Restriction Of Size Research Articles

Error Estimates for First- and Second-Order Lagrange–Galerkin Moving Mesh Schemes for the One-Dimensional Convection–Diffusion Equation

A new moving mesh scheme based on the Lagrange–Galerkin method for the approximation of the one-dimensional convection–diffusion equation is studied. The mesh movement is prescribed by a discretized dynamical system for the nodal points. This system is related to the velocity and diffusion coefficient in the convection–diffusion equation such that the nodal points follow the convective flow of the model. It is shown that under a restriction of the time step size the mesh movement cannot lead to an overlap of the elements and therefore an invalid mesh. Using a piecewise linear approximation, optimal error estimates in the ℓ∞(L2)∩ℓ2(H01)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\ell ^\\infty (L^2) \\cap \\ell ^2(H_0^1)$$\\end{document} norm are proved in case of both, a first-order backward Euler method and a second-order two-step method in time. These results are based on new estimates of the time dependent interpolation operator derived in this work. Preservation of the total mass is verified for both choices of the time discretization. Numerical experiments are presented that confirm the error estimates and demonstrate that the proposed moving mesh scheme can circumvent limitations that the Lagrange–Galerkin method on a fixed mesh exhibits.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Life Cycle of Tourist Destinations from Tour Operators and Hoteliers' Perspectives

Purpose: This study explores the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism sector and tourist destinations by expanding the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of the pandemic's influence on destination and insights for developing effective revitalization strategies for tourism destinations. Design/methodology/approach: Employing a qualitative research approach, the study utilizes the TALC model to conduct qualitative interviews with tour operators and hoteliers, aiming to gather nuanced insights into the im-pacts of the pandemic on tourism destinations. Nine tour operators and four hoteliers participated in the online interviews. Data analysis was driven by the interview responses, and thematic analysis was guided by concepts of the COVID-19 pandemic impacts and the six stages of Butler's TALC model. Findings: Severe impact of the pandemic on tourism businesses, encompassing a decline in tourist arrivals, business closures, and substantial job and income loss. Tourist destination impacts can be classified into four distinct stages― stagnation, exploration, involvement, development, and consolidation providing a structured framework for inter―preting the evolving dynamics of tourism destinations. Contextual issues and diverse approaches are suggested to revitalize tourist destinations in order remain attractive, competitive, and sustainable. Research limitations/implications: The restriction of the sample size to only two tourism sectors and generalizing findings due to the exploratory and qualitative nature of the research. Originality/value: It provides insightful of pandemic impacts on tourist destination and relevant strategies, drawing upon Butler's theory. The practical implications for destination management and stakeholder engagement are in-strumental in shaping the development of effective destination management strategies.

Evaluation of the tensile strength of Korean yellow poplar lumber

This study was conducted to confirm the feasibility of using yellow poplar, which is a fast-growing hardwood species in Korea, as a structural material. Lumber was produced, and the mechanical grading and the knot diameter ratio on the wide surface measurement were performed for each grade of lumber. It was confirmed that the majority mechanical grades of yellow poplar were E10, E11, and E12, and the size of knot in the surface increased as the mechanical grades decreased. A fitted distribution of tensile strength of the lumbers was the Weibull distribution. As a result of calculating the tensile allowable stress using the 5th percentile value calculated by the Weibull distribution and the non-parametric method according to the mechanical grade, all the experimental values were higher than the minimum allowable stresses presented in the Korean industrial standards. However, for the low grades, there was no significant difference from the standard values. This was thought to be due to the large size of knots in low-grade lumber. It was expected that the prospect of using yellow poplar structural member will be higher if additional research is conducted on the restriction of knot size according to the mechanical grade.

Analisis Yuridis Pembatasan Pemberian Hak Milik Atas Tanah Untuk Rumah Tinggal

The restriction of the land size for residential housing is intended to prevent any piling up lands for certain people as in line with Articles 7 and 17 of Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) which are further highlighted in Government Regulation according to Article 12 of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 56 of 1960. However, there are no regulations governing the limitation of land size in place. More specific regulations regarding the right to land are outlined in the Decree of Agrarian Minister/the Head of National Land Agency Number 6 of 1998 concerning Grant of Right to Land for Residential Housing. The regulatory provisions highlight the restriction of the land size requested for residential housing and the land size that applicants can own, but it is only restricted to the applicants or for extended rights. The Decree of Agrarian Minister/the Head of National Land Agency Number 6 1998 does not seem to give a solution to what has been mandated in ownership or right restriction of non-agricultural lands, which is to be regulated in Government Regulation. Departing from the issue above, this research aims to study the grant of the right to land for residential housing by conducting a juridical analysis. This research use normative methods to analyze land ownership limitation and land registration.

