Results Of Blood Pressure Measurements Research Articles

PENGARUH TELEHEALTH TERHADAP PENGENDALIAN TEKANAN DARAH

Hypertension is a chronic condition that attacks adults of all ages. Having an effective method or way to manage this condition is the key to successful treatment of hypertension. The design of this research is a cohort study that examines data on hypertensive patients obtained from health service databases. The research took place in October until December 2021. The inclusion criteria in this study were adults (≥45 years) with prehypertension and hypertension, residing in rural areas. An assessment was carried out on respondents who could access the telehealth application at home, and it was validated for monitoring blood pressure using mobile phone or other device with an internet connection that allows monitoring from the respondent's home and telehealth services. Respondents were asked to fill in the results of blood pressure measurements. Based on the results, 55 respondents (100%) carried out data collection. Linear regression analysis found an average reduction in systolic blood pressure of 19.2 mmHg. Respondents in the decreasing systolic blood pressure group had a higher frequency of self-measured blood pressure monitoring (OR = 0.85; 95% CI= 0.81 - 0.89; p = 0.002) than other patients. The use of telehealth at home combined with care management by health workers is considered effective in improving blood pressure control in hypertensive patients.

Pengaruh Senam Defansi terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah dan Kemandirian pada Lansia

Introduction. : Hypertension occurs in the elderly due to high intake of fat, sodium, smoking, lack of exercise, low sleep quality, and lack of physical activity. Prevention can be done by doing regular physical activity, reducing weight, diet management, limiting sodium, calcium and magnesium diets, reading healthy food labels, reducing stress and gymnastics. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of defansi exercise on blood pressure and independence of the elderly Methods: The research design in this study used experimental quasy design with pre and post control group design. The samples in this study were taken by consecutive sampling method as many as 25 respondents per group at PPRSLU Budi Sejahtera Banjarbaru. The independent variable in this study was defansi gymnastics, while the dependent variables were blood pressure and independence of the elderly. Data were analyzed through paired t tests. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the results of blood pressure measurements before and after defansi gymnastics was given in the intervention group, namely p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), while in the control group there was no significant difference in the results of blood pressure measurements before and after. With p= 0.203 (p > 0.05). In the independence variable, there was no effect of defansi gymnastics on independence in both the intervention group p = 0.075 (p > 0.05) and the control group p = 0.948 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There was an effect of defansi exercise on blood pressure in the intervention group, no effect of defansi exercise on blood pressure in the control group, and no effect of defansi exercise on independence in the intervention group and control group

Penapisan Hipertensi melalui Pelayanan Pengukuran Tekanan Darah bagi Warga Desa Kampung Baros Ciherang Pacet Paska Bencana Gempa Cianjur

Geographically, the archipelago Indonesia is located on the Ring of Fire which is the meeting point of many tectonic plates. This condition causes Indonesia to be prone to earthquakes. The West Java Cianjur earthquake in November 2022 was a 5.6 MW earthquake with a depth of 10 km, which was caused by the movement of the Cugenang fault. Ciherang Village in the Pacet sub-district, Cianjur is one of the villages affected by the Cianjur earthquake. Victims of natural disasters are physically, psychologically and socially faced with very complex situations and circumstances. These problems cause stress for all residents and can cause hypertension. The purpose of this Community Service activity is to help ease the mental burden of Ciherang villagers who were affected by the earthquake. It is hoped that through this blood pressure measurement activity, the hypertension status of residents can be known. The results of blood pressure measurements showed that 9.7% had high blood pressure (130-139/85-89 mmHg) and 37.1% of residents had hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg).

Senam Menuju Lansia Sehat dan Bugar

Old age is a natural process experienced by both men and women who have reached the age of 60 years and over. Aging means that you have experienced a process of decline both physically and mentally. The elderly can still be productive when they have a healthy and fit body. Health can be maintained through a balanced nutritional intake and through physical activities such as gymnastics. Efforts to prevent disease in the elderly can be carried out through health checks. As for the purpose of this activity, the elderly are expected to be able to live healthy and fit to carry out their daily life. Methods: carry out elderly exercise together followed by health education and blood pressure checks for elderly mothers and fathers at the Sumarah Sukomoro Nursing Home, totaling 31 people. The results of blood pressure measurement showed that 33.3% had pre-hypertension (BP 120-139mmHg), 20% had grade 1 hypertension (140-159 mmHg), and 13.3% had grade 2 hypertension (≥160 mmHg).

