Restless Legs Syndrome In Pregnancy Research Articles

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome during pregnancy and postpartum period.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disease from the spectrum of movement disorders, the prevalence of which increases significantly during pregnancy and is associated with poor sleep, a drop in daytime energy, and the development of psychological disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The IRLSS scale was used to determine the presence of RLS symptoms. The total test sample that included the tested and control groups was (n=390) subjects. The examined group consisted of pregnant women (n=260), and the control group consisted of female students (n=130). In total, 260 pregnant women were monitored 6months after pregnancy. Three measurements were performed, first inthe third trimester of pregnancy, second two months afterdelivery, third 6months after delivery, while one cross-sectional measurement was performed for the controlgroup. The prevalence of RLS in pregnancy is highest in the third trimester and amounts to 26.5 %. In the postpartum period, a significant decrease in the prevalence of RLS was observed, measured two months after delivery (18.1 %). Postpartum, over time, a decrease in the prevalence of RLS was noticed, and six months after delivery it was (7.3 %), when it practically approached the prevalence of the control group (standard population) which was (6.2 %). The prevalence of RLS is highest during the third trimester of pregnancy and decreases after delivery so that 6months after delivery it approaches the prevalence of the standard population.

0692 Medication Use and Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy Among Nulliparous Women

0692 Medication Use and Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy Among Nulliparous Women

456 Association of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy with Cardiovascular Health 2-7 years after first birth

456 Association of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy with Cardiovascular Health 2-7 years after first birth

The Prevalence, Severity, and Predictive Factors of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy.

The current study aimed to search theprevalence and severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in pregnancy according to the three trimesters and predictive factors of RLS in pregnancy based on validated diagnostic tools and a thorough literature review. The cross-sectional descriptive study included 500 pregnant women without comorbidities who were interviewed face-to-face. Age, height, weight, week of pregnancy, smoking, alcohol, caffeine use, regular exercise, and lab test results from the last visit were all included in the data. Only women satisfying the RLS diagnostic criteria were given the Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale. The prevalence ofRLS was found to be 29.2% with the highest rate in the third trimester (64.4%). In all trimesters, low ferritin (first trimester: p = 0.004; second trimester: p < 0.001; third trimester: p < 0.001), folic acid (first trimester: p = 0.001; second trimester: p < 0.001; third trimester: p < 0.001), vitamin B12 (first trimester: p = 0.003; second trimester: p < 0.001;third trimester: p < 0.001), and hemoglobin (first trimester: p < 0.001; second trimester: p < 0.001; third trimester: p < 0.001) levels were associated with RLS. In the second and third trimesters, low magnesium (p < 0.001 andp < 0.001, respectively)and high creatinine (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively) levels were associated with RLS. Higher thyroid-stimulating hormone and free T4 levels were associated with RLS in the third trimester but notin the first and second trimesters (median: 2.4 vs. 2.1, p < 0.001; median: 1.5 vs. 1.2, p < 0.001). In the multivariate regression analysis, age (p = 0.034, OR: 1.060, 95% CI: 1.005-1.119), present BMI (p < 0.001, OR: 1.8884, 95% CI: 1.597-2.222), BMI before conception (p < 0.001, OR: 0.607, 95% CI: 0.513-0.718), gravida (p < 0.001, OR: 2.172, 95% CI: 1.547-3.049), low ferritin level (p < 0.001, OR: 6.396, 95% CI: 0.00744-0.010405), low vitaminB12 (p < 0.001, OR: 10.347, 95% CI: 0.00120-0.00176), low folate (p < 0.001, OR: 5.841, 95% CI: 0.00616-0.01240), RLS history before conception (p = 0.013, OR: 4.963, 95% CI: 1.402-17.57), and RLS family history (p < 0.001, OR: 7.914, 95% CI: 0.18760-0.31151) were found to be predictive factors for RLS in pregnancy. More attention is needed to RLS during pregnancy to prevent or treat this syndrome.