Control of Azimuthal Combustion Instability Through the Injector Mounting Surface of Annular Combustors

A three-dimensional combustion instability model is presented to study the effects of the wall impedance distributions of annular combustors on thermoacoustic unstable modes, consequently seeking an effective passive methodology to suppress azimuthal combustion instability. The eigenfunction is obtained by use of Green’s function in an enclosed space, whereas the scattered disturbances at flames, the perforated screen where the injectors are installed, and the side perforated liner are characterized by the monopoles, respectively. Results show that compared to the side perforated liner with the restriction of radial size, the impedances over the injector mounting surface provide more acoustic energy dissipation to suppress the azimuthal combustion instabilities. Two patterns of impedance distribution, uniform and radial nonuniform, over the injector mounting surface are then investigated through the parametric variations and associated acoustic energy analysis. A stable combustion system can be realized in combination with homogeny or difference between the spatial impedance distributions and associated optimum perforated parameters, such as perforation ratio, Mach number of the mean bias flow, and aperture radius. It allows mitigating possible design limitations with the appropriate parameter combinations. The present investigation thereby offers an alternative model and methodology for suppression of azimuthal combustion instabilities in gas turbines.

Additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by micro-laser metal wire deposition with pulsed wave emission: processability and microstructure formation

In this work, the micro-laser metal wire deposition (μLMWD) with ms-pulsed wave emission and low duty cycles was utilized to build the Ti-6Al-4V thin walls. The work first investigated the influence of the process parameters on single track stability and geometry. With the developed processing conditions thin walls with multiple layers were produced. The μLMWD produced thin walls were characterized by fine grain size expected to be due to the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) in the produced wall. Fine columnar grains formed in the bottom region of wall due to the restriction of melt pool size and large cooling speed, while equiaxed grain formation and further refinement were achieved in the middle region, attributed to the intermittent stirring force that broke dendritic arms and increased nucleation events before solid–liquid interface. From the bottom to top region microstructures transferred from acicular α′ to short α lamella constituting basketweave structure, and the periodic heating and cooling generating by pulsed laser reduced the acicular α′ at higher cooling rate and decreased α size. The forming of equiaxed grain and fine grain and microstructure increased the wall microhardness.

Literati Encomia on Embroidered Buddhist Icons, c.700-900 CE

Abstract This study examines all the surviving examples of short prose pieces written in praise of embroidery depicting Buddhist objects of worship between circa 700 and 900. The process whereby they were transmitted to the present is traced wherever possible, and the main themes are indicated by means of the identification of recurrent vocabulary items. Typically, the embroideries described are said to have been created by women for the posthumous benefit of their family members, both male and female; the male writers involved, whose work was generally deemed to possess literary merit, were usually connected by family or other ties to the creators of the embroideries. One or two pieces that seem to be less typical are also discussed, though the restriction of the total size of the corpus to a score of pieces by a handful of writers makes the task of establishing the scope of the conventions observed difficult to determine. But as a genre in which men praised the cultural production of women these texts may merit further research.

Quantum optics in visual sensors and adaptive optics by quantum vacillations of laser beams wave propagation apply in data mining

This article proposes the basic way of behaving of the quantum Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model at nothing and limited temperatures is examined. Through the investigation of the Binder cumulate, the entire stage chart of the model has been distinguished, and the connection length type has been gotten from the scaling examination of the mathematical information. The creator has noticed, at a restricted temperature, a change from old style to quantum-variance overwhelmed values for both the basic Binder cumulate and the relationship length example. The way of behaving of the request boundary appropriation of the model in the glass stage has been explored (at limited and zero temperatures). Notwithstanding a nonergodic zone overwhelmed by old style changes (where imitation balance is disregarded), the creators found a low-temperature ergodic locale overwhelmed by quantum vacillations in the optics stage. In this quantum-vacillation overwhelmed region, the request boundary dissemination has a minuscule top around its most probable worth, steadily moving toward a delta capability in the restriction of limitless framework size (demonstrating copy balance rebuilding or periodicity in the framework). In light of the investigation of the autocorrelation of the twists in both ergodic and nonergodic districts, the creators found a huge reduction in the unwinding time (as well as an adjustment of the unwinding conduct) in the quantum-vacillation overwhelmed (ergodic) locale of the optics stage contrasted with the traditional change ruled (nonergodic) locale. While strengthening courses get through this ergodic region, the tempering chance (to achieve an extremely low energy level of the conventional SK model) turns out to be essentially framework size free.