DESCRIPTION OF HYPERTENSION LEVELS IN PRIMARY HYPERTENSION ADULTS AND ELDERLY IN KARANGBINANGUN LAMONGAN DISTRICT

Introduction: Hypertension is often a silent killer because it is often without symptoms that warn of a problem. Symptoms that appear are often considered as common disorders, so that the victim is too late to realize that the disease is coming. Hypertension is an increase in blood pressure above normal limits with systolic value of 140 mmHg and diastolic value of 90 mmHg. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of hypertension in patients with primary hypertension in Karangbinangun Lamongan District. Method: This research design using descriptive with a population of 70 respondents then sampled using simple random sampling and get a sample of 64 respondents, in accordance with the inclusion criteria, are healthy patients and willing to sign the informed consent The variable in this study is the level of hypertension. The data of this study were taken from the results of blood pressure measurements by standards WHO. The data is tabulated in the form of frequency distribution by categorizing hypertension into mild, moderate and severe. Result: The results showed that half of the respondents (50%) had mild hypertension, 28.1% moderate hypertension and 21.9% severe hypertension. Conclusion: Seeing the results of this study, that there are still many people who have hypertension, so health education by health workers and family is needed to prevent recurrence.

EHealth as a united information space for doctors and patients

Background. The national primary healthcare system (PHS) includes 1939 institutions, 27.7 million patients, 24,607 doctors, 1122 pharmacies and 9395 pharmacists. The eHealth informational space was created to coordinate the work of the PHS.
 Objective. To describe the features and functioning of the eHealth informational space.
 Materials and methods. Analysis of the current situation regarding the work of eHealth.
 Results and discussion. An important function of eHealth is the transition to electronic prescriptions and electronic referrals to specialists under the medical guarantee program. Adopted in 2020 budget of this program amounted to 72 billion UAH, which was allocated to primary care, secondary, tertiary, emergency and palliative care, medical care for children, medical care for pregnancy and childbirth, medical rehabilitation. In total, UAH 1758 billion was spent on the diagnosis and treatment of oncological diseases, of which 80.7 % – on diagnosis and chemotherapy, and 29.3 % – on the diagnosis and radiation treatment. The eHealth system provides the cooperation between the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the National Health Service of Ukraine and medical institutions with medical information systems. Benefits of the united informational system include the elimination of paperwork, creating a united medical card of each patient, online registration for a doctor’s consultation, eliminating the possibility of drug receipt falsification, increasing the availability of telemedicine consultations, improving communication between healthcare professionals, planning and monitoring of strategic procurement. If the patient uses a smartphone, this informational space allows him to transmit his data (for example, the results of blood pressure measurements) through a mobile application to the telemedicine platform with their subsequent analysis and correction of prescriptions. Additional opportunities of the informational space include monitoring of drugs’ side effects, educational programs for doctors, and the possibility of creating professional communities.
 Conclusions. 1. The eHealth system enables Ukrainian doctors and patients to use electronic prescriptions and electronic referrals to the specialists. 2. Benefits of this informational system include the elimination of paperwork, the creation of a united medical card of each patient, online registration for a doctor’s consultation, improved communication between health professionals, improved planning of strategic procurement, etc. 3. The eHealth system includes a number of useful services for both doctor and patient.

