Results Of Microbiological Examination Research Articles

Unusual course of mastitis in the mare in the course of strangles resulting in autoamputation of the mammary gland – a case report

Inflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is not a common disease in mares. Moreover, abscessation of the mammary gland is rare, and the pathogenesis of abscessation is not fully understood. As a rule, in such cases, intensive antibiotic therapy is required, combined with the rinsing of the abscess, and in cases of botryomycosis, the mammary gland must be surgically removed. The case described here concerns a six-yearold mare with right-sided mastitis and typical signs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. The bacteria were sensitive to a number of antibiotics, including penicillin. Before the results of microbiological examination were obtained, the mare was treated with sulfamerazine 25 g/day, trimethoprim 5 g/day (per os) and gentamicin at a dose of 5.5 mg/kg (i.v.), as well as with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite the treatment, the mare’s condition began to deteriorate (loss of appetite, leukocytosis, enlargement and rupture of the mandibular lymph nodes, reluctance to move and cracking of the udder skin with purulent discharge). Then, procaine penicillin was administered at a dose of 6000 mg/day i.m. The mare’s condition began to improve, but large amounts of pus continued to ooze from the cracks in the skin of the udder, and on the sixteenth day after penicillin administration, the affected part of the gland underwent spontaneous autoamputation. Inspection of the wound after the autoamputation of the right part of the mammary gland showed no remains of abnormal tissue. The etiological agent and the signs of the disease indicate that an abscess of the right side of the mammary gland was formed in the course of strangles. The formation of abscesses in various parts of the body, including the mammary gland, is not unusual in the course of strangles. What is unusual, however, is the autoamputation of the mammary gland. The mare was discharged home within a few days of the autoamputation, and no further complications were reported.

Anatomical Pathology and Histology of the Trachea and Lungs of Broiler Infected with Avibacterium paragallinarum

This case study aims to determine the causes of pathological changes in anatomy and histology in the trachea and lungs of the broiler. This study was taken from a broiler of Mr Alif Husbandry, who had clinical symptoms of clear discharge from sinuses, anorexia, conjunctivitis and difficulty breathing on July 5th 2022, in Gresik. The anatomical pathology and histological examination results showed changes in the trachea and lungs, showing hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration. The results of microbiological examination from the sinus swab identified Avibacterium paragallinarum. In this study, clinical symptoms, anatomical pathology, and histology of the trachea and lungs of broiler chickens were caused by infection with Avibacterium paragallinarum.

The use of procalcitonin in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses

The results of treatment of 79 patients with pyogenic liver abscesses (AP) were analyzed. Sepsis was diagnosed in 10 (16.1%) patients. Procalcitonin (PCT) levels were used to diagnose sepsis. The duration of antibacterial therapy (ABT) was based on the determination of PCT and the patient's clinical condition. The decision to prescribe or abstain from ABT should be reviewed within the next 6-24 hours based on the patient's clinical condition and PCT level. These values ​​should also be taken into account in the decision-making process regarding the duration of ABT, as well as the clinical course of the disease. There were no fatalities in the treatment of AP.
 Purpose of the study. To determine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of procalcitonin in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses.
 Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 79 patients with pyogenic liver abscesses were analyzed. The mean age of patients was 48.4 ± 4.7 years, with men predominating (62.9%). The inclusion criterion was the presence of pyogenic liver abscesses, the exclusion criteria were cholangiogenic and specific abscesses. The main group consisted of 44 patients who received comprehensive conservative therapy, taking into account antibacterial treatment, the duration of which was determined by determining the level of PСT. Patients in the control group (35 patients) did not differ from the main in age, sex, comorbidities, severity of the disease and the results of microbiological examination, but received conventional ABT.
 Results. Carrying out adequate combined antibiotic therapy in patients with AP by determining PKT, along with surgery, reduced the recovery time of patients: 2-3 days normalization of body temperature (t = 5.66176; P <0.000001) and leukocyte formula (t = 8,56860; P <0,000001) patients of the main group compared with control patients
 Conclusion. Conducting ABT by determining the level of PСT contributed to a probable reduction in the length of stay in the hospital for 3 days (t = 3.95561; P = 0.000116).

