Results Of Pharmacoeconomic Studies Research Articles

Оптимизация амбулаторной лекарственной помощи пациентам с артериальной гипертензией в условиях здравоохранения Республики Казахстан на основе фармакоэкономического анализа

Abstract In the Republic of Kazakhstan, as in the whole world, cardiovascular diseases make the first place in terms of the “contribution” to the morbidity and mortality of the population. Arterial hypertension is the leading modifiable cause of cardiovascular and overall mortality in the world. Purpose of the study: To assess the pharmacoeconomic feasibility of using fixed combinations in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods. Review of domestic and foreign literature on the state of the management of patients with arterial hypertension, ABC / VEN- and frequency analyzes of the consumption of antihypertensive drugs, questioning patients for adherence to therapy and identifying their opinions about convenient therapy regimens, pharmacoeconomic analysis of the use of amlodipine in combination with lisinopril and their fixed combination. Results. In the updated version of the 2018 European Society of Cardiology guidelines, fixed combinations of two drugs in the form of one tablet strengthened their position as first-line therapy. Preferred dual combinations are those of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers with calcium channel blockers or diuretics. Analysis of financing and coverage of the population with drugs at the outpatient level within the guaranteed volume of free medical care showed that arterial hypertension is the most costly nosology, while a tendency to inadequate provision of patients with antihypertensive drugs was revealed. The highest costs were associated with fixed combinations, despite the fact that they ranked only 5th in frequency of prescriptions, the most popular was the combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine / lisinopril). The results of the pharmacoeconomic analysis showed the feasibility of using a fixed combination of amlodipine / lisinopril, which makes it possible to assume the same trend in relation to other fixed combinations. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate the need to provide access for patients with arterial hypertension to fixed combination drugs. At the same time, the inclusion of these drugs in state drug supply programs may be accompanied by an increase in the burden on the health care system budget due to their high cost. The results of pharmacoeconomic studies should be the basis for making managerial decisions in the field of drug circulation. Key words: arterial hypertension, combined antihypertensive therapy, fixed combinations, pharmacoeconomic analysis

Pharmacoeconomic studies in Nepal: the need of the hour.

Pharmacoeconomics is a rapidly expanding field with interests from the whole gamut of health-related personnel, spanning from hospital administrators to policy makers (Drummond et al., 2003). It incorporates various analytical techniques that deal with costs and outcomes of pharmaceutical interventions employed in prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management of diseases. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation is concerned with the comparison of two or more drug therapies with respect to their costs and consequences. Considered a branch of health economics, pharmacoeconomics limits itself to the pharmaceutical facet of health-care system. Cost-minimization analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and cost-consequence analysis are chief types of pharmacoeconomic studies (Drummond, 2006). These studies are carried out from the perspectives of patient, payer, or society, these perspectives differing in the type of costs included in the studies (Drummond, 2006). That pharmacoeconomic studies are highly regarded by health-care experts and policy makers for basing health policy decisions, emphasize their significance (Greenberg et al., 1999). These studies are of immense significance to pharmaceutical industries as well, the research and development of newer drugs and critical decisions regarding them being influenced by results of pharmacoeconomic studies in many instances (DiMasi et al., 2001).

PGI14 - Cost Analysis of Proton Pump Inhibitors in the Treatment of Ulcer Duodenum in Ukraine

