Results Of Serum Analyses Research Articles

Hepatoprotective activity of Cuscuta reflexa aqueous and alcoholic extracts against CCl4 induced toxicity in rats

Introduction In the present study the impact of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cuscuta reflexa were investigated on rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). CCl4 is known to intoxicate the liver of rats which can be easily be observed by examining the total protein, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase ALT). Cuscuta reflexa have been used in traditional medicine culture from time immemorial. In this study both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cuscuta reflexa were found to have curative impact on liver profile of CCl4 intoxicated rats. Materials and Methods. The stem of Cuscuta reflexa were collected from host bougainvillea, dried in shade and were subjected to alcoholic (ethanolic), and aqueous extraction. Albino rats were intoxicated with CCl4 to induce hepatotoxicity. The CCl4 intoxicated rats were treated with low dose and high dose of both the extracts to assess the hepatoprotective impact on intoxicated rats. The results clearly revealed that the CCl4 administration altered liver profile. The altered liver profile parameters recovered to normal after administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts. Results and Discussion. Administration of CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats, which was evident with the results of serum analysis. Post CCl4 administration the liver profile parameters were altered. The CCl4 intoxicated rats were then treated with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cuscuta reflexa. Post treatment with the extracts the liver profile parameters recovered to normal. Conclusion: Present study reveals that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cuscuta reflexa were found to have curative impact on liver profile of CCl4 intoxicated rats. Keywords: Custuca reflexa, CCl4, hepatoprotective, liver profile, alcoholic extract, aqueous extract,

Ameliorative effect of Plumbago zeylanica root extract against lead toxicity in rats

Being a toxic heavy metal, lead can induce many annihilating effects on different systems of the body in all living entity. To combat this toxicity, traditional herbal treatment is gaining importance now-a-days due to their various advantages. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the ameliorative effect of ethanolic root extract of Plumbago zeylanica against lead toxicity in rats. The extract was given at the rate of 100 mg/kg body weight, orally to Wistar rats along withthe lead acetate administered orallyat the rate of 500 ppmf or 24 days. The results were compared with control group receiving normal water and feed, and toxicity group receiving 500 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water. P. zeylanica treated group showed better feed consumption and improved blood parameters with no clinical abnormalities. On histopathological examination, the organs of plant extract treated group showed relatively less degenerative changes in liver, kidneys, lungs, brain and testes, with promising results of serum analysis showing decreased enzymatic levels of ALT, AST, creatinine and blood glucose. Blood calcium was increased upon P. zeylanica treatment indicating its protective effect on bone, whereas the phosphorous level showed opposite trend probably be due to its beneficial effect on kidneys restricting its elimination. These results were encouraging for the use of have created an ardency to use this plant in amelioration of lead toxicity.

Ginsenoside Re Ameliorates Brain Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Dysfunction in High Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice.

The ameliorating effects of ginsenoside Re (G Re) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice were investigated to assess its physiological function. In the results of behavioral tests, G Re improved cognitive dysfunction in diabetic mice using Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. G Re also significantly recovered hyperglycemia and fasting blood glucose level. In the results of serum analysis, G Re decreased triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and increased the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). G Re regulated acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and oxidized glutathione (GSH)/total GSH by regulating the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway. These findings suggest that G Re could be used to improve HFD-induced insulin resistance condition by ameliorating hyperglycemia via protecting the cholinergic and antioxidant systems in the mouse brains.

Alterations in serum protein fractions and Na+-K+ATPase activity in Clarias gariepinus infested with henneguyosis in Ismailia, Egypt

Total serum protein, protein fractions and Na+-K+ATPase activity were estimated in Clarias gariepinus collected from surface waters in Ismailia governorate, Egypt. Comparisons were made between fish infested with respiratory henneguyosis and non-infested fish. Results of serum analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the total serum proteins level, albumin level and albumin:globulin ratio from 5.31 ± 0.13 g dl–1, 3.93 ± 0.12 g dl–1 and 2.26 ± 0.09 g dl–1 (respectively) in the non-infested group to 4.88 ± 0.19 g dl–1, 3.10 ± 0.18 g dl–1 and 1.88 ± 0.13 g dl–1 (respectively) in the infested group. The globulin level increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 1.38 ± 0.05 g dl–1 in non-infested group to 1.78 ± 0.07 g dl–1 in the infested catfish. The henneguyosis infestation affected the Na+-K+ATPase activity in the gills by decreasing the enzyme activity from 11.43 ± 0.73 μM Pi mg protein–1 h–1 in the non-infested group to 8.64 ± 1.00 μM Pi mg protein–1 h–1 in the infested group. This demonstrated that Henneguya branchialis causes physiological dysfunctions in infested fish by causing several alterations in protein fraction levels and inhibition in Na+-K+ATPase enzyme activity, which affects the osmoregulation process.

Tolerance and acceptable daily intake of ethylene dichloride in the chicken diet

Leghorn chickens of both sexes were fed mash fumigated with ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane) for 2 yr. Growth, performance of layers, fertility, reproduction and biochemical tests served as criteria for establishing the no-effect levels. Ethylene dichloride did not affect the growth, semen characteristics or fertility of the chickens, and the results of serum analyses on treated chickens did not differ from those on controls. Both fumigant levels, 250 and 500 ppm in the mash, caused a moderate but persistent decrease in egg weight from month 4 of the laying period. Egg production was affected only by the higher level of fumigant. A tolerance of 100 ppm and an acceptable daily intake of 5 mg/kg body weight seem to be justified for laying hens. For growing chicks and cocks the tolerance and acceptable daily intake are the same as those previously determined for rats, namely 250 ppm and 25 mg/kg, respectively.