Subjective Evaluation Results Research Articles

Research on sound quality of roller chain transmission system based on multi-source transfer learning

To establish the sound quality evaluation model of roller chain transmission system, we collect the running noise under different working conditions. After the noise samples are preprocessed, a group of experienced testers are organized to evaluate them subjectively. Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) of each noise sample is calculated, and the MFCC feature map is used as an objective evaluation. Combining with the subjective and objective evaluation results of the roller chain system noise, we can get the original dataset of its sound quality research. However, the number of high-quality noise samples is relatively small. Based on the sound quality research of various chain transmission systems, a novel method called multi-source transfer learning convolutional neural network (MSTL-CNN) is proposed. By transferring knowledge from multiple source tasks to target task, the difficulty of small sample sound quality prediction is solved. Compared with the problem that single source task transfer learning has too much error on some samples, MSTL-CNN can give full play to the advantages of all transfer learning models. The results also show that the MSTL-CNN proposed in this paper is significantly better than the traditional sound quality evaluation methods.

Small Sample Sound Quality Prediction Method of Hy-Vo Chain Transmission System Based on Fuzzy Generation

To improve the noise comfort of the whole machine, it is necessary to establish the sound quality prediction model of the Hy-Vo chain transmission system. Compared with the silent chain transmission system, the Hy-Vo chain transmission system normally operates at a lower speed and cannot have too much load at the limit speed. It is difficult to obtain a sufficient quantity of high-quality noise samples because there are few different working conditions. For small sample sound quality prediction, we use a sample enhancement method called fuzzy generation based on fuzzy mathematics. Firstly, audio samples of the Hy-Vo chain transmission system are collected through noise tests. Secondly, the processed samples are evaluated objectively and subjectively. After a correlation test of the subjective evaluation results, correct subjective evaluation scores of each noise sample are obtained. With the help of fuzzy generation, we can obtain a sufficient number of new samples. By mixing the original samples with the generated samples, a new dataset is created. Through using a general regression neural network (GRNN), support vector regression (SVR) model, and ridge regression (RR) method, the sound quality of the Hy-Vo chain transmission system can be predicted. Different from prediction results under the original dataset, using the fuzzy generation method can not only significantly reduce the prediction error of the model but also improve stability.

Infrared and visible image fusion in a rolling guided filtering framework based on deep feature extraction

AbstractTo preserve rich detail information and high contrast, a novel image fusion algorithm is proposed based on rolling-guided filtering combined with deep feature extraction. Firstly, input images are filtered to acquire various scales decomposed images using rolling guided filtering. Subsequently, PCANet is introduced to extract weight maps to guide base layer fusion. For the others layer, saliency maps of input images are extracted by a saliency measure. Then, the saliency maps are optimized by guided filtering to guide the detail layer fusion. Finally, the final fusion result are reconstructed by all fusion layers. The experimental fusion results demonstrate that fusion algorithm in this study obtains following advantages of rich detail information, high contrast, and complete edge information preservation in the subjective evaluation and better results in the objective evaluation index. In particular, the proposed method is 16.9% ahead of the best comparison result in the SD objective evaluation index.

Research on the parameter design and calibration and control of EV in-vehicle active sound generation system

In order to improve the interior sound quality of electric vehicles (EVs) under acceleration and uniform speed conditions, to balance the comfort and dynamics of the interior sound, and to improve the accuracy and performance of the active sound generation system (ASGS), this article carries out the research related to the parameter design, sound calibration, evaluation methodology, and control system of the EV ASGS. Propose an in-vehicle sound design method focusing on three dimensions, including engine order composition, spectral energy distribution, and sound amplitude enhancement in the typical speed range, and determine the in-vehicle sound design scheme and the total sound value target. Focus on the sound parameter design, calibration and evaluation methods of EV ASGS considering the frequency response characteristics of the loudspeaker, sound amplitude control accuracy, sound quality, and psychoacoustic parameters, clarify the active sound parameter settings of EVs, complete the analysis of sound extraction methods, complete the engine order sound fitting, and design the ASGS of the EV interior by combining the subjective and objective evaluations. Develop the control software and hardware of the ASGS, complete the construction and accuracy verification of the ASGS based on the in-vehicle sound system, and realize the sound calibration of the ASGS under the static conditions of the real vehicle and the verification of the target achievement. The real-vehicle test shows that the ASGS reduces the sharpness of 1.0 acum and 0.52 acum under acceleration and constant speed conditions, respectively, and improves the comfort and dynamics of in-vehicle sound. The objective and subjective evaluation results show that the parameter design, selection and accuracy of the sound calibration and evaluation methods of the ASGS in the EV determines the accuracy and effect of the ASGS.