Crystal structure of the phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4 (PLAAT4) catalytic domain

Phospholipase A and Acyltransferase 4 (PLAAT4) is a class II tumor suppressor, that also plays a role as a restrictor of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii infection through restriction of parasitic vacuole size. The catalytic N-terminal domain (NTD) interacts with the C-terminal domain (CTD), which is important for sub-cellular targeting and enzymatic function. The dynamics of the NTD main (L1) loop and the L2(B6) loop adjacent to the active site, have been shown to be important regulators of enzymatic activity. Here, we present the crystal structure of PLAAT4 NTD, determined from severely intergrown crystals using automated, laser-based crystal harvesting and data reduction technologies. The structure showed the L1 loop in two distinct conformations, highlighting a complex network of interactions likely influencing its conformational flexibility. Ensemble refinement of the crystal structure recapitulates the major correlated motions observed in solution by NMR. Our analysis offers useful insights on millisecond dynamics based on the crystal structure, complementing NMR studies which preclude structural information at this time scale.

When Less is More: Improving Choices in Health Insurance Markets

Abstract We study the impact of changing choice set size on the quality of choices in health insurance markets. Using novel data on enrolment and medical claims for school district employees in the state of Oregon, we document that the average employee could save $600 by switching to a lower cost plan. Structural modelling reveals large “choice inconsistencies” such as non-equalization of the dollar spent on premiums and out of pocket, and a novel form of “approximate inertia” where enrolees are excessively likely to switch to other plans that are close to the current plan on the plan design spreadsheet. Variation in the number of plan choices across districts and over time shows that enrolees make lower-cost choices when the choice set is smaller. We show that a curated restriction of choice set size improves choices more than the best available information intervention, partly because approximate inertia lowers gains from new information. We explicitly test and reject the assumption that this is because individuals choose worse from larger choice sets, or “choice overload”. Rather, we show that this feature arises from the fact that larger choice sets feature worse choices on average that are not offset by individual re-optimization.

A Joint Positioning Algorithm in Industrial IoT Environments with mm-Wave Communications

With the real restriction of packet size and transmission power, a joint UL-AoA (Uplink Angle of Arrival) and UL-TDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival) positioning method is discussed for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which demands high accuracy of position information. One motivation of the UL positioning method of IIoT is an asymmetric network and uplink traffic is dominant in most identified scenarios. Further, IIoT sensors are power limited for low cost, compared to the transmission power of base stations and other normal user equipment. This paper considers an environment of a 5G-enabled IIoT network with massive Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas, beamforming and millimeter operating bands. After reviewing downlink positioning reference signal (PRS) and uplink sounding reference signal for positioning (SRS-Pos), a general system model and a theoretical localization problem is derived under the joint positioning method. The provided simulation results help to investigate the impact of system configurations on positioning measurements. Further, through the test in this paper, it is proved that joint positioning outperforms that of the time only or angle only method.

Size and activity of the root meristem: A key for drought resistance and a key model of drought-related signaling.

Plants make many adjustments to their growth and development in response to even small changes in water availability. Under such conditions, root elongation can be actively restricted by stress-related signaling mechanisms. Here we look at how the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem can be affected by moderate water limitation (low water potential, ψw ). Recent characterization of the clade E Growth-Regulating (EGR) protein phosphatases and Microtubule Associated Stress Protein 1 (MASP1) provides an example of how active restriction of root meristem size allows the plant to downregulate root elongation during low ψw stress. EGR2 protein accumulation in cortex cells of the transition zone at the distal end of the root meristem illustrates how the balance of cell division versus cell expansion signals at this critical location can determine meristem size and root elongation during low ψw . These characteristics of EGRs also raise the question of whether they may also be involved in hydrotropism, and, more broadly, whether hydrotropism is a distinct response or a specific manifestation of more general mechanisms used to adjust root growth under moderate severity low ψw whether or not a gradient of water availability is present. These questions, as well as a better understanding of how specific cell layers (cortex and endodermis) seem to have an outsized role in growth regulation and better understanding the roles of plasma membrane-based signaling and polar-localized proteins in the regulation of root meristem size and cell division activity are key to elucidating the cellular mechanisms that determine root growth behavior during soil drying.

