Blood Examination Results Research Articles

Prediction of Survival in the Elderly Patients with Glioblastoma using Cumulative Inflammatory Markers Score

Abstract Objectives This retrospective study aimed to explore the prognostic effect of cumulative score based on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and fibrinogen in older adults diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM). Design Retrospective study. Setting Huashan Hospital. Participants Patients aged over 60 years and diagnosed with GBM between 2010 and 2017. Main Outcome Measures Results of preoperative routine biochemistry and coagulation blood examinations were reviewed from medical records. Overall survival (OS) was considered a period from first resection surgery until death. Progression-free survival (PFS) was considered a period from initial operation until the date of tumor progression demonstrated in brain magnetic resonance imaging or death from any cause. If no event occurred, the last follow-up appointment was the end of the observation for OS or PFS. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate survival curves, and prognostic factors were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 289 patients were included. Patients with higher levels of fibrinogen, NLR, and PLR had significantly shorter median OS (p = 0.001, p = 0.016, and p = 0.002, respectively) and PFS (p = 0.004, p = 0.022, and p = 0.009, respectively) compared with those with lower levels. Multivariate analyses showed a significant association between higher F-NLR-PLR score and reduced OS (adjusted hazard ratios [aHRs]: 1.356, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.009–1.822 for scores 1–2 compared with 0; 5.974, 95% CI 2.811–12.698 for score 3 compared with 0). Similarly, a significant association between higher F-NLR-PLR score and reduced PFS was observed (aHR: 1.428, 95% CI 1.066–1.912 for scores 1–2 compared with 0; aHR: 2.860, 95% CI 1.315–6.223 for score 3 compared with 0). Conclusion Higher F-NLR-PLR score is associated with reduced OS and PFS in older adults with GBM, which helps identify patients at high risk and guide the individualized treatment in clinical practice.

A Case of Syphilis Suspected Preoperatively as a Case of Tongue Cancer

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum (TP). We report a case of syphilis that was initially suspected as tongue cancer. An 86-year-old man consulted a neighborhood clinic with an approximately one-month history of pain in the right tongue. The result of scraping cytology of the tongue performed at the clinic was classified as class V, squamous cell carcinoma, and the patient was referred to our hospital. Physical examination revealed a mass on the right side of the tongue and a firm cervical mass. Biopsy revealed no evidence of malignancy; however, the imaging findings led to the suspicion of tongue cancer and lymph node metastasis. The results of blood examination revealed that the patient had syphilis, but since the patient showed few other symptoms, we decided to treat the infection after the planned surgery. We performed right partial glossectomy and neck dissection; however, the postoperative histopathology revealed no evidence of malignancy but nonspecific inflammatory changes with TP spirochetes. The incidence of syphilis has increased dramatically around the world, including Japan, during the last 20 years, and it no longer remains a rare disease. Therefore, syphilis should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral or cervical masses.

Simple Scoring System for Esophagogastric Varices Prediction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients without Liver Stiffness Evaluation

Introduction: For predicting esophagogastric varices (EGVs), the Virtual Baveno VII Consensus Workshop has proposed a combination of liver stiffness determination and platelet count measurement using a FibroScan^®. However, FibroScan^® is not available at all institutions. The present study aimed to develop a simple method to predict development of EGV using only general blood examination results. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,090 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were enrolled, after excluding 956 with major portal vein tumor thrombus (Vp3/Vp4) or without upper gastrointestinal endoscopy examination results available. Those with EGV (≥ grade F2) or a history of treatment for the condition were defined as positive for significant EGV, and then clinical factors were retrospectively evaluated to determine indicators of occurrence. Results: Logistic multivariate analysis showed platelet count (≤12 × 10⁴/μL) (odds ratio [OR] 3.79, p < 0.001), mALBI grade 2a (OR 1.52, p = 0.036), and mALBI 2b or 3 (OR 3.46, p < 0.001) as significant predictive factors. Based on the OR values, platelet count (≤12 × 10⁴/μL) and mALBI grade 2b/3 were each assigned 2 points and mALBI 2a was given 1 point, with the result termed recommendation for EGV screening (REGS) score. Significant EGV occurrence was noted in 2.9% (9/311) of the patients with a REGS score 0, 11.0% (13/118) with a score 1, 19.3% (53/274) with a score 2, 29.5% (39/132) with a score 3, and 38.0% (97/255) with a score 4 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings indicate that REGS score can provide useful predictive information for development of significant EGV without the need for special equipment such as a FibroScan^®.