RELATIONSHIP OF CHARACTERISTICS (AGE, SEX, LEVEL OF EDUCATION) WITH HYPERTENSION IN TRAINING OF HEALTHY FAMILY TRAINERS

Abstract:Background. Based on the results of the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013, the prevalence of hypertension is still high at 25.8%, so hypertension is still one of the public health problems in Indonesia. Objectives. This study aims to determine the relationship of characteristics (age, gender, and level of education) with hypertension in participants of the Training of Healthy Family Trainers. Methods. This type of research is cross-sectional with a sample of 30 people. Data collection by interview and blood pressure examination. Interviews were conducted to find out data about respondents' characteristics which included age, gender and level of education. Whereas for blood pressure measurements are carried out with sphygmomanometer. Data analysis using statistical test Spearman Rank Correlation Test. Results. Based on the results of blood pressure measurements obtained the following results, blood pressure in the normal category = 23.30%, prehypertension = 53.3%, hypertension first degree = 16.7%, second degree hypertension = 3.3% and severe hypertension = 6.7%. From the statistical test, the results of p=age = 0.961 p sex = 0.172 p = education level = 0.679 (p> 0.05). Discussion. Age, gender and education are not the sole factors causing hypertension. Therefore, to reduce hypertension, it is necessary to apply clean and healthy living behaviours Conclusion. There is no relationship between age, sex and level of education with hypertension. Recommendation. Providing a health examination room in the form of a health clinic, which is equipped with human resources (doctors, nurses, midwives, and nutritionists) Keywords: Hypertension, Age, Gender, Education Level, Rank Spearman Correlation

Differences in The Measurement of The Right And Left Form of Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients

Hypertension is one of the number one causes of death, globally. Hypertension is the most common cause of cardiovascular events and is a major problem in both developed and developing countries. Cardiovascular is also the number one cause of death in the world every year. Respondents in this study were patients with a diagnosis of hypertension in hospitalized patients at Mardi Rahayu Kudus Hospital, totalling 41 people. the characteristics of hypertension patient respondents seen from the age of the most patients are in the late adult age category (36-45 years), namely 31 people (75.6%), while for early adulthood (26-45 years). 35 years) as many as 10 people (24.4%). The characteristics of hypertension patient respondents seen from the sex of the most patients were male, namely 25 people (61.0%), while the female gender was 16 people (39.0%). Results The highest systolic blood pressure was 170 mmHg and the lowest was 145 mmHg. The average systolic blood pressure was 152.90 mmHg. In hypertensive patients on the left arm, the highest systolic blood pressure was 170 mmHg and the lowest was 145 mmHg. The average systolic blood pressure was 152.90 mmHg. Based on the dependent t-test, the t value is -12.491 with a p-value of 0.000. It can be seen that the p-value is 0.000 < (0.05), this indicates that there is a significant difference in the results of blood pressure measurements between the right arm and the left arm in hypertensive patients in the inpatient room of Mardi Rahayu Kudus Hospital. The difference in blood pressure variations obtained in this study is still considered normal because the difference in MAP between the right and left arms is 6.11 mmHg (normal 10-20 mmHg).

Analysis Of Work Climate And The Increase Of Blood Pressure Of Construction Workers In Pamekasan Regency

The excessive exposure of work climate can cause health problems to workers. One of the problems is a change in physiological response in the form of increased blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the work climate and the increase of blood pressure in construction workers in Pamekasan Regency. This study is a descriptive observational study with a cross sectional design. The contingency coefficient correlation test was used to analyze and determine the relationship of the variables. The subjects were 19 construction workers in Pamekasan Regency, East Java, Indonesia drawn from the population according to the specified criteria. To collect the data, several different instruments were used. Questtemp 36 was used to measure the workclimate, direct observation with the standard of SNI 7269-2009 was carried out to assess the physical workload and sphygmomanometer was used to measure the blood pressure. The blood pressure measurement was carried out the someone with the medical competence. The result of work climate exposure showed that most of workers (84.3%) were exposed to beyond-threshold-value work climate. The results of blood pressure measurement showed that (36.8%) workers showed abnormal blood pressure. The statistical analysis for the correlation of work climate and the increase in blood pressure showed a moderate correlation with the contingency coefficient value of 0.314. It is recommended for companies in this construction project to add blower fan to the working areas where the work climate exceeds the threshold limit value (TLV) as well as at workers’ resting places. In addition, companies are suggested to hold periodic health checks, especially routine blood pressure checks.

THE INFLUENCE OF CUCUMBER JUICE (Cucumis Sativus Linn) ON BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION IN HYPERTENSION PATIENTS AT SINDANG BARANG BOGOR