Визначення здатності до плівкоутворення штамів s. aureus, виділених із верхніх дихальних шляхів

Millions of people have died from acute infections in the past century, but they have been effectively fought through the development of modern vaccines, antibiotics and infection control measures. Chronic infections are slower than acute infections, and the symptoms are often vague, difficult, and sometimes impossible to cure with antibiotics. Important signs of chronic biofilm infections are extreme resistance to antibiotics and many other common antimicrobials, as well as the extraordinary ability to avoid the host’s defenses. One such disease is chronic inflammatory lesions of the tonsils, the main infectious agents of which are gram-positive cocci, strains Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. The purpose of the study of the ability of strains of Staphylococcus aureus to form a biofilm isolated from the surface of the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract of children. Clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria obtained from the oropharynx of 32 children with tonsils affected by the inflammatory process at the age of 4-12 years (median – 7) were studied. The results of microbiological examination of biomaterial obtained from children with chronic inflammatory lesions of the tonsils showed that in 32 samples 25 strains of S. aureus were identified, 12 of them (48%) are capable of forming a biofilm, and 13 strains (52%) (not adhesive) are not had this ability. The study of the dynamics of biofilm formation by selected strains of S. aureus showed an increase in optical density (OS) during three days of cultivation, ranging from 0.143

INVESTIGATION OF SPECIES COMPOSITION OF MICROFLORA IN PERIODONTAL POCKETS IN PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

Among dental diseases, periodontal diseases rank one of the leading places and are considered as the most pressing issues of modern dentistry. The presence of concomitant somatic pathology, in particular, cardiovascular, endocrinological, autoimmune diseases is an important factor that considerably determines the course and prognosis of periodontal disease. Metabolic syndrome is regarded as an urgent social and medical issue due to its high prevalence among the general population and its contribution to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. The number of reports and scientific interest in the metabolic syndrome has grown up significantly in recent years, but despite the significant number of studies, the oral microbiome in patients with periodontal disease and underlying metabolic syndrome is still remaining insufficiently studied. The aim of this work was to investigate the species composition of the microflora in periodontal pockets and the frequency of excretion of certain types of microorganisms in the acute generalized periodontitis in patients with metabolic syndrome. A microbiological study was performed in 30 people with metabolic syndrome and generalized periodontitis, who formed the main group, and in 30 people with generalized periodontitis without endocrinological pathology, who formed a comparison group. The results of microbiological examination indicate pathological changes in the oral microbiome in the patients with metabolic syndrome demonstrating a predominance of periodontal pathogens. It can be assumed that the components of the metabolic syndrome can initiate and support microbial invasion thus resulting in the inflammatory reaction of periodontal tissues. There is a similarity between pathogenetic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease that lead to the impairment of all types of metabolism: protein, lipid, mineral, carbohydrate. As a consequence, this contributes to the progressive destruction of oral tissues. The obtained data enable to suggest the dependence between the presence of the patient's metabolic syndrome and the development of intensive damage to periodontal tissues.

Monitoring of opportunistic microflora in secondary respiratory infections of HIV-infected patients

Objective: to evaluate the results of microbiological examination of sputum of HIV-infected patients with pneumonia clinic.Materials and methods. The analysis of microbiological results of sputum in 850 patients who were treated with pneumonia at the Infectious Clinical Hospital № 1 from 01.01.2012 to 01.01.2019.Results and its discussion. Gram-positive cocci were recorded in sputum in patients with HIV infection in 76,7±2,2% of cases. The growth of Staph. aureus noted in 20,1±2,0% of cases and was associated with the presence of sepsis and septic pneumonia. Staphylococcus epidermidis detected in sputum in 0,5±0,4% of HIV-positive patients with angiogenic sepsis. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated in sputum in 2,3±0,8% of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Str. pneumoniae was detected in 2,6±0,8% of cases. A common finding in the study of sputum in patients with HIV infection were viridans group Streptococci (50,3±2,6%). Gram-negative aerobic non-spore-forming bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 5,2±1,1%, Enterococcus faecalis in 3,1±0,9% of confirmed cases of pneumonia. Klebsiella pneumonia was confirmed in 11,5±1,6% of patients. Microbial association was noted in 24,1±1,7% of isolates; associations in combination with Staph. aureus were more common in 54,5±4,1% of HIV-infected patients with the clinic of community-acquired pneumonia.Conclusion. In patients with HIV infection with lung damage, it is necessary to collect biological material for microbiological examination, which will affect the further tactics of patient management.