Study on physiological representation of passenger cognitive comfort: An example with overtaking scenarios

During autonomous driving, the subjective cognition of scenario risks may lead to cognitive discomfort of occupants. This is a new concept of ride comfort for vehicles, which is being included in the performance evaluation of autonomous vehicles. The observation methods, generation mechanisms, prediction methods, and optimization methods of this cognitive discomfort remain to be explored. In order to quantify the risk cognition of passengers and evaluate cognitive comfort, this paper proposes a physiological representation method using overtaking scenarios as an example. Firstly, physiological data of passengers are collected through road test, and 19 physiological indicators are extracted, including 6 galvanic skin response (GSR) indicators, 5 electrocardiogram indicators, and 8 eye movement indicators. Secondly, the physiological indicator set related to the subjective evaluation results of comfort is constructed through correlation analysis. Finally, a multiple linear regression model is established to represent the level of passenger discomfort, with physiological indicators as inputs and subjective comfort indicators as outputs. The indicators that contribute significantly to the output results in the model are the maximum amplitude of GSR, the rise time of GSR, the maximum pupil diameter, and the average fixation time. The validation results indicate that the overall accuracy of the model is 86.90 %.

Assessing the efficacy of acupuncture as the sole analgesic for canine chronic pain

PICO Question In dogs with chronic pain, is acupuncture alone, compared to a placebo, more efficacious in alleviating pain and pain-related dysfunction? Clinical bottom line Category of research Treatment. Number and type of study designs reviewed Four randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trials were critically appraised. Strength of evidence Weak. Outcomes reported A single study evaluating the efficacy of gold bead implantation, a form of permanent acupuncture, on pain associated with canine hip dysplasia (CHD) endorsed acupuncture’s superior pain alleviation and locomotion improvement through owner and veterinarian subjective outcome evaluation. Three studies concluded that, overall, acupuncture was not efficacious regarding pain reduction or dysfunction improvement compared with placebo treatment. Conclusion Based on the limited current evidence, acupuncture could have analgesic effects as perceived by owners, but acupuncture, as a sole analgesic, is unlikely to be effective in alleviating pain and pain-related dysfunction in canine chronic pain associated with musculoskeletal causes. Evidence is lacking on chronic pain due to neurological and oncological causes. Further studies need to focus on researching various acupuncture modalities’ effects on chronic pain with musculoskeletal, neuropathic and oncological causes when utilised as a component of multimodal therapy. Currently, for canine patients with chronic pain, there is insufficient evidence for a veterinarian to recommend that a client utilise acupuncture as the sole method for pain management. How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.

MTFN: multi-temporal feature fusing network with co-attention for DCE-MRI synthesis.

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. However, obtaining complete eight temporal images of DCE-MRI requires a long scanning time, which causes patients' discomfort in the scanning process. Therefore, to reduce the time, the multi temporal feature fusing neural network with Co-attention (MTFN) is proposed to generate the eighth temporal images of DCE-MRI, which enables the acquisition of DCE-MRI images without scanning. In order to reduce the time, multi-temporal feature fusion cooperative attention mechanism neural network (MTFN) is proposed to generate the eighth temporal images of DCE-MRI, which enables DCE-MRI image acquisition without scanning. In this paper, we propose multi temporal feature fusing neural network with Co-attention (MTFN) for DCE-MRI Synthesis, in which the Co-attention module can fully fuse the features of the first and third temporal image to obtain the hybrid features. The Co-attention explore long-range dependencies, not just relationships between pixels. Therefore, the hybrid features are more helpful to generate the eighth temporal images. We conduct experiments on the private breast DCE-MRI dataset from hospitals and the multi modal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge2018 dataset (BraTs2018). Compared with existing methods, the experimental results of our method show the improvement and our method can generate more realistic images. In the meanwhile, we also use synthetic images to classify the molecular typing of breast cancer that the accuracy on the original eighth time-series images and the generated images are 89.53% and 92.46%, which have been improved by about 3%, and the classification results verify the practicability of the synthetic images. The results of subjective evaluation and objective image quality evaluation indicators show the effectiveness of our method, which can obtain comprehensive and useful information. The improvement of classification accuracy proves that the images generated by our method are practical.