Dopamine agonists pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine for the treatment of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy

Dopamine agonists pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine for the treatment of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy

Possible etiologies of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: a narrative review

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by an urgent need to move the legs, due to the presence of a discomfort sensation in the lower limbs, especially at rest. Generally, it relieves with movement. There are several studies that argue the existence of an association between this syndrome and pregnancy. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder in pregnancy are misunderstood. The objective of this narrative review is to identify and discuss some possible etiologies of RLS in pregnancy. A literature search was performed in the PubMed and ResearchGate databases by using the following search strategies: "restless legs syndrome", "restless legs syndrome in pregnancy", "pregnancy and vitamin D deficiency" and "pregnancy and zinc". The publications were initially sorted through their title. After the initial process, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The included articles were sorted by authors, year, journal of publication, type of study, and organized by chronological order of publication. Among the main findings, hormonal changes, iron metabolism, vitamin D deficiency, genetic factors, zinc and magnesium fluctuations have been some of the hypotheses supporting the development or worsening of this disorder in pregnancy. Dopamine also appears to be correlated with hormonal changes, iron metabolism, ferritin, folic acid and vitamin D deficiency. In conclusion, there are several hypotheses trying to link restless legs syndrome with pregnancy. The most covered were hormonal fluctuations and iron metabolism. However, this thematic is still highly discussed, creating the need for additional and thorough research.

Restless legs syndrome: An overview of pathophysiology, comorbidities and therapeutic approaches (Review).

The aim of this overview was to outline the pathophysiology, common comorbidities and current therapeutic modalities in the treatment/management of restless legs syndrome (RLS) a sensorimotor neurological disorder. The main symptom in RLS is a compelling compulsion to move the legs and a sense of restlessness at rest most commonly occurring during the night and improving with movement. The prevalence of secondary RLS among comorbid conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, end-stage renal disease, irritable bowel syndrome and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder have further elucidated our understanding of the role of the iron-dopamine hypothesis as an etiopathogenetic hallmark in RLS and the efficacy of therapeutic approaches in milder to more severe forms. Currently, RLS treatment uses only symptomatic agents, since a disease-modifying therapy does not yet exist. The phenomena of rebound and augmentation have become central phenomena in overcoming the pharmacotherapeutic challenges when treating with dopaminergic agents in RLS. Considering alternative nonpharmacological therapies, especially for the treatment of RLS in pregnancy has a significant role and positive clinical outcome for patients in controlling symptoms.

New onset of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy in a prospective multiracial cohort: Incidence and risk factors.

To determine whether the incidence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in pregnancy differ by race/ethnicity, we estimated relative risks of demographic, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors in association with risk of any incident RLS in pregnancy in a cohort of 2,704 healthy pregnant women without prior RLS. Using data from the multicenter, multiracial National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons, we examined the incidence of RLS from early pregnancy to near delivery through up to 6 assessments. Multivariable Poisson models with robust variance were applied to estimate relative risks (RRs). The cumulative incidence of RLS in pregnancy was 18.1% for all women, 20.3% for White women, 15.4% for Black women, 17.1% for Hispanic women, and 21.1% for Asian women. Among Hispanic women, older age (RR [reference ≤25 years]: 25-35 years, 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.16; ≥35 years, 1.58; 95% CI 0.93-2.68), anemia (RR [reference no]: yes, 2.47; 95% CI 1.31-4.64), and greater total skinfolds of the subscapular and triceps sites, independent of body mass index (RR [reference quartile 1]: quartile 5, 2.54; 95% CI 1.30-4.97; p trend = 0.01) were associated with higher risk of RLS, while multiparity was associated with a lower risk (RR [reference nulliparity]: 0.69; 95% CI 0.50-0.96). In Black women, greater skinfolds and waist circumference were associated with higher risk of pregnancy RLS, although the trends were less clear. The incidence of RLS in pregnancy was high and differed by race/ethnicity, which is likely accounted for by differences in other risk factors, such as age, parity, and nutritional factors.