Introduction:In 2015 based on the WHO (World Health Organization) recorded it almost 1 billion people around the world have high blood pressure. Hypertension is one of the main causes of early mortality around the world. In 2020 around 1.56 billion adults will live with hypertension. Prevalence of hypertension for the population aged between 18 years and over in 2007 was 31.7% this is based on the results of blood pressure measurement of Riskesdas (Basic Health Research) in Indonesia 2013. Meanwhile, if we compared to 2013 there was a decrease as much as 5.9% (from 31.7% to 25.8%). In 2013 Riskesdas also recorded the incidence of hypertension in West Java was 13,612,359 people or 29.4%. Hypertension becomes the first sequence of disease outpatient on elderly patients throughout Puskesmas Bogor City with 99.260 (14,18%) cases. Purpose: This study aims to find out the effect of cucumber juice (cucumis sativus linn) towards the reduction of blood pressure for hypertension patients in Sindang Barang village of Bogor City. Methods:The type of this research is an experiment with quasy experimental design and non randomized pretest posttest control group. The population in this studies are all of the hypertension patients in Sindang Barang village of Bogor City, with 20 samples researched that using total sampling technique, and the retrieval to complete the material information were used interview techniques at the preliminary studied and observation sheet when the research was begin. Result:There is shown the differences result of the blood pressure before and after intervention group as 0.000 (P <0.05), and the differences in the results of the blood pressure before and after the control group as 0,564 (P> 0.05), and there were differences in the results of the blood pressure between the intervention group and the control group as 0.000 (P <0.05). Conclusion :There is an effect cucumber juice (cucumis sativus linn) towards the reduction of blood pressure for hypertension patients in Sindang Barang village of Bogor City. The results of this research might become knowledge for postoperative patients to reduce blood pressure by combining medical and non-treatment medical.

The Capacity of Examination of Сhildren by a Family Doctor, as a Factor in the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death

The objective: evaluate the prognostic value of the Ruffier test as an indicator of the functional reserve capabilities of the cardiovascular system in children and adolescents.Materials and methods. With a prevention purpose we examined children at the age of 13±3 years (21 boys), who train in the basketball section. All children underwent testing of the Ruffier breakdown and were assigned to the main group with an average Ruffier index of the group 3,0±0,2. At the time of the examination, everyone considered themselves healthy. Children underwent blood pressure measurements, ECG recording at rest, and ultrasound examination of the heart.Results. According to the results of an ECG study, one of the examined had single supraventricular extrasystoles. According to the results of blood pressure measurements in 3 patients (14,2%), hypertension was detected. Based on the results of ultrasound examination of the heart in children who were diagnosed with hypertension, concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle was revealed. It should be emphasized that the autonomic nervous system in children and adolescents prone to functional imbalances, this does not allow us to reliably judge the functional reserve of the heart based on fluctuations in heart rate.Conclusions. The capacity of the preventive examination, which is now being performed by a pediatrician or family doctor, did not allow to reveal heart pathology of any origin. The Ruffier test did not add information to the survey. We consider it appropriate to include the following diagnostic tests in the required scope of the examination:1. Measurement of blood pressure.2. ECG recording at rest.3. Ultrasound examination of the heart.4. Evaluation of the level of TSH and free T4.5. The study of lipid metabolism.6. General blood and urine tests.

ILLNESS REPRESENTATION PADA PASIEN DENGAN HIPERTENSI

Non-communicable diseases that cause the highest death in the world, one of which is hypertension. In Indonesia, the national prevalence of hypertension in the results of the 2013 Basic Health Research based on the results of blood pressure measurements by medical personnel reached 25.8%. Management of hypertension can be done in two categories, namely non-pharmacological and pharmacological. But in practice it can certainly cause boredom and stress because they have to obey the recommended diet program during his life. So that the portrayal of the patient's implicit beliefs about the illness he is suffering from or called Illness representation can influence the way the patient chooses to deal with his illness including self-management activities carried out by the patient. This study aims to determine the picture related to "Illness Representation in Patients with Hypertension. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to data collection using in-depth interviews, participant observation and documentation. Analysis of data using qualitative content analysis. This study produced 6 themes based on the research objectives. The resulting themes are: 1) understanding of hypertension, 2) perceived complaints, 3) causes of disease, 4) duration of illness, 5) complications that may arise, and 6) Control or treatment

Abdominal breathing affects blood pressure in hypertension sufferers

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for heart disease and stroke. This study was conducted to determine the effect of abdominal breathing on blood pressure in a hypertensive patient using the non-pharmacological treatment. This study used a pre-experimental method, which comprises of the one-group pre-test/post-test design. A total of 39 hypertensive respondents taken from a population in Wonokromo, Surabaya were chosen by using simple random sampling technique. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, with an assigned significance level of ɑ=0.05. The results of this study showed that before abdominal breathing, the systolic blood pressure was 146.41 mmHg, whereas the diastolic blood pressure was 117.43 mmHg. After performing abdominal relaxation, it was 135.64 mmHg and 87.95 mmHg, respectively. Moreover, the results of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed a p-value of 0.000, illustrating that the results of blood pressure measurement were different before and after conducting the abdominal breathing. Therefore, abdominal breathing is suspected of having the ability to decrease the blood pressure.