Domain-Adversarial Based Model with Phonological Knowledge for Cross-Lingual Speech Recognition

Phonological-based features (articulatory features, AFs) describe the movements of the vocal organ which are shared across languages. This paper investigates a domain-adversarial neural network (DANN) to extract reliable AFs, and different multi-stream techniques are used for cross-lingual speech recognition. First, a novel universal phonological attributes definition is proposed for Mandarin, English, German and French. Then a DANN-based AFs detector is trained using source languages (English, German and French). When doing the cross-lingual speech recognition, the AFs detectors are used to transfer the phonological knowledge from source languages (English, German and French) to the target language (Mandarin). Two multi-stream approaches are introduced to fuse the acoustic features and cross-lingual AFs. In addition, the monolingual AFs system (i.e., the AFs are directly extracted from the target language) is also investigated. Experiments show that the performance of the AFs detector can be improved by using convolutional neural networks (CNN) with a domain-adversarial learning method. The multi-head attention (MHA) based multi-stream can reach the best performance compared to the baseline, cross-lingual adaptation approach, and other approaches. More specifically, the MHA-mode with cross-lingual AFs yields significant improvements over monolingual AFs with the restriction of training data size and, which can be easily extended to other low-resource languages.

Being Prepared During the Evolving COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neonatal Experience in Training and Simulation.

Background: Rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic raised an urgent need for preparedness in the healthcare sector, including training of healthcare workers to cope with the burden of infected cases while ensuring proper protection of themselves. Improper infection prevention and control measures were key reasons for infection in healthcare workers during the early phase of the outbreak.Objectives/Methods: This paper describes the combined approach of 3 restructured hospitals in Singapore in preparing and training neonatal healthcare workers' during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, as well as lessons learnt during this process.Results: Information sharing was conducted in the form of e-learning, emphasizing on topics like disease knowledge and infection prevention and control procedures. Skills and competency training were carried out in the form of simulation, with sessions scaled into 4 levels progressing from individual task training to larger group simulations involving multiple disciplines and departments. Challenges encountered included information fatigue by large amount of constantly changing information and multiple amendments to workflows as more information arose. Difficulties conducting training and simulation sessions included restriction of group size to mitigate infection risk amongst participants and the limited supply of personal protective equipment prioritized for direct patient care.Conclusion: Healthcare institutions should ensure adequate dissemination of conceptual knowledge as well as skills competency training of staff in infection control measures for the protection of healthcare workers and patient safety. Ongoing training for sustainability of knowledge and skills, while adapting to the rapidly evolving situation is important in the preparation for future outbreaks.

Large-Area Piezoelectric Single Crystal Composites via 3-D-Printing-Assisted Dice-and-Insert Technology for Hydrophone Applications.

Compared with Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) ceramics, piezoelectric ceramic composites (PCCs), and piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer, piezoelectric single crystal composites (PSCCs) are thought to be the promising candidates for hydrophone applications because of their superior hydrostatic performance. However, due to the brittleness and small dimensions of single crystals, the preparation of large-area or conformal PSCCs is to be challenged. Herein, we prepared a large-area PSCC with dimensions of 50 mm × 50 mm × 5 mm using 3-D-printing-assisted dice-and-insert technology. The hydrostatic piezoelectric performances for PSCC were investigated using a quasi-static method. The hydrostatic figure-of-merit (HFOM) of PSCC is approximately [Formula: see text]/N, which is higher by 69.4% than that of PCC. Furthermore, PSCC shows advantages in the dielectric loss, frequency constant, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and hydrostatic pressure stability. The results suggest that PSCCs have great potential in substantially improving the sensitivity of hydrophones. In addition, 3-D-printing-assisted dice-and-insert technology breaks through the restriction of as-grown piezoelectric crystal size so as to make it possible for the applications where large-scale piezoelectric composites are required.