Restless Legs Syndrome During Pregnancy and 12 Weeks Postpartum and its Links to Cardiovascular Diseases, Stressful Life Events, and Psychiatric History.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is highly prevalent among pregnant women. In the present study, a neurological–obstetrical sample of 561 postpartum women was retrospectively screened for RLS symptoms during pregnancy and in the first 12 weeks postpartum. The first screening took place within 1 to 6 days of delivery (T0) and the second 12 weeks after childbirth (T1). The pregnancy-related RLS prevalence rate was found to be 21% (n = 119), with the women suffering from RLS being more often affected by psychiatric history and having been more exposed to stressful life events. They were also found to have experienced baby blues more frequently shortly after childbirth. However, RLS in pregnancy did not appear to have any effect on the development of postpartum depression. Additionally, a positive trend was observed toward an association between pregnancy-related RLS and gestational diabetes and hypertension. Of the 119 women, 23 (19.3%) remained affected by RLS 12 weeks postpartum. Body mass index (BMI), weight gain, parity, childbearing history, or chronic stress exposure in pregnancy as measured by hair cortisol were not found to be linked to RLS. In summary, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction of clinical, environmental, and anamnestic factors can help shed valuable light on this pregnancy-related condition.

Effects of Warm and Cold Footbath on Sleep Quality in Pregnant Women with Restless Legs Syndrome

Introduction: Sleep disorders are one of the most common problems during pregnancy and the presence of Restless legs syndrome in pregnancy can further impair sleep quality The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two methods of cold and warm water immersion on sleep quality of pregnant women with restless legs syndrome. Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 80 pregnant women with restless legs syndrome referred to Arak Taleghani hospital in 2019. The samples were selected by convenience method and were randomly divided into two groups: hot water (group 1) and cold (group 2). Group 1 was asked to soak their feet in cold water 20 to 25°c every night for 10 minutes and for 2 weeks. Group 2 was asked to soak their feet in warm water 40 to 45°c every night for 10 minutes and for 2 weeks. Sleep quality was measured between the two groups and at the beginning and end of the study by Pittzburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 23) and Chi-square, independent t-test and paired t-test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Sleep quality in hot water group before and after the intervention was 7.42 ± 2.46 and 4.91± 2.17, respectively (P = 0.001); in cold water before and after the intervention was 6.50 ± 2.56 and 4.47 ±1.86, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the sleep quality scores of the two groups after the study (p = 0.329). Conclusion: Intervention with hot water and cold water reduced the quality of sleep score in pregnant women. As a result, the mentioned interventions can be used to improve the sleep quality of pregnant women who are not able to use medical interventions due to their side effects

The Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy

The Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy

Maternal and neonatal outcomes for restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: a systematic review

Maternal and neonatal outcomes for restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: a systematic review

Maternal and neonatal outcomes for restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: A systematic review

Maternal and neonatal outcomes for restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: A systematic review

Shaking Up Perspectives of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy.

Shaking Up Perspectives of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy.

Restless legs syndrome in pregnancy is connected with iron deficiency

ObjectiveAlmost one-third of pregnant women develop symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS), which could have a negative impact on quality of life and the course of pregnancy and/or labor. The aim of our study was to determine possible risk factors for developing RLS in pregnant women. MethodsA total of 300 random women in the third trimester of gravidity filled out a simple questionnaire based on the official diagnostic criteria for RLS. Respondents positive for RLS were interviewed to further characterize their symptoms. The parameters of iron metabolism were examined based on blood samples. All data were statistically analyzed. ResultsWe detected significantly lower hemoglobin levels with signs of hypochromic anemia typical of iron deficiency in RLS-positive respondents, although oral iron supplementation was significantly higher in this group. The overall severity of symptoms correlated inversely with hemoglobin level. ConclusionAccording to our results, it appears that serum iron level disturbances play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of secondary RLS in pregnant women.

Restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in China: prevalence and risk factors.