LPIPS-AttnWav2Lip: Generic audio-driven lip synchronization for talking head generation in the wild

Researchers have shown a growing interest in Audio-driven Talking Head Generation. The primary challenge in talking head generation is achieving audio-visual coherence between the lips and the audio, known as lip synchronization. This paper proposes a generic method, LPIPS-AttnWav2Lip, for reconstructing face images of any speaker based on audio. We used the U-Net architecture based on residual CBAM to better encode and fuse audio and visual modal information. Additionally, the semantic alignment module extends the receptive field of the generator network to obtain the spatial and channel information of the visual features efficiently; and match statistical information of visual features with audio latent vector to achieve the adjustment and injection of the audio content information to the visual information. To achieve exact lip synchronization and to generate realistic high-quality images, our approach adopts LPIPS Loss, which simulates human judgment of image quality and reduces instability possibility during the training process. The proposed method achieves outstanding performance in terms of lip synchronization accuracy and visual quality as demonstrated by subjective and objective evaluation results.

Law Abidance Leadership Education for University Students in Hong Kong: Subjective Outcome Evaluation

Adolescence is an “age of rebellion” when adolescents challenge authority and break rules on an experimental basis. Hence, it is important to promote law abidance, particularly when we expect young people to become future leaders. In this study, we implemented a 3-hour face-to-face module on law abidance leadership with national security as a part of the contents. To understand the perceptions of university students taking the lecture (N = 1,285), we employed a 26-item post-lecture evaluation questionnaire to conduct subjective outcome evaluation. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) as well as multi-group CFAs based on two randomly selected samples, demonstrated the three dimensions intrinsic to the scale (i.e., lecture attributes, teachers’ qualities, and appreciation of law abidance leadership) replicated the previous findings, hence supporting the construct validity of the instrument. Regarding perceptions of all respondents (N = 985), students generally held positive views on lecture design and delivery. Besides, they agreed that this module benefited their personal development in critical thinking, problem-solving ability, moral competence, interpersonal communication skills, law abidance leadership, and their understandings about the significance of national security. More than 95% of the participants expressed their desire to become law-abiding citizens and take on social responsibility. The qualitative responses also triangulated the quantitative findings, with most of which being positive responses. This study replicated our previous research, and enriched the scientific database on teaching politically sensitive topics in the context of higher education.

The Influence of Noise Exposure at Different Loudness Levels on EEG Index and Types of Attention.

Noise is one of the most important harmful factors in the environment. There are limited studies on the effect of noise loudness on brain signals and attention. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to different loudness levels with brain index, types of attention, and subjective evaluation. Four noises with different loudness levels were generated. Sixty-four male students participated in this study. Each subject performed the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-2) test before and during exposure to noise loudness signals while their electroencephalography was recorded. Finally, the alpha-to-gamma ratio (AGR), five types of attention, and the subjective evaluation results were examined. During exposure to loudness levels, the AGR and types of attention decreased while the NASA-Tax Load Index (NASA-TLX) scores increased. The noise exposure at lower loudness levels (65 and 75 phon) leads to greater attention dysfunction than at higher loudness. The AGR was significantly changed during exposure to 65 and 75 phon and audio stimuli. This significant change was observed in exposure at all loudness levels except 85 phon and visual stimuli. The divided and sustained attention changed significantly during exposure to all loudness levels and visual stimuli. The AGR had a significant inverse correlation with the total score of NASA-TLX during noise exposure. These results can lead to the design of methods to control the psychological effects of noise at specific frequencies (250 and 4000 Hz) and can prevent non-auditory damage to human cognitive performance in industrial and urban environments.