Nutritional status, anemia status and application of the Mentzer index on complete blood examination results of students

Thalassemia is a disease that attacks the hemoglobin gene, causing disturbances in erythropoiesis. Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and the number of erythrocytes are below normal limits. The high number of anemia and thalassemia causes the need for early detection in order to prevent adverse effects in the future. Research objectives: to determine nutritional status, anemia status, and application of the Mentzer Index for SMK Muhammadiyah II Moyudan students. Methods: This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were first graders at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Moyudan. Venous blood samples were examined at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of FK-KMK UGM using the Sysmex XN-1000 tool on November 25, 2021. Data analysis used IBM SPSS Version 26 and Microsoft Office 365. Results: A total of 53 subjects participated in this study. A total of 47 (89%) respondents had normal hemoglobin values, and 6 (11%) respondents suffered from anemia. 31 (58.5%) respondents have normal nutrition, 15 (28%) respondents have less nutrition, 7 (13%) have excess nutrition, and 29 (54.7%) respondents have normal status. A total of 2 (3.8%) respondents showed Thalassemia. Conclusion: There are two students of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Moyudan diagnosed with thalassemia and five students diagnosed with anemia. No statistically significant difference exists between Anemia Status in Adolescents at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Moyudan and Nutritional Status. Further study is needed in wider and more diverse populations to analyze the influence of nutritional conditions on anemia in adolescents.

Serum vitamin D status in a cohort of infants with food protein‑induced gastrointestinal disease.

Increases in the prevalence of food allergy and vitamin D deficiency have been observed in recent years. The association between vitamin D levels and food allergy remains to be fully elucidated, and research focused on the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in infants with food protein-induced gastrointestinal disease in Chengdu, Sichuan is lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] insufficiency and sufficiency in infants with food protein-induced gastrointestinal disease. The present study also aimed to identify the potential predisposing factors of 25-(OH)D insufficiency. The present retrospective study analyzed data obtained from Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital spanning between June 2021 and February 2022. Children with a confirmed diagnosis of food protein-induced gastrointestinal disease were enrolled in the present study. Blood indicators, including serum 25-(OH)D, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE against allergens, and hemoglobin were measured during the course of the disease. Clinical characteristics of patients and blood examination results were obtained from the hospital electronic database. A total of 361 patients were included in the study group and 45 healthy individuals were included in the control group. The results of the present study demonstrated that serum 25-(OH)D levels of infants with protein-induced gastrointestinal disease were significantly lower compared with the control group. Notably, female participants with higher serum total IgE levels exhibited insufficient serum 25-(OH)D levels. However, the results of the logistic regression analysis revealed no predisposing factors associated with serum 25-(OH)D insufficiency. In conclusion, infants with food protein-induced gastrointestinal disease may exhibit a higher risk of low serum 25-(OH)D levels and this risk may be greater in females with higher total IgE.

Histological Assessment for the effect of deodorant blocker on the blood cells of albino rat

Twenty Rats were used in the present study to evaluate the effect of the deodorant blocker on the blood cells of the rat including the white blood cells and red blood cells. The animals were distributed into Group A control Five Rats and Group B Five treated animals. &#x0D; The animals were put in steel cages in the animal house of veterinary medicine college. water with food free putto animals the skin of whole animals was shaved at the dorsum and at the flank region, then deodorant blocker was applied daily by whipping those areas for 30 days continuously, otherwise the control group was applying the distill water on the shaved areas. After the end of the experiment, a drop blood from the tip of tail was obtained and spread on the slide for staining by Leishman stain. &#x0D; The results of blood examination were indicated release of the lymphocytes and monocytes percentage in comparison of control, also the certain number of RBCs indicated macrocytic, microcytic, incomplete hemoglobin ring and target cells as deformities of RBCs. In conclusions; the deodorant blocker induced imitation of immune system via increase the number of lymphocytes and monocytes which consider as main factors for immune response in cases of extrinsic insults.