Antibacterial therapy of pyogenic liver abscesses

Purpose of the study. To study the features of the microbial landscape, to develop an algorithm for antibacterial therapy in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses. Prove the effectiveness of the developed algorithm in the treatment of such patients.
 Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 79 patients with pyogenic liver abscesses were analyzed. The mean age of patients was 48,4 ± 4,7 years, with men predominating (62,9%). The inclusion criterion was the presence of pyogenic liver abscesses, the exclusion criteria were cholangiogenic and specific abscesses. The main group consisted of 44 patients operated on minimally invasive technologies based on modern diagnostic methods. They received a comprehensive conservative therapy, which took into account antibacterial treatment according to the developed algorithm. The tactics of surgical treatment of 35 patients in the control group did not differ from the main one. The groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, comorbidity, severity of the disease and the results of microbiological examination.
 Results. The number of inoculations of microorganisms from the purulent center was dominated by monoinfection – 86,4–88,6% of cases, which was mostly aerobic. Most of them were facultative anaerobic bacteria of the genus Enterobacteriaceae, namely Kl. pneumoniae – 34,1–40,1%. Less than a quarter of patients (11,4–13,6%) isolated cultures are represented by microbial associations – aerobic-anaerobic and aerobicaerobic. However, aerobic-aerobic infection prevailed – 75,0–83,3%. MRSA strains of staphylococci were isolated in 5,7–6,8% of patients. Treatment began on the first day of hospitalization. Empirical treatment was immediately prescribed, followed by antibiotic replacement, if necessary, based on the results of microbiological examination and determination of the sensitivity of the isolated cultures. According to microbiological studies, in patients with AP most of the isolated microorganisms (71,4–90,9%) were sensitive to linezalide and taigecycline. These antibacterial drugs were reserve drugs and were prescribed in extremely severe cases in the absence of sensitivity to other drugs. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated by clinical data and improvement of laboratory parameters (normalization of body temperature and leukocyte formula).
 Conclusion. Carrying out adequate combined antibiotic therapy for patients with AP according to the developed algorithms, along with surgery, allowed to reduce the recovery time of patients: for 2–3 days normalization of body temperature (t = 5,66176; P < 0,000001) and leukocyte formula (t = 8, 56860; P < 0,000001) patients of the main group in comparison with control patients. In turn, this contributed to a probable reduction in the length of stay of the patient in the hospital for 3 days (t = 3,95561; P = 0,000116).

Modern approaches to antibacterial therapy in purulent and necrotic complications of diabetes