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are essential components schemes of antyhelicobacter therapy (AT) of peptic ulcer disease. The aim of research - to determine the costs of the use of PPIs in the traditional triple schemes AT (first and second line) of the working age patients with a duodenal ulcer in Ukraine. The objects of research - preparations of omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprozol, ezomeprazol, which are present in Ukraine. Cost analysis on the use of PPIs in the schemes of AT was performed per one patient for 14 days with the daily doses of drugs: omeprazole - 40 mg, pantoprazole - 80 mg, rabeprazole - 40 mg, lansoprozol - 60 mg, ezomeprazol - 40 mg (according to the recommendations of the “Maastricht IV”, 2010). For determining the costs only the costs of the PPIs were taken into account. The prices of drugs were taken from the information system “Drugs” of Company “Morion” (December, 2012). The currency ratio of UAH to dollar (USA) on 10.12.12 was 7.99:1. To determine the range of costs for use of PPIs determined their trade names with the minimum and maximum costs for the AT. The range of costs for use of PPIs in the traditional triple schemes AT in Ukraine is wide enough, respectively: omeprazole - 1.15 - 19.15 $, pantoprazole - 5.11 - 49.28 $, lansoprozol - 5.14 - 10.66 $, rabeprazole - 4.27 - 63.40$, ezomeprazol 1.81 - 36.42$. Costs only for the use of PPIs in the schemes of AT of duodenal ulcer can be quite high in Ukraine. In this regard, the choice of PPIs for inclusion in the schemes of AT is advisable to use the results of pharmacoeconomic studies that will optimize the costs of the payer.

Escalating Costs of Cancer Treatment: The Local Effect of a Global Reality

While incidence of cancer has been increasing worldwide, so has the cost of cancer treatment. As newer anti-cancer drugs and diagnostic tools have become available, the results of pharmacoeconomic studies have also become more important in the recent years, in guiding cancer treatment policies and reimbursement decisions.In Brazil, there will be more than 466,000 new cases of cancer in 2008. In this very populated developing country, health policy makers and administrators of private and public health services are becoming increasingly concerned about the cost of cancer treatment.This health economic project utilized the database of Unimed, a private health care plan which is the biggest in the southern Brazil. The Unimed health plan has over 45,000 clients & 300,000 users in Cascavel region.The cost of oncology drugs from 2003 to 2007 at two cancer treatment centers in the region was analyzed. The results showed a progressive increase in the expenses at these centers.Over the period of 5 years, the claims for oncology drug increased 4 fold in one center, and an astronomical 13 fold in the other center. By 2007 the total cost of oncology drugs exceeded US$ 600,000 & US$ 1 million in these 2 oncology centers. Details of the population treated, average cost per patients etc over this period will be presented in the full poster.While only about 20% (40 million) of the population of Brazil are covered by such private health plans, the dramatic increase of cancer treatment costs seen within this health plan of a single patient population puts in perspective the concerns and funding pressures facing health plans in Brazil, and perhaps the rest of the world.There is a need for more robust pharmacoeconomic studies to provide clearer treatment guidance and for formulating healthcare policies, so that patients receive better treatment outcomes. A comprehensive Health Technology Assessment processes may also help to streamline how private and state health plans cover such newer treatments, thereby enabling them to provide optimal level of care and services to their patients.In conclusion, these local Brazilian data confirms that escalating cost of cancer treatment is also a reality in the developing world. Without the support of strong health economic data, it may become increasingly challenging for cancer patients in Brazil to have access to these newer cancer medications.

Advisory group on Home-based and Outpatient Care (AdHOC): an international consensus statement on non-inpatient parenteral therapy

Advisory group on Home-based and Outpatient Care (AdHOC): an international consensus statement on non-inpatient parenteral therapy

Pharmacoeconomic studies of atypical antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia

The pharmacoeconomic evaluation of atypical antipsychotics for patients with schizophrenia requires focus on both clinical and quality of life effects and impact on the cost of medical resources. The results of pharmacoeconomic studies help clinicians and health care decision makers identify treatments that provide the most benefit to patients at the most acceptable cost. The cost-effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs has been evaluated using noncontrolled, mirror-image (i.e. retrospective/prospective) cohort study designs; clinical decision analysis models; and randomized clinical trials. The current pharmacoeconomic evidence suggests that clozapine is a cost-effective therapy for neuroleptic-refractory schizophrenia and that although olanzapine and risperidone therapy may be cost neutral, they improve outcome in patients treated for schizophrenia.