ANALYSIS OF FASTING ON BLOOD TESTS

As a procedure to obtain information with bodily fluid samples, a laboratory test is complementary to a diagnostic assessment. One parameter of laboratory tests is hematology, for which a blood profile is used to evaluate clinical conditions and provide diagnostic information about hematological abnormalities, prognosis, and response treatment. Nowadays, accessibility to laboratory tests has been made easier with medical checkups integrated into the Occupational Health and Safety program, which a company is obliged to have to check on its employees’ health status. Our study analyzed the results of fasting blood tests on the employees of The College of Health Sciences of Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Cilacap. This College is known for the practice of Islamic and religious values, including fasting, among its employees. Taking the employees as a population and samples, the research included variables of levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in the descriptive analysis method. We gained eleven respondents, 8 males, and 3 females, and used a cluster sampling method with appropriate criteria. The data of obtained samples were analyzed and processed based on the interpretation of the results. The results of routine blood examinations on fasting showed 90.90% normal hemoglobin levels and 72.70% normal hematocrit levels. Conclusively, our results of the blood profile examination on hemoglobin and hematocrit in fasting people showed that fasting is metabolically healthy and produces no indication of anemia.

A clinical case of the use of a combination of cimicoxib and cyclophosphamide in metronomic mode in neoadjuvant therapy of complex breast carcinoma of a dog

The results of the use of a combination of cimicoxib and cyclophosphamide, in metronomic mode, in neoadjuvant therapy of complex breast carcinoma in dogs are presented. This treatment regimen allowed to achieve stabilization of the process, the volume of the tumor decreased by 60.77% of the indicators of the first day. The regression was 39.23%. According to the results of hematological blood examination, by the 90th day of therapy, the number of leukocytes decreased by 75.96%, lymphocytes by 79.67% and granulocytes by 75.64%, to reference values. The number of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin increased by 49.57% and 53.98%, respectively. There was an increase in the amount of hematocrit by 52.35% compared to the values of the first day before therapy. Biochemical parameters of blood serum by the end of drug therapy were within the reference values. There were no signs of hematological and general toxicity, according to the WHO scale, requiring corrective therapy, dose reduction or withdrawal of drugs.

Ability of minimally invasive surgery to decrease incisional surgical site infection occurrence in patients with colorectal cancer and other gastroenterological malignancies.

Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most important complications of surgery for gastroenterological malignancies because it leads to a prolonged postoperative hospital stay and increased inpatient costs. Furthermore, SSI can delay the initiation of postoperative treatments, including adjuvant chemotherapy, negatively affecting patient prognosis. Identifying the risk factors for SSI is important to improving intra- and postoperative wound management for at-risk patients. Patients with gastroenterological malignancies who underwent surgery at our institution were retrospectively reviewed and categorized according to the presence or absence of incisional SSI. Clinicopathological characteristics such as age, sex, body mass index, malignancy location, postoperative blood examination results, operation time, and blood loss volume were compared between groups. The same analysis was repeated of only patients with colorectal malignancies. A total of 528 patients (330 men, 198 women; mean age, 68 ± 11 years at surgery) were enrolled. The number of patients with diseases of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas were 25, 150, seven, 255, 51, five, and 35, respectively. Open surgery was performed in 303 patients vs. laparoscopic surgery in 225 patients. An incisional SSI occurred in 46 patients (8.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative hyperglycemia (serum glucose level ≥140 mg/dl within 24 h after surgery), colorectal malignancy, and open surgery were independent risk factors for incisional SSI. In a subgroup analysis of patients with colorectal malignancy, incisional SSI occurred in 27 (11%) patients. Open surgery was significantly correlated with the occurrence of incisional SSI (P = 0.024). Postoperative hyperglycemia and open surgery were significant risk factors for SSI in patients with gastroenterological malignancies. Minimally invasive surgery could reduce the occurrence of incisional SSI.