Background. The incidence of purulent and necrotic complications (PNC) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is 3 times higher than in people without diabetes, and the duration of treatment is 2 times longer. The reasons for this include loss of sensitivity, which increases the risk of injury; autonomic neuropathy with the formation of skin cracks, which increase the likelihood of infection; motor neuropathy with the development of keratoses and deformities; disorders of the circulation (in both main arteries and in microcirculation).
 Objective. To describe modern approaches to antibacterial therapy (ABT) in PNC of DM.
 Materials and methods. Analysis of literature data on this topic; own research. The study involved 149 patients with diabetic foot who underwent 198 surgeries. 75 patients were admitted with diabetes decompensation. Main group patients (n=45) were prescribed a balanced infusion (Gekodez, Xylate, Gluxyl) and ABT (Leflocin 750, Linelid, Brakson (all medication produced by “Yuria-Pharm”) according to the indications), and the control group patients (n=30) ere prescribed standard infusion therapy and ABT.
 Results and discussion. In diabetes, purulent infection leads to decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism, and the latter, in turn, worsens the course of purulent infections. 1 ml of pus inactivates 12-15 U of insulin (endogenous or exogenous). The main types of PNC in patients with diabetes include purulent and inflammatory diseases of the skin and adipose tissue, mastitis, parotitis, arthritis, pleurisy, peritonitis, paraproctitis, diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). DFS is a specific symptom complex of foot lesions in diabetes. Its pathogenesis is based on the diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy, peripheral neuropathy of the lower extremities, and osteoarthropathy. There are 3 clinical forms of DFS: neuropathic and infected, ischemic and gangrenous, and mixed. Each hour 55 amputations of the lower extremities are performed globally due to DFS. The main treatment for patients with stage III-V DFS is surgery, which should be supplemented with ABT. The initial empirical ABT should affect the full range of potential pathogens. A combination of several antibiotics with a synergistic effect is used; correction is performed in 72 hours after receiving the results of microbiological examination. For infections that do not threaten limb amputation, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, cephalosporins of the first generation are prescribed. In case of infections that threaten limb amputation, it is advisable to prescribe fluoroquinolones in combination with lincosamides, ampicillin/sulbactam, cephalosporins of the second generation; with the addition of metronidazole. For life-threatening infections, tienams, vancomycin + aztreonam + metronidazole, clindamycin + ampicillin/sulbactam are prescribed. In addition to the antibacterial power of the drug, its ability to penetrate into the infection focus has a great impact. It was shown that when 750 mg of levofloxacin was administered 120-150 min before necrectomy, its concentration along the cut-off line exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for 90 % of bacteria. The advantages of fluoroquinolones also include a high degree of bactericidal activity, a wide range of antimicrobial action, and a long half-life. After fluoroquinolones intake, a kind of “sugar crisis” can occur with changes in blood glucose levels. Its mechanism is still unclear. 80 % of all cases of impaired glucose homeostasis on the background of fluoroquinolones occur with the use of gatifloxacin. Leflocin (“Yuria-Pharm”) is a third-generation fluoroquinolone that has the least effect on carbohydrate metabolism among all drugs in its class. At a dose of 750 mg Leflocin can be used once a day. Staphylococcus aureus is the leading pathogen in DFS. The prevalence of its methicillin-resistant strains is increasing and currently is about 15-30 %. Linezolid (Linelid, “Yuria-Pharm”) – a synthetic antibiotic used to treat severe infectious processes caused by gram-positive bacteria resistant to other AB – is the drug of choice in case of detection of such strains. Linezolid provides effective concentrations in the inflammatory focus in DFS. If the DFS infection is caused by gram-negative bacteria, it is advisable to prescribe tobramycin (Brakson, “Yuria-Pharm”) – a natural aminoglycoside of the third generation for parenteral and local treatment. According to the results of our own study, combined infusion therapy and ABT was accompanied by significantly fewer cases of loss of consciousness than standard treatment (4.2 % vs. 10.8 %; p=0.025), acute renal failure (4.72 % vs. 10 %; p=0.031), the average score of pain on a visual-analog scale (3.12 vs. 4.25 points; p=0.042), the duration of inpatient treatment after surgery (25.8 vs. 36.1 days; p=0.029).
 Conclusions. 1. Modern ABT in patients with DM and PNC should be comprehensive and affect the main links in the pathogenesis. 2. The choice of antibiotic should be made taking into account the degree of penetration of the drug into the focus of the pathological process and the sensitivity of microorganisms. 3. In case of PNC of DFS it is reasonable to use Leflocin (gram-positive flora), Linelid (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus), Brakson (gram-negative flora).

Models of experimental pseudomonas keratitis: microbiological and clinical aspects

Annotation. Over the last ten years, there has been an increase in the incidence of bacterial keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, associated with contact lenses use. Certain features of the course of such keratitis, the mechanisms of corneal damage, the factors that affect the severity and depth of tissue destruction remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of our work was to model experimental pseudomonal keratitis in rabbits using different methods of infection and to investigate the microbiological and clinical aspects of keratitis depending on the method of infection. As a result of the study, we were able to reproduce superficial and deep keratitis with different methods of infection. Our proposed method cornea infection with bacterial films on a contact lens allowed to reproduce severe keratitis with a longer release of the pathogen from the surface of the affected cornea. It was also found that the results of microbiological examination of the material from the affected eye do not correlate with the course of severe keratitis: negative results of microbiological examination did not demonstrate the elimination of the pathogen from eye tissues, which deepens into corneal tissues, that was proved with microbiological examination of the cornea autopsy samples. These models of experimental keratitis can be used to study the pathomorphology, and pathophysiology of the keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as to conduct experimental research of new antimicrobials and improve current guidelines for treatment of this pathology.

Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: a current view on diagnosis and therapy (literature review)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent lower genital tract disease in women of reproductive age (both pregnant and non-pregnant) and the most common cause of vaginal discharge and foul odor from the genital tract. To date, there is a lot of literature describing many different approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of BV during pregnancy. BV is common, and its precise prevalence varies widely depending on the patient population. Studies confirm that the prevalence of BV among pregnant women is the same as in the population of non-pregnant women, and ranges from 6 to 32%. The link between BV and a patient’s ethnicity, smoking, sexual behavior and douching was established. BV is more prevalent among African American women, smokers, sexually active women compared to virgins and those who use douching. Diagnosis of BV is based on clinical symptoms and the results of microbiological examination. Diagnostic criteria are the same for pregnant and non-pregnant women. If BV is confirmed, treat-ment is indicated. In most international guidelines on sexually transmitted infections, the use of either metronidazole 500 mg orally 2 times a day for 7 days, or clindamycin 300 mg orally 2 times a day for 7 days are recommended for the prevention of adverse obstetric outcomes. BV is considered as the risk factor for adverse obstetric outcomes, such as premature birth, premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous abortion, chorioamnionitis and postpartum infections, such as endometritis and infectious compli-cations in the area of the postoperative wound after cesarean section. Pregnant women with symptoms of BV are advised to be screened and treated to eliminate the symptoms. Treatment with oral or local antibiotics is acceptable to achieve recovery (cure) in pregnant women with a symptomatic course of BV and a low risk of adverse obstetric outcomes. Women without symptoms of BV and women without identified risk factors for preterm birth should not be routinely screened and treated for BV, while patients with an increased risk for premature birth may benefit from routine screening and treatment for BV.

МЕСТНЫЙ ИММУННЫЙ СТАТУС И ЭТИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ ПРИ ПАРАТОНЗИЛЛИТАХ

Paratonsillitis is one of the most common purulent inflammatory diseases, considered as a manifestation of chronic tonsillitis. The aim of the work is to study the state of local immunity by the level of immunoglobulin A in saliva in patients with paratonsillitis and its changes in the treatment process, to determine the level of antistreptolysin-O in serum, as well as to study the etiological factors of paratonsillites in the microbiological assessment of the species composition of flora in smears from the cavity of paratonsillar abscess. Under our observation there were 152: 32 healthy people and 120 patients with paratonsillitis under abecedarian or abscess stage. It was found that in patients with paratonsillitis there is a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the level of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva, which indicates a violation of local immunity and requires correction. The level of antibodies to streptolysin-O in the serum of patients with paratonsillitis was significantly - 10.25 times higher than in healthy individuals in the control group, which confirms the high streptococcal antigenic load. The results of microbiological examination of smears from the abscess cavity indicated the release of the most frequent pathogens of paratonsillites - Streptococcus β-haemolythicus, Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Staphylococcus Aureus, with bacterial associations prevailing (63.5%). After a course of antimicrobial therapy, supplemented with immunomodulatory agents in the form of bacterial lysates, there was an increase in the level of secretory IgA in saliva in 10-30 days in 3.3-4.5 times. At the same time, the level of antistreptolysin-O significantly decreased. In patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy in the form of bacterial lysates in the complex treatment of paratonsillitis, for the period of observation of 6 months, there was a decrease in the frequency of relapses of the disease by 2 times.

Ecological state of colon cavitary microbiota in patients with chronic course of viral hepatitis c

The article presents results of microbiological examination of 72 samples of colon contents of patients with chronic hepatitis C (control group is consisted of 87 samples of colon contents of the healthy people) and studied ecological changes in taxonomic composition of the investigated biotope. It has been established that patients with chronic hepatitis C form a tendency to elimination of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli from colon cavity (decrease in the index of constancy on 9.94 % and frequency of occurrence on 57.14 %), as well as Eubacteria (on 3,88 % and by 2 times, respectively) and an increase in the persistence of Peptostreptococci, Clostridia, Proteus, Staphylococci and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, which creates conditions for contamination and persistence in the investigated biotope of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic Enterobacteria (EPEC, E. coli Hly+, E. coli Lac-, Cytrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia), Peptococcus.