The potential impact of the hypovitaminosis D on metabolic complications in obese adolescents - Preliminary results.

Vitamin D deficiency is common in obesity; however, its contribution in the development of metabolic complications remains uncertain. The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between vitamin D status and metabolic complications. The results of blood pressure measurements, biochemical tests and ultrasound of the liver were compared in both groups. The study was conducted at the Children's University Hospital in Krakow, Poland. 30 obese adolescents (mean 13.23y.o.); 18 with 25OHD levels <20ng/mL, 12 with 25OHD>20 ng/mL. The vitamin D deficient group presented with significantly higher values of the diastolic blood pressure (125.9vs.115mmHg), uric acid level (384.7vs.301.5umol/L) and lower phosphorus level (1.4vs.1.65mmol/L), higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (44vs.8.3%), and liver steatosis (25vs.8.3%); lower, but not significantly, levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 and fibroblast growth factor 19. Hypovitaminosis D in obese adolescents is associated with higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, liver steatosis, elevated serum uric acid and low phosphorus levels. The potential contribution of the fibroblast growth factor 23 and fibroblast growth factor 19 in these complications development needs further investigation.

Arterial hypertension in the view of a patient

Background. At the present time there are no objective methods that enable definition of the mechanisms of blood pressure elevation in a particular patient. Objective. Based on the results of blood pressure and heart rate measures to find new additional features that could help a differentiated management approach. Design and methods. Literature analysis, model formation and analysis, statistical analysis were performed. Results. The new criteria based on the measurements of blood pressure and heart rate are offered. A new way of reporting the results of blood pressure measurements, and a new computer program for analyses observations with the probability characteristics are offered. Conclusions. The present result can be used for the assessment of blood pressure dynamics, and for check-up of the working hypotheses.

Notkun sólarhringsblóðþrýstingsmælinga í heilsugæslu

To study the use of ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) in primary care in Iceland. All patients who had ABPM done during the period from 1st of June 2008 till 31st of May 2010 at three health care centers comprised the study group. Medical records of these patients were examined and information about previous diagnosis of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, smoking habits and drug prescriptions along with results of blood pressure measurements were registrated. A total of 205 ABPM were done during the study period. Mean age of the patients was 54 years ±15.1, the youngest being 18 and the oldest 87 years old. The study group comprised 119 (58%) women and 86 men (42%). The ABPM was done as a part of follow-up of hypertension in 112 (55%) cases, but among 93 patients it was used as an aid in the diagnosis of hypertension. The study showed that 88 (41%) were defined as dippers. The ABPM did not result in a change of treatment in 14% of cases, among 19% of subjects antihypertensive treatment was initiated whereas 16% did not require any treatment; in 6% of cases the antihypertensive treatment was reduced while in 13% it was necessary to increase the treatment. We conclude that ABPM is a very useful tool in primary care settings, both to improve diagnosis and the treatment of hypertension.

Number of blood pressure measurements needed for screening of hypertension in children and adolescents

Background Routine blood pressure assessment is recommended because childhood hypertension is significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. However, results of blood pressure measurements in children are highly variable, associated with the risk of under or over-diagnosing in hypertension.Objective To assess the optimal number of measurements to screen elevated blood pressures in children and adolescents.Methods This study used two sets of data, i.e. a dataset from 104 obese and non-obese, male and female primary school-children, and a dataset from 79 obese female adolescents. Blood pressure (BP) was measured using standard techniques described by the fourth report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) Working Group on Children and Adolescents. Elevated BP was defined as systolic and diastolic BP at or above the 90th percentile for gender, age, and height.Results BP measurements taken on day-one were significantlyhigher than those taken on day-two and three. This led tohigher prevalence of elevated BP when only one measurementwas performed. Using the average of two measurements in twooccasions detected elevated blood pressure with specificity andpositive predictive value (PPV) ranged from 0. 74 to 1.0 and 0.58to 1.0, respectively.Conclusions It is necessary to measure blood pressure repeatedly to minimize the risk of over-diagnosing in hypertension in children and adolescents. Using the average of three measurements in three visits is recommended, but drawing conclusions based on two measurements in two occasions have yielded sufficiently high specificity.