Difference between the blood samples of patients with bone and joint tuberculosis and patients with tuberculosis studied using machine learning.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease. Bone and joint TB is a common type of extrapulmonary TB and often occurs secondary to TB infection. In this study, we aimed to find the difference in the blood examination results of patients with bone and joint TB and patients with TB by using machine learning (ML) and establish a diagnostic model to help clinicians better diagnose the disease and allow patients to receive timely treatment. A total of 1,667 patients were finally enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to the training and validation cohorts. The training cohort included 1,268 patients: 158 patients with bone and joint TB and 1,110 patients with TB. The validation cohort included 399 patients: 48 patients with bone and joint TB and 351 patients with TB. We used three ML methods, namely logistic regression, LASSO regression, and random forest, to screen the differential variables, obtained the most representative variables by intersection to construct the prediction model, and verified the performance of the proposed prediction model in the validation group. The results revealed a great difference in the blood examination results of patients with bone and joint TB and those with TB. Infectious markers such as hs-CRP, ESR, WBC, and NEUT were increased in patients with bone and joint TB. Patients with bone and joint TB were found to have higher liver function burden and poorer nutritional status. The factors screened using ML were PDW, LYM, AST/ALT, BUN, and Na, and the nomogram diagnostic model was constructed using these five factors. In the training cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) value of the model was 0.71182, and the C value was 0.712. In the validation cohort, the AUC value of the model was 0.6435779, and the C value was 0.644. We used ML methods to screen out the blood-specific factors-PDW, LYM, AST/ALT, BUN, and Na+-of bone and joint TB and constructed a diagnostic model to help clinicians better diagnose the disease in the future.

Development of multiple intracranial aneurysms: beyond the common risk factors.

The prevalence of multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) has increased over the last decades. Because MIAs have been identified as an independent risk factor for formation, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs), a more profound understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of MIAs is needed. Therefore, the authors' extensive institutional aneurysm database was analyzed to elucidate differences between patients with a single IA (SIA) and those with MIAs. A total of 2446 patients seen with or for IAs at the University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany, from January 2003 to June 2016 were included in this retrospective cohort study and were separated into MIA and SIA subgroups. Patient data were screened for sociodemographic and radiographic parameters, preexisting medical conditions, and results of blood examinations. These parameters were analyzed for their correlations with MIAs and absolute number of IAs. MIAs were identified in 853 (34.9%) patients. In multivariable analysis, MIAs were independently associated with female sex (p = 0.001), arterial hypertension (p = 0.023), tobacco abuse (p = 0.009), AB blood group (p = 0.010), and increased admission values for C-reactive protein (p = 0.006), mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.009), and total serum protein (p = 0.034), but not with diagnostic modality (3D vs 2D digital subtraction angiography, p = 0.912). Absolute number of IAs was independently associated with female sex (p < 0.001), arterial hypertension (p = 0.014), familial predisposition to IA (p = 0.015), tobacco consumption (p = 0.025), increased mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.002), and high platelet count (p = 0.007). In this sizable consecutive series of patients with IAs, the authors confirmed the impact of common IA risk factors on the genesis of MIAs. In addition, specific hemorheological and hemocytological features may also contribute to the development of MIAs.

RS12574989 and haplotype associated with α/β-chain imbalance and population HbA2 reduction

Determining the associated relationship of genotype and phenomenon would benefit the understanding of disease and renew disease intervention means. 14,518 patients who underwent haemoglobin electrophoresis from June 2020 to December 2020 were enrolled in our study, and additional data including sex, age and routine blood examination results were collected. We focused on individuals with normal red blood cell indices and no common thalassemia pathogenic mutation and selected three groups for the following study: the control group (2.5% ≤ HbA2 ≤ 3.5%), the HbA2 under 2.5 group (HbA2 < 2.5%) and the HbA2 under 2.4 group (HbA2 < 2.4%). Four regions of β-globin regulation were sequenced. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the collected information of the three groups and the genotype distributions in the control group and sequenced group. The HbA2 under 2.5 group was characterized by a majority of females and lower red blood cell counts and haemoglobin compared with the control group. There were genotypes associated with the grouping as the T of rs12574989 and TTTAGC of the haplotype were significantly increased in the HbA2 under 2.4 group and CTTAGC was significantly decreased in the HbA2 under 2.4 group. This study demonstrated that the genotypes of the population associated with HbA2 were reduced in southern China.

