 2,460,457 m2 to generate a total annual electricity of 520,233 MWh. The project will save 73,327 cubic metres of water from evaporating which can produce approximately 10 MWp hydroelectric power annually. FPV economic analysis shown that it will results in lower LCOE of US$ 0.10/kWh, annual revenue of USD $52,238,576.00 and 12-years simple payback time, indicating positive economic indicators. Additionally, it will significantly reduce GHG emissions by 308,904.5 tCO 2/MWh annually. The FPV-Hydropower hybrid plants prove feasible and contributes to a greener and less costly energy generation system to meeting the 10% additional Renewable Energy (RE) target of Ghana.

ENERGY AND EXERGY ANALYSIS TO STUDY THE PERFORMANCE OF A SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM WITH AND WITHOUT COOLING SYSTEM

The decline in fossil fuel sources has led to an increase in demand for alternative energy sources. Photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the most promising and popular renewable energy technologies. During the realoperation of PV cells about15% of thesolarradiation istransformedintoelectricity, therestintoheat that warm up the PV cell. One of the challenges when construction a home photovoltaic capacity generation order or an off-gridiron photovoltaic capacity is the deficit of energy that is converted to heat in the cosmic photovoltaic piece, resulting in a loss of 6 volts per system at a low-energy conversion rate. However, photovoltaic solar panel systems can still offer a significant benefit by optimizing the system design by incorporating an active cooling system that would recover the 6-volt energy loss. In this research, the active cooling system of the photovoltaic module system is examined and discussed. The chill plan was installed with a leg on either side of the photovoltaic piece while the water abating arrangement was on the front. The energy and exergy analysis of both cooling systems were performed separately and combined using EES, METLAP and RET Screen Expert software. The highest temperature of the photovoltaic piece outside a cooling arrangement is 64.4℃. There is a decrease in the hotness of 21.3℃, 34.3℃and 39.4℃when the air, water and integrate chilling order is used to the photovoltaic piece plan to increase the warm adeptness of air, water and connect abating of about 8%, 14% and 23%, respectively. The system power improvement of 29.32W, 32.22W, and 37.37W for air, water, and combined cooling, respectively, was recorded.

Feasibility Analysis of the Wind Energy Potential in Libya using the RETScreen Expert

This study focuses on the evaluation of the economic viability of various scale wind farms and the assessment for the first time of the wind power potential of 22 locations distributed over Libya. The study utilizes monthly mean wind data collected from the NASA power dataset. The analysis includes determining and analyzing the mean wind speed, frequency distribution, and Weibull distribution scale and shape factors. The results showed that Darnah is the most promising location for insulation wind farms due to the high value of wind speed. Moreover, RETScreen software is used to estimate the energy output and conduct an economic feasibility analysis of the wind farm. Additionally, this paper establishes a relationship between the wake effect, airfoil losses, and the potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation and the performance of wind farms. The results indicate that wind projects are economically viable when the EWT-DW 52 with a capacity of 500 kW is used. The study findings show that the wake effect is a crucial consideration in wind farm design, and it can be minimized through strategic spacing and turbine design. Furthermore, the accumulation of dirt and debris on wind turbine blades can significantly reduce a wind farm's energy output, causing turbine inefficiency and decreasing the overall energy production. Additionally, the energy production cost from a wind farm is less than that of the electricity tariff and can result in a profitable wind energy project.

Micro-hydropower systems for smallholder farmers in rural communities of Taraba state, Nigeria: Feasibility study, system analysis, design and performance evaluation (Part II)

This article deals with the feasibility study, system analysis, design, and performance evaluation of micro-hydropower systems for smallholder farmers in rural communities of Taraba state in Nigeria. The hydrologic data used to determine the available flow rate to produce the required hydraulic power were obtained from GEO Global Water Sustainability (GEOGloWS) Service. The principle of Darcy and Weisbach, applied in the Colebrook and Haaland’s equations were employed to analytically estimate the hydraulic head loss due to friction in the penstock, installed trash rack, and fitted valves. The Hydro-Power Plant (HPP) Design professional tool was used to size the different constituents of the proposed micro-hydropower plant, and to evaluate its overall performance. With a low net head of 5.2 m, and a maximum discharge of 1.21 m3/s, two vertical Kaplan turbines with combined peak power of 106 kW were obtained. The Kaplan turbines drive two 6-pole, 50-Hz asynchronous generators with nominal power of 50 kW each. The simulation results from the HPP design tool show that the system achieved a minimum efficiency of 56% with the flow ratio of 0.2, and maximum efficiency 86.1% with flow ratio ranging from 0.6 to 0.8. The Renewable Energy Project Analysis Software (RETScreen) Expert was utilized to perform cost, cash flows, financial sensitivity, and risk analysis of the proposed micro-hydropower plant in Wurno-Gassol. The RETScreen Expert estimated the risk level is at 10%, with minimum and maximum levels of confidence on risk associated with equity payback to occur in 4.6 years and 13.2 years respectively, with median level of confidence in year 7.2. Furthermore, the risk level on energy production cost is estimated at 10%, with minimum and maximum levels of confidence sitting at 101 USD/MWh and 140 USD/MWh respectively, with the median level of confidence at 118 USD/MWh.