Psychophysiological restoration effects through the experience of Gugak soundscape content

The psychophysiological restoration effects of content combining Korean natural soundscape with Gugak, traditional Korean music, were validated through a VR CAVE environment. Participants experienced the content of their choice while seated in a comfortable capsule-shaped chair over a total period of 6 weeks. Psychological responses, heart rate variability (HRV), and electroencephalogram (EEG) were measured before and after each experience, including 4 weeks after the last (10th week). Acute and chronic effects were confirmed through various correlations derived from the data related to physical parameters that depict the characteristics of the soundscape environment, subjective evaluation results of the soundscape, and physiological response measurements, as well as significant changes in psychophysiological parameters related to restoration.

Plate waste in food service: Nudging intervention

Food waste is a threat to global sustainability. The study aim is to determine the effect of nudge interventions to reduce food waste at lunch. In this experimental study, which was planned in this cross-sectional type, survey data on food waste attitudes were collected from the participants. Volunteers who benefited from the cafeteria service were assigned to the survey (n=157), excluding those who did not use the cafeteria regularly, had a history of food allergy, and declared a diagnosis of chewing-swallowing disorder or celiac disease (n=3). The sociodemographic data and subjective waste amounts of the participants based on the survey, the waste was measured rationally in the pre-nudging and nudging period. The primary outcome is that nudge interventions applied to reduce food waste at lunch can contribute to the total amount of food waste and in which foods to reduce waste. Despite the nudging intervention, the total amount of waste increased, only vegetarian food and bread waste decreased. These changes are not statistically significant. According to the subjective evaluation data, vegetarian food and bread group foods are wasted more. Subjective and rational evaluation results are inconsistent. Short-term nudging intervention is not effective and different strategies are needed to reduce the amount of food waste.

Considerable Long-Term Aesthetic Outcomes and Oncologic Safety of Breast-Conserving Surgery Via a Periareolar Incision: A Retrospective Study

BackgroundTo investigate the application effect of periareolar incision breast-conserving surgery in patients with early breast cancer. MethodsFrom January 2017 to November 2021, a clinician in our research center performed a total of 533 breast-conserving surgery. After screening, we collected the information of 209 patients through telephone, online questionnaires, and outpatient follow-up. One hundred seventeen patients with early breast cancer underwent breast-conserving surgery under the periareolar incision, while 92 patients underwent surgery through the tumor surface incision. We compared the differences between the 2 groups in the length of stay, postoperative complications, adjuvant therapy, and other clinical indicators, as well as the subjective and objective evaluation of the long-term postoperative breast aesthetic outcome, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival. ResultsWith a mean follow-up of 3.9 years, patients in the periareolar incision group (PAIG) and tumor surface incision group (TSIG) had no significant differences in clinical indicators, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival. However, PAIG patients had better subjective satisfaction with postoperative breast appearance. In the evaluation of objective aesthetic outcomes, PAIG was significantly better than TSIG in texture and elasticity, symmetry, sunken degree of the operative side, skin color, surgical scar, and breast compliance difference. ConclusionBy observing and comparing the clinical indicators, postoperative recurrence, and metastasis of the enrolled patients, this study found that periareolar incision surgery could achieve radical therapeutic effects similar to those achieved through tumor surface incision, and had advantages in improving postoperative aesthetic outcomes, which could provide certain references for clinical practice.