Diagnostic Range Ionizing Radiation and Reactive Oxygen Species Production: an Initial Experience

Radiation is a common occurrence in our daily lives that comes from both natural and man-made sources. Ionizing Radiation (IR) causes damage either directly or indirectly through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, proteins, and many metabolites occurs through a complex series of processes that are enhanced by endogenous signalling which is activated by free radicals. Though literature is abundant on ROS and antioxidants at high doses, no study to the best of our knowledge has assessed the ROS levels after Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) examination (i.e. in diagnostic range radiation). The aim of the present study was to assess the production of ROS after diagnostic level radiation by MDCT examination and at 24 hour follow up. The study involved fifty patients posted for clinically indicated MDCT which were recruited. The average radiation dose was 2-9 mGy. Three blood samples were drawn, one prior to CT (control sample), within half an hour of CT (post CT) and 24 hrs after CT. 3 ml venous blood was withdrawn in aseptic conditions and immediately serum was isolated for ROS assessment. The blood examination results were compared in immediate and post 24 hour after MDCT and both were compared with control values and correlated with radiation parameters. Our results have shown a significant increase in ROS level in immediate post CT samples compared to prior CT scan samples (control) (p value &lt;0.0001). The ROS levels reduced at 24 hours compared to immediate post CT, however they were still higher than control values. Our findings reflect that there is a rapid increase in free radicals production in the mitochondria after diagnostic level radiation. Detection of higher ROS levels at 24 hours suggests incomplete repair with the presence of some residual oxidative species at 24 hours.

Precritical abnormalities in routine blood parameters in necrotizing fasciitis.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare and severe infectious disease that is often fatal and is characterized by the extensive necrosis of subcutaneous tissue and fascial planes. A number of clinical parameters have been intensively investigated to diagnose and assess the severity and prognosis of necrotizing fasciitis. Since it currently remains unclear whether these parameters are also abnormal before disease onset, the present study investigated this issue. We retrospectively recruited 38 patients, including 12 and 26 patients with necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis, respectively. The results of routine blood examinations were collected at disease onset and also at baseline, which was defined as the time point before disease onset. No significant differences were observed in age or sex between the necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis groups. However, significant differences were noted in the levels of hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, sodium, creatinine, albumin, D-dimer, and Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score at disease onset. Significant differences were also observed in the levels of hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet count, creatinine, D-dimer, and LRINEC score at baseline. Hemoglobin, platelet count, C-reactive protein, creatinine, albumin, and D-dimer levels were already abnormal at baseline in the necrotizing fasciitis group. In conclusion, the present results revealed precritical abnormalities in routine blood parameters in patients with necrotizing fasciitis. Therefore, individuals predisposed to necrotizing soft tissue infection may be identified prior to disease onset.

P689 Multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study on Epstein–Barr viral infection status and thiopurine use by age group in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Japan