Hydropower coupled with hydrogen production from wastewater: Integration of micro-hydropower plant (MHP) and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC)

Wastewater is considered as a source of chemical and hydraulic energy. Generating hydropower and H2 production from wastewater by microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is an emerging technology. A substantial amount of external energy is needed for large MEC which is considered as a big challenge to emerge as financially viable technology. In this research work, for the first time an effort has been taken to integrate MEC with micro hydropower plant (MHP) scheme at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for uninterrupted supply of electricity to MEC. Based on the available head, an MHP can be planned either upstream or downstream of WWTP and some of the generated electricity can be used to power the MECs. RET Screen Expert, energy management software has been used to analyse the technical and economical aspect of MHP as well as integrated MEC and MHP assuming four scenarios. Out of these scenarios, best calculated results were 1.4 GW with a payback period of 2 years. It is expected that integrated approach of MEC and MHP will exhibit most opted future energy positive technology for wastewater.

Assessing the viability of a grid-connected PV power plant in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

This paper is based on a techno-economic analysis and the environmental impact of a proposed 1 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant at the main campus of the Federal Polytechnic Mubi (FPM) in north-eastern Nigeria. A photovoltaic power plant converts solar radiation into electricity that can be used as a source of electrical power to meet the daily energy requirements of homes, equipment, and all tertiary institutions. RETScreen Expert software was used to evaluate the techno-economic and environmental sustainability of installing a grid-connected PV power plant. The research results revealed that with an annual solar radiation of 5.74 kWh/m2/day, the maximum annual energy production was estimated to be 1,550.98 MWh. It was discovered that the maximum energy production in March was 146.89 MWh. The project’s profitability and economic sustainability were determined with a good internal rate of return (IRR) of 11.9% and a positive net present value (NPV) of $681,164. The proposed PV power plant has a simple payback period of 11.4 years. The maximum greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction is 670.9 tCO2, equivalent to 61.7 ha of forest-absorbing carbon emissions.

Techno-Economic Optimization of Mini-Grid Systems in Nigeria: A Case Study of a PV–Battery–Diesel Hybrid System

This paper presents a feasibility analysis of the technical, environmental, and economic sustainability of an existing mini-grid technology system in Nigeria. The study investigates the cost and other operational parameters of the Gbamu-Gbamu solar–battery–diesel hybrid mini-grid, specifically the 85 kWp solar PV installation in the Ijebu East Local Government area of Ogun state. Situated within the Owo forest in South-West Nigeria, the mini-grid aims to reduce the effects of global warming and promote sustainable technological development in rural communities by increasing energy access through renewable sources. To assess the system’s viability, this research utilized RETScreen Expert software to validate the techno-economic and environmental sustainability of the installed mini-grid solar–PV–battery–diesel system in the region. Climatic data for the study were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The results demonstrate that the system is economically feasible and environmentally viable, as indicated by the positive net present value (NPV) and an average monthly irradiance of 4.78 kW/h/m2. Furthermore, the system achieved a 92.9% reduction in GHG emissions, provided a reasonable payback period of four years, and enabled a yearly electricity export of 203 MWh. These findings highlight the system’s potential to enhance energy access and mitigate climate change.

Calculating energy capacity and capacity factors of wind energy generating in the Special Region of Yogyakarta using RETScreen Expert with variations in height

This study aims to get simulation results for the energy capacity and capacity factor of wind turbine type Wind Energy Solutions 80 kW in the Special Region of Yogyakarta at heights of 30m, 60m, and 90m. Energy capacity and capacity factors were calculated using the RETScreen Expert software simulation, beginning with gathering monthly wind speed data from the Special Region of Yogyakarta for use in simulations with height and wind turbine variations. This study indicates that wind turbine type Wind Energy Solutions 80 kW is best suited for installation in the Special Region of Yogyakarta with annual energy capacities of 42.6 MWh, 54.1 MWh, and 63.1 MWh, for heights of 30m, 60m, and 90m, respectively. Meanwhile, the capacity factors for 30m, 60m, and 90m are 6.1%, 7.7%, and 9.0%, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the wind turbine type Wind Energy Solutions 80 kW is a viable future alternative for the planned construction of a power plant in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. With the wind speed and a power capacity that is not excessively high, it is suitable as a wind turbine type for the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Calculating the energy capacity and capacity factor of floating photovoltaic (FPV) power plant in the cirata reservoir using different types of solar panels

The trend to use solar energy as an electrical energy source continues to grow around the world. Located on the equator, Indonesia has the potential for continuously available solar energy throughout the year, which means that the use of solar energy as a solar power plant need to be increased. Floating solar power plant is a solution for solar power plant development in areas where land is limited due to high population density. One of the reservoirs currently under development and construction of floating solar power plant under the Electric Power Supply Business Plan 2021 – 2030 is the Cirata Reservoir with power capacity of 145 MWp. This study aims to obtain the results of the calculation of the energy capacity and capacity factor of the 145 MWp Cirata Reservoir floating solar power plant using different types of solar panel with RETScreen Expert software. This study uses data analysis techniques. The annual energy capacity results for monocrystalline, polycrystaline, and thin-film solar cell module types are 190.54 GWh, 190.54 GWh, and 186.87 GWh respectively. The capacity factor results for monocrystalline, polycrystaline, and thin-film solar cell module types respectively are 15.00%; 15.00%; and 14.70%.