FTP1.9 Two-Stage flexor tendon repair versus Primary repair: An evaluation of subjective and functional outcomes at a Regional Centre for Plastic Surgery

Abstract Aims The hand, as the primary executing organ, is at the centre of nearly all daily activities. In the anatomical extremity, the hand is frequently exposed to the potential risk of injury. If a flexor tendon is injured and recognized as needing surgical intervention, two main options are available; Two-stage Flexor Tendon (TSFT) repair or Primary repair. We evaluated the subjective and functional outcomes of the two surgical methods described above in patients presenting with flexor tendon injury in Zone I or II over a 5-year period. Methodology A retrospective study employing 35 patients (and a total of 42 tendon injuries) requiring TSFT repair over a 5-year period and 190 patients requiring primary flexor tendon repair between 2012-2014. Data collected included patient demographics, injury details, intraoperative findings and post-operative outcomes. Results Of the 35 digital injuries assessed, 15.8% had a good outcome, 21.1% with a fair outcome and 63.2% with a poor outcome, based upon the Strickland grading system. In comparison, of those undergoing primary flexor tendon repair, 51.5% had a good / Excellent outcome, leaving 48.5% with a poor outcome. Rupture rates post-surgery were higher in those undergoing TSFT repair than primary repair; 23.8% versus 12.0% respectively. Conclusion A damaged flexor tendon requiring surgery should ideally be repaired within 72 hours of initial insult via primary repair. Delayed presentation and subsequent scar formation with proximal stump retraction warrants a two-stage approach. It is widely accepted that a reconstruction in two-stages can yield effective results in restoring digital function, but these results are often superseded by a primary repair.

Game Fun Prediction Based on Frequency Domain Physiological Signals: Observational Study.

Traditionally, the subjective questionnaire collected from game players is regarded as a primary tool to evaluate a video game. However, the subjective evaluation result may vary due to individual differences, and it is not easy to provide real-time feedback to optimize the user experience. This paper aims to develop an objective game fun prediction system. In this system, the wearables with photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors continuously measure the heartbeat signals of game players, and the frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters can be derived from the inter-beat interval (IBI) sequence. Frequency domain HRV parameters, such as low frequency(LF), high frequency(HF), and LF/HF ratio, highly correlate with the human's emotion and mental status. Most existing works on emotion measurement during a game adopt time domain physiological signals such as heart rate and facial electromyography (EMG). Time domain signals can be easily interfered with by noises and environmental effects. The main contributions of this paper include (1) regarding the curve transition and standard deviation of LF/HF ratio as the objective game fun indicators and (2) proposing a linear model using objective indicators for game fun score prediction. The self-built dataset in this study involves ten healthy participants, comprising 36 samples. According to the analytical results, the linear model's mean absolute error (MAE) was 4.16%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 5.07%. While integrating this prediction model with wearable-based HRV measurements, the proposed system can provide a solution to improve the user experience of video games.

A novel subjective evaluation method for the sound quality of high-speed train compartments

In this paper, a sound quality subjective evaluation method for the high-speed train compartments using semantic scoring method with equal even intervals is proposed. The acoustic metrics in the compartment was studied at different positions and under different operating conditions, and two subjective evaluation experiments using selected sound samples were carried out. The least square method was used to point-fit the sound pressure level values of the original signal, so as to select the appropriate short-term intercepting samples. To avoid the unclear distinction between samples evaluated with the unit interval scoring table, a novel evaluation method that equals even interval semantic scoring method was designed by increasing the interval between adjacent scoring numbers in the scoring table. The results show that the proposed method distinguishes the perceived auditory differences between samples more clearly compared with the unit interval semantic scoring table. And the correlation of the evaluation results obtained by using the equal even interval scoring method between participants is also higher, so the proposed method is suitable for evaluating the sound quality of the interior high-speed train compartments. Psychoacoustic attribute metrics such as loudness, roughness, and sharpness were calculated for the various samples, and loudness was found to have a strong correlation with the subjective evaluation results obtained using the proposed equal even interval method. This further verifies that, compared with unit interval scoring, the proposed method facilitates the sound quality evaluation of the interior high-speed train compartments.