Abstract Background The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly those using thiopurines, may be associated with the risk of lymphoproliferative disorder and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This was the first multicenter survey of EBV infection in Japanese patients with IBD (UMIN000033004). Factors related to the EBV infection status were also investigated. Methods This cross-sectional observational study of the EBV infection status in pediatric and adult patients with IBD was conducted at five tertiary institutions in Japan. Serum EBV anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG, and EBV anti-VCA IgM were measured in 495 patients with IBD□(UC:313 patients, CD:174 patients, IBD-U:8 patients). Patient characteristics (sex, age at diagnosis, age at onset, duration of illness, and disease location), treatments, and blood examination results were obtained from the medical records at each institution. Prior EBV infection was defined as anti-VCA IgM negativity and anti-VCA IgG positivity. Results mong the 495 patients, 56.2% (278/495) were male, and the median age at diagnosis of IBD was 18 years. The median age at the time of the anti-VCA IgG examination was 25 years(range: 0–92 years). Of the 495 patients, 9 were anti-VCA IgM-positive and 354 were anti-VCA IgG-positive (seroprevalence: 72.8%). The proportion of patients with prior EBV infection was 0% for those aged &amp;lt;5 years, &amp;lt;60% for those aged &amp;lt;30 years, and &amp;gt;90% for those aged &amp;gt;30 years. The patients’ current thiopurine use was 37.8% (187/486) for all anti-VCA IgM negative patients and 42.3% (85/201) for anti-VCA IgM negative patients aged &amp;lt;20 years. The proportion of EBV-uninfected patients using thiopurines was 28.4% (52/183) for all patients and 51.8% (44/85) for aged &amp;lt;20 years. Age was significantly associated with anti-VCA IgG seropositivity (p &amp;lt; 0.01, odds ratio: 0.902, 95% confidence interval: 0.880–0.925). No cases of lymphoproliferative disorder, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, or chronic active EBV infection were reported. Conclusion Approximately 30% of Japanese patients with IBD were EBV-uninfected, including those using thiopurines. Age was a significant factor for anti-VCA IgG seropositivity.

Hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in Himalayan aquaculture: Morphology, morphometrics and quantification of peripheral blood cells

De novo reference intervals (RIs) for a total of thirty two hematological and serum biochemical attributes were established for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in Himalayan aquaculture system. For this purpose, long term assessment of hemato-biochemical parameters was carried over a period of one year from March 2019 to February 2020 and a total of 444 blood samples were analysed. Blood examination results were recorded systematically and reference intervals were established, notably for erythrocyte parameters: hematocrit (Hct) 29–40%, hemoglobin 8.32–12.28 g/dL, red blood cell (RBC) count 1.01–2.04 (×106/mm3); leukocyte parameters (x 103/mm3): total leukocytes 31.32–90.60, neutrophils 4.21–18.85, total lymphocytes 20.55–63.63, small lymphocytes 14.86–46.50, large lymphocytes 6.35–22.34 and monocytes 1.22–7.56; thrombocyte count 23.00–68.00 (×106/mm3). RIs were also established for red blood cell indices, vital serum constituents involved in carbohydrate, protein, lipid and nitrogen metabolism including the less known, diagnostically important, serum enzymes and electrolyte concentrations. Principal component analysis revealed that certain serum components were more efficient at distinguishing between the life stages (juvenile, adult) of fish by explaining about 92.7% of variation in the whole dataset compared to the principal hematological components which explained only about 80% of the variation. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were noted for RBC count, total leukocyte count (TLC), total protein, total cholesterol and uric acid with respect to the sex of fish. Moreover, clearly differentiable morphometric and morphological attributes were also noticed among erythrocytes, leukocytes (lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes) and thrombocytes. To our knowledge, the present study is the first of its kind that elucidates blood chemistry of cultured rainbow trout, O. mykiss in accordance to the guidelines framed by the American society of veterinary clinical pathologists (ASVCP). RIs reported here can help monitor the fish health status by improving the use of non-lethal diagnostics in piscine medicine.

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio, Monocyte Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio in Covid-19 Patients.

Covid-19 is a pandemic viral infection with high pathogenicity and contagiousness. Our aim is to evaluate the preliminary hematological findings analyzed during admission in order to determine the diagnostic value of hematological parameters in Covid-19 patients and to reveal their relationship with the severity of the disease. Our study includes a total of 169 patients, whose diagnosis was confirmed and 93 of whom were treated in the ward, 76 of whom were treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and 67 control patients. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte (MLR) ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio (MPV/PLT) data on admission were analyzed retrospectively and compared. ICU patients had significantly higher values of NLR, MLR, PLR, and MPV/PLT (p < 0.001 for each) but had lower values of lymphocyte count and hemoglobin (p < 0.001 for each) compared to that of ward patients. According to the results of ROC analysis, the diagnostic values of NLR, MLR, PLR, and MPV/PLT parameters were statistically significant (p < 0.05). According to the results of our study, abnormal routine peripheral blood examination results were detected in Covid-19 patients. NLR, MLR, and PLR can be considered as independent, reliable biomarkers for assessing disease severity, hospitalization, and clinical classification in Covid-19. Therefore, it was concluded that fast, cost-effective, easily accessible admission hemogram parameters are reasonably important to predict the prognosis of Covid-19 patients.