Can the pressor response accompanying blood pressure measurement be limited in young, normotensive women?

A decrease in blood pressure (BP) values observed over consecutive measurements may lead to significant discrepancies, affecting individual diagnostic and therapeutic decision making. The goal of the study was to assess whether it was possible to limit or eliminate the tendency for BP values to decline in successive measurements. In a group of 148 normotensive women aged 21.6+/-1.5 years, two series (S1, S2) consisting of three brachial BP measurements each (I, II, and III) were performed, using an Omron 907 oscillometric manometer. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) was higher in measurement I than in II and III, in both S1 and S2: S1-I: 114.9+/-10.5 vs. S1-II: 112.6+/-9.9, P<0.00003, vs. S1-III: 111.0+/-9.6, P<0.000001; S2-I: 111.5+/-9.8 vs. S2-II: 110.1+/-9.1 P<0.007, vs. S2-III: 110.1+/-9.2, P<0.0008. Furthermore, measurement II was higher than III in S1 (P<0.002). Similarly, diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) was higher in measurement I than in II and III, in both S1 and S2: S1-I: 68.3+/-8.4 vs. S1-II: 67.3+/-8.7, P<0.008, vs. S1-III: 65.7+/-8.7, P<0.000001; S2-I: 66.6+/-8.3 vs. S2-II: 65.8+/-8.2, P<0.04, vs. S2-III: 65.7+/-8.7, P<0.02. Measurement II was again higher than III in S1 (P<0.00003). The common alerting reaction to BP measurements cannot be avoided in young, normotensive women, but it can be limited, as demonstrated by the results of BP measurements in S2. The simple procedure of automatic cuff inflation and noninvasive, oscillometric BP measurement may carry an independent pressor effect, which corrupts the accuracy of BP measurements.

Comparison of routine care self-reported and biometrical data on hypertension and diabetes: results of the Utrecht Health Project

Information on the prevalence of diseases is commonly gathered by questionnaires. Although the method is relatively inexpensive and efficient as opposed to physical examinations, the validity of the information collected is often questioned. The objective of this study was to assess the value of biometrical data complementary to self-reported questionnaire information for estimating the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in the population at large and to examine factors that affect the accuracy of self-reporting. Baseline data of 4950 adult participants of the Utrecht Health Project, a community-based prospective cohort study, were used to calculate sensitivity and specificity of self-reported hypertension and diabetes with the results of blood pressure measurements and blood glucose levels, corrected for current medication use, as the reference standard. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which participants' characteristics independently predicted the accuracy of self-reports. Overall sensitivity was 34.5% for self-reported data on hypertension and 58.9% for diabetes, while overall specificity was high for both conditions (96.4 and 99.4%, respectively). The agreement between self-reported and biometrical data was higher for diabetes than for hypertension and varied per subgroup. The use of self-reported data to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes may lead to underestimated prevalence estimates and biased associations with risk factors due to differential misclassification. Adding biometrical measurements to self-reported questionnaire information will assure the validity of the data. The magnitude of the additional value of biometrical data depends on the condition studied and the characteristics of the population under investigation.

Familial aggregation of blood-pressure in newly born infants and their mothers.

The results of blood-pressure measurements in a group of 48 women and their newly born infants are reported. The systolic blood-pressure (SBP) was measured in the infants on the 2nd or 3rd day and on the 4th or 5th day after delivery. SBP in the infants was found to increase from the first measurement at the age of 2 or 3 days to the second measurement at the age of 4-5 days. No significant correlation was found between the SBP in the mothers and the recordings in the infants aged 2-3 days but highly significant correlation was found between the SBP in the infants at 4-5 days and both the SBP (r=0.54, p less than 0.001) and the diastolic blood-pressures (r=0.37, p less than 0.05) in the mothers. Familial aggregation of blood-pressure levels has thus been demonstrated in infants at an earlier age than previously reported.