P‐126: An Introduction to GGRB Virtual Pixel Technology

The constructions of the GGRB virtual pixel and the effect on the display performance are introduced by comparing with that of the Diamond RGBG virtual pixel, a typical virtual pixel technology applied to active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display. Because of the characteristic structure of GGRB sub‐ pixel arrangement, the occurrence of perceptible artificial color discontinuity is reduced in the GGRB virtual pixel display. The distribution uniformity of pixel luminance centroids is important for the display of pattern details. In the GGRB virtual pixel display, the distribution uniformity of pixel luminance centroids is achieved via a non‐uniformly distributed green sub‐pixel array of which the luminance profile is properly modulated by the red and blue sub‐pixels with lower spatial frequency distribution. The results of subjective evaluation and comparison suggest that the performance improvement of the GGRB virtual pixel display is consistent with the conceptual expectation. Some of the essential characteristics is superior to those of the reference technology.

Research on the Evaluation Technology of UAV Pilot Training Action Quality based on Entropy Weight-TOPSIS Method

The system composition and usage of UAVs are different from those of manned aircraft, and a large number of flight training sessions for UAV pilots can gradually make them understand and be familiar with the characteristics of UAV. In this paper, the quality evaluation indexes of UAV pilot training actions are sorted out and an evaluation model is constructed based on the Entropy Weight-TOPSIS method. Through application verification, the evaluation results of the model are consistent with the subjective evaluation results of flight instructors. The model can be applied to the evaluation of UAV pilot training actions quality, and at the same time has high evaluation efficiency.

Frequency-dependent automotive suspension damping systems: State of the art review

Configuration of a passive suspension of a passenger vehicle most often requires a compromise between its handling, road-holding, and ride (passenger) comfort. Nowadays, car manufacturers (automotive OEMs) are forced to develop ways for enhancing the functionality of shock absorbers and yet keeping their costs low. The use of so-called frequency-dependent (FD) valves in hydraulic passive suspension dampers, which allow the damping force to vary with the frequency of the excitation (or its change rate), is a satisfactory solution to the problem by means of adaptive passive valves. In this study, the effectiveness of the FD technology in passenger vehicles is demonstrated on the basis of a quarter-car simulation model. This is followed by a comprehensive review of several FD type valve structures currently offered by various automotive damper suppliers. Their advantages as well as potential drawbacks are shown and hydraulic circuits are formulated for each of the considered designs. Exemplary characteristics of a FD shock absorber obtained from own measurements are shown, too. The results of subjective qualitative evaluation of analyzed cases are presented and appropriate directions for further development steps are proposed. Finally, simulation results of functional model of FD shock absorber are presented.

Clinical Feasibility of a Low-dose Computed Tomography Angiography Protocol with an Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm in Preoperative Examinations for Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Flap Surgery

Background: In the past several years, emerging imaging techniques, such as computed tomography angiography (CTA), Doppler ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been used for investigating the anatomy and perfusion of perforator complexes. Preoperative CTA can provide explicit information on perforator flaps, which not only helps surgeons to evaluate the optimal design of flaps with respect to the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) territory and the concomitant venous drainage pattern, but also reduces postoperative complications and secondary operation rates. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of a low-dose CTA protocol with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) for patients scheduled for anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTPF) surgery. Patients and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in a single institution from August 2016 to July 2017. A total of 60 inpatients scheduled for the ALTPF surgery were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 20 per group): Group A, filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction with a tube voltage of 120 kVp; group B, ASIR with a tube voltage of 100 kVp; and group C, ASIR with a tube voltage of 80 kVp. The vessel attenuation value, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and figure of merit (FOM) were compared between the three groups. Additionally, a four-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the subjective quality of images. The scan length, dose-length product (DLP), CT dose index (CTDI), and effective dose (ED) were also recorded and compared. Results: The age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were not significantly different between the three groups (P > 0.05 for all). The FOM of images in the three segments was significantly higher in group C compared to the other two groups (P < 0.001 for all). The results of subjective evaluation revealed no poor-quality images, and the Likert score did not significantly differ between the groups. Compared to group A and group B, significant reductions were observed in CTDI, DLP, and ED in group C. Conclusion: The 80-kVp protocol with ASIR not only reduced the radiation dose, but also exhibited lower performance compared to the 120-kVp protocol with FBP and the 80-kVp protocol with ASIR; it also yielded relatively satisfactory image quality.