Ecological state of colon cavitary microbiota in patients with chronic course of viral hepatitis c

The article presents results of microbiological examination of 72 samples of colon contents of patients with chronic hepatitis C (control group is consisted of 87 samples of colon contents of the healthy people) and studied ecological changes in taxonomic composition of the investigated biotope. It has been established that patients with chronic hepatitis C form a tendency to elimination of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli from colon cavity (decrease in the index of constancy on 9.94 % and frequency of occurrence on 57.14 %), as well as Eubacteria (on 3,88 % and by 2 times, respectively) and an increase in the persistence of Peptostreptococci, Clostridia, Proteus, Staphylococci and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, which creates conditions for contamination and persistence in the investigated biotope of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic Enterobacteria (EPEC, E. coli Hly+, E. coli Lac-, Cytrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia), Peptococcus.

Lactococcus lactis, causative agent of an endocarditis valvularis and parietalis thromboticans in the allis shad, Alosa alosa (L.).

Since the 1940s, the anadromous allis shad, Alosa alosa (L.), has suffered population declines throughout its distribution range in Europe. In context of EU-LIFE projects for the reintroduction of the allis shad in the Rhine system, a comprehensive study was started in 2012 to investigate infectious diseases occurring in allis shad. In course of the study, 217 mature and young-of-the-year allis shad originating from the wild population from the Gironde-Garonne-Dordogne system (GGD-system) and the Rhine system as well as 38 allis shad from the breeding population were examined by use of bacteriological and histological methods. In 2012 and 2014, an endocarditis valvularis thromboticans caused by a coccoid bacterium was detected in 16% and 25% of mature allis shad originating from the GGD-system. Results of microbiologic examinations, including biochemical characteristics, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, revealed Lactococcus lactis as causative agent of this infection. This is the first report of an endocarditis valvularis and parietalis thromboticans caused by Lactococcus lactis in fish. Possible sources of infection as well as the impact for the reintroduction programme are discussed.

IODINE DEFICIENCY AND PATHOLOGY OF THYROID GLAND AS A BACKGROUND STATE OF CANDIDIASIS OF MUCOSA OF THE UPPER PART OF DIGESTIVE TRACT

There were examined 119 patients of gastroenterological profile, who, according to the results of microbiological examination of scraping from tongue and biopsy material of digestive tract and stomach, were divided into three groups: 1 group – patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis and surface candidiasis of mucous tunic, 2 group – patients with invasion of Candida fungi in mucous tunic, 3 group – patients without oropharyngeal candidiasis and without growth of fungi in biopsy material. The status of iodine provision was studied in 78 persons. The results of research revealed that at structural changes of thyroid gland the dominating position in patients with candidiasis of mucous tunic occupies the nodular goiter– 29,31% and 36,36% for 1 and 2 group respectively, whereas in 3 group the frequency of nodular goiter was 11,76%, at that hyperplasia and nodular goiter in patients with fungi invasion in mucous tunic was revealed 2,6 times more often comparing with patients without candidiasis (χ2=4,01; р<0,05). In patients with oropharyngeal and surface candidiasis and invasive candidiasis of mucous tunic of the upper part of digestive tract the hard degree of iodine nutrition deficiency with thyroglobulin level higher than 40 ng/ml was revealed in more than half of cases. At that the frequency of hard iodine deficiency at fungi invasion in mucous tunic 4,2 times higher comparing with patients without candidiasis of mucous tunic (F=0,024; р<0,05). So, the concomitant comorbid state with pathology of thyroid gland and iodine deficiency is an aggravating factor in the course of candida infection that is necessary to be taken into account at clinical monitoring of patients with candidiasis of mucous tunic of the upper part of gastrointestinal tract.

The Influence of Ethanolic Extract of Brazilian Green Propolis Gel on Hygiene and Oral Microbiota in Patients after Mandible Fractures.

Maintenance of proper oral hygiene by dental plaque elimination is one of the most important factors affecting the healing process in postoperative oral wounds. Propolis is a substance produced by bees. Ethanolic extract of propolis has bactericidal, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Moreover, it can scavenge free radicals. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of a gel containing 3% of ethanolic extract of Brazilian green propolis (EEP-B) when used for maintaining oral hygiene in patients with postoperative oral mucosal wounds. The hygiene was assessed using API, OHI, and SBI followed by microbiological examinations. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of those who used a gel containing EEP-B for oral hygiene, and group 2 consisted of those who used a gel without EEP-B. Although improved oral hygiene was noted in both groups, the improvement was markedly greater in the group using gel containing EEP-B. Summing up the results of microbiological examinations, EEP-B has beneficial effect on mouth microflora in postoperative period. Propolis preparations used for oral hygiene allow eliminating microorganisms of pathogenic character and physiological flora microorganisms considered as being opportunistic, with no harmful influence on physiological microflora in oral ecosystem.