A contact detection algorithm for triangle boundary in GPU-based DEM and its application in a large-scale landslide

Triangle boundaries are crucial geometric objects in the discrete element method (DEM). In this study, an improvement for the uniform grid method is proposed and implemented on the GPU. The improved algorithm includes the spatial discretization of triangles in which triangles are classified by their size and motion. The large and relative static triangles are separated into grid cells such that it relaxes the restriction of cell size in the uniform grid method. To verify the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm, the improved grid method is compared with the normal uniform grid method and the linear bounding volume hierarchy (LBVH) method using a simulation of free-falling grains in a mixer. The results show that the improved grid method does significantly increase the simulation efficiency compared with the normal uniform grid method. Then, taking a large-scale landslide as an example, the improved grid method and the LBVH method are used to simulate the failure process of the landslide. The results indicate that the improved grid algorithm has higher efficiency for simulations of large-scale landslides than the LBVH method but at the cost of more memory usage.

Corporate Social Responsibility : The Influence of Employee Engagement on Corporate Social Responsibility

Including more people being aware of corporate social responsibility, questions have arisen concerning whether there is a link between employee engagement and corporate social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is being considered as a significant component of a company's performance and activities, with the goal of increasing employee engagement. The goal of this study is to find out how employee engagement and corporate social responsibility are linked. The research was carried out in Erbil, Kurdistan, at vehicle dealerships. In total, 53 people took part in this study. According to the findings of this study, higher levels of corporate social responsibility can lead to higher levels of employee engagement, which supports the research hypothesis. The researchers recommended getting a larger sample size for similar studies in the future due to the study's restriction of a limited sample size

Scale Normalized Image Pyramids With AutoFocus for Object Detection.

We present an efficient foveal framework to perform object detection. A scale normalized image pyramid (SNIP) is generated that, like human vision, only attends to objects within a fixed size range at different scales. Such a restriction of objects' size during training affords better learning of object-sensitive filters, and therefore, results in better accuracy. However, the use of an image pyramid increases the computational cost. Hence, we propose an efficient spatial sub-sampling scheme which only operates on fixed-size sub-regions likely to contain objects (as object locations are known during training). The resulting approach, referred to as Scale Normalized Image Pyramid with Efficient Resampling or SNIPER, yields up to 3× speed-up during training. Unfortunately, as object locations are unknown during inference, the entire image pyramid still needs processing. To this end, we adopt a coarse-to-fine approach, and predict the locations and extent of object-like regions which will be processed in successive scales of the image pyramid. Intuitively, it's akin to our active human-vision that first skims over the field-of-view to spot interesting regions for further processing and only recognizes objects at the right resolution. The resulting algorithm is referred to as AutoFocus and results in a 2.5-5× speed-up during inference when used with SNIP. Code: https://github.com/mahyarnajibi/SNIPER.

Shared-Aperture Variable Inclination Continuous Transverse Stub Antenna Working at K- and Ka-Bands for Mobile Satellite Communication

A dual-band shared-aperture variable inclination continuous transverse stub (VICTS) antenna is designed with good port isolation and a low profile. The operation bands, including 19.5–20.1 and 28.8–29.6 GHz, locate at the regulated bands for $K$ - and Ka -band mobile satellite communication. The design principle is “shared radiating aperture and independent feeding networks,” which means two feeding networks are integrated to share one radiating aperture. At the center frequencies of the two operation bands, that is, 19.8 and 29.2 GHz, the beam-scanning coverage in elevation is $38^{\circ } \times 2$ and $60^{\circ } \times 2$ , respectively. The relative bandwidths in $K$ - and Ka -bands are 3.0% and 2.7%, respectively. The maximal gains for the two bands are 24.33 and 28.52 dBi. Good port isolation greater than 90 dB at the lower band and greater than 20 dB at the higher band is obtained. A low profile of only 10 mm is achieved, that is, 0.65 and $0.97~\lambda _{0}$ , at the center frequencies. This article is a good candidate for the $K$ - and Ka -band mobile satellite communication under the restriction of cost and size.

Study on the impact of different pier structures on navigable flow conditions

The navigable clearance scale is a key factor in the selection of bridge type schemes on urban navigable rivers, especially in the case of limited clearance, the restriction of pier size and shape on navigation. In this paper, the impact of different pier structures on navigable flow is analyzed through the two-dimensional flow mathematical model simulation of new bridge section of a river. The results show that the shape optimization of square pier chamfer can reduce the transverse velocity of navigable flow; and the larger size of pier, the greater transverse velocity of navigable waters. Furthermore, the transverse velocity of the navigable flow is the smallest on the condition of the same width but round form of head pier structure. The new design can effectively solve the contradiction between bridge navigation and landscape construction on urban navigable river, and provide a variety of options for bridge construction.