Changes in inflammatory biomarkers related to C-reactive protein and albumin in patients with terminal cancer receivin palliative care: a longitudinal study

BACKGROUND: Evidence about how inflammatory biomarkers vary during the end-stage cancer trajectory is lacking. This study investigates the longitudinal changes in albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and CRP/albumin ratio (CAR) in patients with terminal cancer receiving palliative care in the last three months of life. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of variables extracted from a prospective cohort study that included admitted patients to the exclusive Palliative Care Unit of the National Cancer Institute in Brazil. Routine blood examination results of albumin and CRP were recorded at 0-15 (T1), 16-30 (T2), 31-45 (T3), 46-60 (T4), 61-75 (T5), and 76-90 (T6) days before death and only patients with at least two measurements were included. Crude and adjusted linear mixed-effects regression models were performed to verify the relationships between the longitudinal trajectories of biomarkers and death. RESULTS: A total of 1,635 patients were included. Median albumin was 3.00g/dL across the whole time-period analyzed (interquartile range, IQR: 2.50-3.60) and decreased with the approach of death, while median CRP was 9.31mg/L (IQR: 4.42-17.30) and CAR was 3.22 (IQR: 1.42-6.68), and both increased. The albumin (slope: all 0.01; p <0.001), CRP (slope: -0.10 to -0.13; p <0.001), and CAR (slope: -0.05 to -0.07; p <0.001) showed a linear dose-response relationship with death in crude and adjusted models tested. CONCLUSIONS: The longitudinal change levels of inflammatory biomarkers worsen with the approach of death and could be used to predict end-stage in patients with terminal cancer.

Compulsive right circling in a cat: Obsessive‐compulsive disorder or primary neurological disease

AbstractA 10‐year‐old cat was presented with a 3‐months history of recurrent episodes of circling to the right with increasing frequency. Physical and blood examination results were unremarkable. Neurological examination showed right circling and non‐measurable menace response; both eyes were absent since 2 months of age. A right forebrain disorder was suspected, possibly caused by vascular, neoplastic or infective/inflammatory disease. An MRI scan excluded brain lesions and revealed an incidental left middle ear infection. A functional lesion in a postictal phase following focal epileptic seizure was considered; however, the right circling behaviour worsened despite phenobarbital treatment. Aggression against owners and co‐habiting cats was also reported. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder was suspected after excluding other compulsive behaviours through a behavioural evaluation. Fluoxetine (0.5 mg/kg, every 24 hours) reduced the intensity and frequency of the circling behaviour by approximately 50% within 25 days. In cats showing compulsive lateralised circling, behavioural disorders are a key differential diagnosis.

Application of Artificial Neural Network Method as A Detection of Blood Fat Disorders in Images of Complete Blood Examination

Based on various epidemiological studies, it is stated that blood lipids are the main risk factor for atherosclerosis that leads to coronary heart disease. In patients with blood lipid disorders, red blood cells undergo deformability so that their shape is flatter than normal red blood cells, which are round. The research entitled Application of Artificial Neural Network Method as Detection of Blood Fat Abnormalities in Image of Complete Blood Examination Results was conducted to help facilitate laboratory examinations. This research hopes that it will provide appropriate early detection to support the expert diagnosis. This research consists of two stages. The first stage is digital image processing to obtain area, perimeter, and eccentricity features. These three features will be used as input to the Backpropagation Neural Network program as the second stage. At this stage, blood lipid abnormalities are detected from features that have been obtained from image processing. The accuracy of detecting blood lipid abnormalities with ANN Backpropagation is 85%.