Nontuberculous Mycobacteriosis in Farmed Thread-sail Filefish <i>Stephanolepis cirrhifer</i>

In 2009 and 2010, unusually high mortality events were recorded among cultured populations of thread-sail filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Diseased fish exhibited abdominal distention and many white nodules filled with thick, pale-yellow material scattered on the surface of the serosae of internal organs and mesentery. Histopathologically, the disease was characterized by variable sized granulomatous lesions with central necrotic core surrounded by thin irregular arrangement of epithelioid cells and the outermost thin rim of connective tissue. The central part of granuloma showed colliquative necrosis with abundant cellular debris and some clusters of long-rods that were positive with Ziehl-Neelsen stain. From the results of microbiological examinations and simplified identification with DNA-DNA hybridization, two representative isolates collected in 2009 and 2010 were classified into rapidly growing “nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)” that closely related to Mycobacterium chelonae. A pathogenicity test using one of the isolates successfully reproduced the granulomatous lesions closely resembled to those in the spontaneous cases, suggesting that the rapidly growing NTM is pathogenic to the thread-sail filefish, and is a causative agent of the spontaneous case. This is the first report of the disease caused by a rapidly growing NTM in maricultured fish in Japan.

Dynamics of hematogenous dissemination of intestinal microflora in experimental acute destructive pancreatitis

The results of microbiological examination of haematogenous dissemination of intestinal microflora in the dynamics of experimental acute destructive pancreatitis are presented in the article. The species composition and population levels of contaminants have been determined. Based on the experimental study, contamination of portal blood within 24-48 hours of opportunistic enterobacteria and staphylococci in high and low systemic blood at the population level has been established.

اثر بسته بندی تحت خلاء بر ویژگی های شیمیایی، میکروبی و حسی فیله های ماهی سفید (Rutilus frisii kutum) نگهداری شده در یخ

All of the food products are required to be packaged due to hygienic regard, storage, suitable transportation and preservation of quality and vacuum packaging is one of the prevention methods of spoilage. Hence in this study, some of the quality factores changes of Rutilus frissi kutum fillets storaged in vacuum and air packages were examined during 18 days in ice alike total volatile base-nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, water holding capacity (WHC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), sensory characteristics and psychrophilic bacterial level. pH of the air packaged samples, rised with increasing psychrophilic bacterial load. Results of microbiological examination, indicated changes in bacterial of Rutilus frissi kutum fillets, has direct relation with sensory quality of packaged fillets in both vacuum and air packs, and shelf life and quality of vacuum packaged fillets was better as compared to air packaging, as cause fillets shelf life increase, 3 days more than air packaged fillets and effectively, controlled volatile bases-nitrogen level but alone was not able to controled lipid oxidation during ice storage. Therefore vacuum packaging cause shelf life time increase and better preservation of sensory, chemical and microbiological qualities of Rutilus frissi kutum fillets in ice. Keywords: Vacuum packaging, Shelf life, Rutilus frissi kutum

Optimal composition and heat processing requirements for canning of eggplant dip (Motabbal Al-bathinjan)

Twenty formulas of eggplant dip, motabbal al-bathinjan in Arabic (MB), using different percentages of grilled eggplant, tahina (sesame pulp), and yogurt with constant levels of salt and citric acid were prepared and evaluated for the overall acceptability. The formula composed of 84.2% pulp of peeled grilled eggplant and 14% tahina without the addition of yogurt was found the most acceptable. The cold point of the canned MB was found to be in the geometric centre of the can. Canning of MB was conducted using three time/temperature combinations at the centre (80°C/5 min, 85°C/4 min, and 90°C/3 min). It was found that all heat-processes applied resulted in a commercially sterile canned MB with a high sensorial quality, as evidenced by the results of microbiological examinations, incubation tests, and sensory evaluation. Based on Bacillus coagulans, that may grow and cause flat sour spoilage of canned MB, the sterilisation value (F<sub>100</sub>) was estimated of the whole heat-process from the filling till cooling to about 70°C.