The goal of this study was to identify the prevalence and clinical correlates and severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among pregnant women in mainland China. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1584 women (18-40 years old) who came to a prenatal outpatient clinic to consult an obstetrician. Pregnant women were studied in each trimester, and assessments included interviews about RLS symptoms and related questions. Standardized questionnaires include the International Restless Syndrome Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Blood tests included levels of hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume. RLS was diagnosed in 177 of 1584 women (11.2%); 4.2% were categorized as having pre-existing RLS and 54.8% reported onset of RLS symptoms after the 24th week. Multivariate analysis revealed that anemia was positively correlated with RLS. For the participants who first experienced RLS in pregnancy, RLS severity in the third trimester was more severe when compared with the first and second trimesters. Sleep disorders occurred more frequently in the third trimester. In our study, RLS was frequent in pregnant Chinese women, and anemia was identified as an independent predictor of the disease. Further, most participants reported their symptoms during the third trimester, and the severity of RLS and sleep disorders of participants was more prominent in the third trimester.

Restless legs syndrome in pregnancy

RLS affects 5–10% of the general population, but it affects 25% of pregnant women. Sleep disorders are common in RLS. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of RLS in pregnancy, its characteristics and associated sleep complaints. 50 pregnant women followed at the gynecology department of Vistahermosa Hospital. They completed Stop, Berlin and Pittsburgh questionnaires. The IRLSSG criteria were investigated by self-administered questionnaire and by telephone interview by a sleep specialist. Polysomnograms were obtained with a recording of the movements of both legs. 35 of 50 patients (70%) completed all questionnaires and polysomnograms was recorded in 100%. Middle age was 34 ± 4. 20% of the patients meeting IRLSSG criteria, 71% reporting the beginning of the symptoms at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy and 42% described sporadic symptoms before pregnancy (p < 0.05). 66% described a moderate-severe intensity of the symptoms, with a frequency of 4–7 nights/week (17%), 2–5 nights/week (33%) and 50% with a low frequency. One pregnant woman was evaluated in the second and the third trimester with worsening intensity and frequency of symptoms and she was completely asymptomatic the first night after delivery. Family history was present in the 45% of the cases and PLM >5 were found in 14%. Patients with RLS were younger (⩽35 years) (p < 0.05). No correlation was found between RLS and time of sleep onset longer than 30 min, night awakenings or total sleep time, reporting sleep quality in the last month as good. RLS pregnant were not more sleepy during the day nor did they have a significant frequency of mood disorder. No differences were found in IAH, RDI or the presence of previous snoring. Of the patients who had delivered at the time (57%) reported resolution of the symptoms, 75% immediately after delivery and in the one case two weeks after it. RLS is frequent during pregnancy affecting 20% of pregnant woman especially in the second half and usually resolving after delivery. We want to highlight that a considerable number of patients reported RLS symptoms just before pregnancy and a family history was present. Our patients described symptoms mainly as moderate-high intensity, they didn’t complain of sleep disturbances, perhaps because 50% of them reported a low frequency of symptoms (less than 2–5 nights/week). We want to thank to all the pregnant women who have participated in the study.

Heredity of Restless Legs Syndrome in a Pregnant Population

To synthesize published research on genetic and heredity findings related to restless legs syndrome (RLS) in a pregnant population. PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases and reference lists from published articles. Literature searches were conducted for primary research studies published in English on the genetic and heredity findings of RLS in pregnant populations. Study characteristics and findings related to genetic and heredity aspects of RLS in a pregnant population. Five data-based articles met the criteria for study inclusion. Study findings comprised Level-2 and Level-3 evidence. Four of the five studies were larger population studies and contained a subset of pregnant participants. Parity and family history were important predictors of RLS proband status. Probands reported symptoms were often initiated during or after pregnancy. Symptoms of RLS for female probands are often initiated during pregnancy or after childbirth. A history of RLS in a previous pregnancy and family history of RLS were strong predictors of RLS in the current pregnancy. Future research on genetic associations of RLS in pregnancy is warranted.

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy and associated conditions in a Turkish population

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy and associated conditions in a Turkish population

Restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: A case responding to glucocorticosteroids

Restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: A case responding to glucocorticosteroids