Rest Schedule Research Articles

Survey of driver's functional state change, considering movement through mountain passes

According to traffic accident statistics, the main causes are violations of traffic rules. Based on scientific research, it is clear that the main reason for these events is the drivers' incorrect assessment of the road situation and their inadequate response. Assessing road conditions depends on drivers' qualifications, skills, work experience, reaction time, and other physiological factors. The functional state of drivers is important to consider. It reflects their ability to work reliably and affects both fatigue levels and how fatigue builds up. Factors that impact decision-making speed and quality are crucial when evaluating the risks of the transportation process, particularly those associated with human behavior. This study investigates the safety of freight transportation for drivers, road users, third parties, and the environment. The study focuses on road traffic characteristics in mountainous conditions at high altitudes. The study aims to analyze how drivers' performance is affected while navigating challenging sections of mountain roads in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Four different routes will be examined. The research will provide graphic analysis of the results. It will show the main patterns of changes in drivers' functional state based on the route's complexity. The research aims to analyze indicators of drivers' functional state and their impact on their performance reliability. It allows for a more detailed evaluation of transport routes and planning of truck drivers' work and rest schedules on suburban routes.

A phase 1 study to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of minnelide given alone or in combination with paclitaxel in advanced gastric cancer.

4033 Background: Minnelide is a water-soluble disodium salt variant of triptolide, an HSP70 inhibitor. Studies using pancreatic cancer cell lines and human xenograft transplants demonstrated that Minnelide prevents tumor progression, increases survival, and causes tumor regression. This study aims to evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of Minnelide and its combination with paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Methods: This open-label, single-center, dose-escalation phase I study recruited adult patients with previously treated advanced gastric cancer. Patients received Minnelide per oral (PO) daily starting with 1.0 mg for 3weeks and 1week rest schedule, escalating to 1.25mg, and 1.5mg. In combination Regimen, patients received Minnelide starting at a dose of 0.25 mg and escalating by 0.25mg to 1.25mg plus paclitaxel 60-80 mg/m2 intravenously on Day 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle, administered in 4-week cycles. The primary objective was to assess the safety and determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary objectives included preliminary efficacy using RECIST v1.1, and survival analysis. Results: Among Regimen A (n = 11), two patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLTs) (Minnelide 1.5 mg: Grade 3 abdominal pain). No DLTs occurred in combination treatment, Regimen B & C (n=25). The MTD was Minnelide 1.25 mg once daily for 21days Q4 weeks as monotherapy. The most common Grade ≥3 AEs were neutropenia (19.4%) and abdominal pain (11.1%). In Regimen C, 71.5% achieved either a partial response or a stable disease with the median PFS of 4.5 months, and the median OS of 10.7 months. Notably, patients without previous exposure to paclitaxel (n = 4) in the last 2 cohorts of Regimen C, had a confirmed ORR of 50.0%, DCR of 75.0%, the median PFS was 5.3 months (95% CI NE-NE) and the median OS has not reached as some of the patients are still receiving treatment. Conclusions: The combination of Minnelide plus paclitaxel as salvage treatment in AGC patients showed meaningful clinical activity with a manageable safety profile. Based on this Phase I experience a Phase II will be initiated in AGC patients. Clinical trial information: NCT05566834 .

Stochastic models of work and rest schedules

Purpose. To develop stochastic models for determining the duration of work and rest schedules that ensure protection of workers from occupational hazards and a high level of labor productivity during a work shift. Methodology. Analysis of scientific literature was applied to determine the purpose and tasks of the research; methods of formalization – to describe the characteristics, dynamics and states of random processes of accumulation and elimination of the consequences of the negative impact of harmful production factors occurring in an worker within the work and rest schedules; methods of semi-Markov processes theory, theories of reliability and recovery – to build stochastic models of work and rest schedules, determine the conditions and probability of a stable mode of their operation. Findings. Stochastic models were developed to determine the duration of work schedules, at the end of which the level of accumulation of the consequences of the negative impact of harmful production factors in the worker will not exceed the set maximum permissible values with a high probability. And such durations of rest schedules, at the end of which this level will be equal to zero (also with a high probability). The condition for ensuring the stable operation of these schedules throughout the entire period of work experience at the workplace was determined by the author. Originality. For the first time an approach to the development of work and rest schedules at workplaces is proposed, which, contrary to others, is based on determining the probabilities of the levels of accumulation of the consequences of the negative impact of harmful production factors in the worker at the end of these schedules, given the actual random and dynamic characteristics of such impact. This, in turn, allows ensuring the protection of the worker both from accidents caused by the fatigue and from professional illness. Practical value. The proposed approach allows increasing the economic efficiency of the enterprise by ensuring a high level of labor productivity, which is achieved by simultaneous development of the maximum possible duration of work and the minimum possible duration of rest schedules, which exclude the worker’s development and occurrence of fatigue and professional illness with a high probability.

EXISTENTIAL VALUES AS THE BASIS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF A UNIVERSITY TEACHER: THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

Purpose. The article analyzes the relationship between the existential values of a university teacher and the manifestations of indicators of the emotional sphere. In this study, we consider the problem of a teacher’s psychological well-being from the perspective of an existential approach. An analysis of scientific sources on the issues of neuroticism, emotional and professional burnout of teachers, as well as directions for overcoming a stressful state to achieve psychological well-being, led us to the conclusion that most researchers see a way out exclusively through satisfying needs, regulating work and rest schedules, and mastering self-regulation methods . We agree that such areas of psychological work help to cope with situational stress, but at the same time, we have identified a gap in the study of the psychological properties of the individual, his value field, which can be the support of a stable emotional state, self-satisfaction and professional activity, significantly reducing risks of neurotic symptoms. We propose that there is a fundamental factor, namely existential values, that underlies the state of psychological well-being. Methodology of the research. During the research process, a detailed theoretical examination of various literary sources was carried out, as well as a comparison and assessment of various points of view expressed in the literary works under consideration. An empirical study was conducted on a sample of 130 Russian university teachers of both sexes, from 40 to 75 years old, with more than 18 years of experience, using psychodiagnostic techniques. Quantitative processing of the results was carried out on the basis of the statistical program STATISTICA 6.0. Results. As a result of empirical research, we received an extensive array of data proving the influence of developed existential values on the state of psychological well-being, namely, we came to such conclusions as: ignoring existential values contributes to the manifestation of such neurotic states as maladaptation, guilt, non-acceptance of oneself, non-acceptance of others, hostility, exhaustion, depersonalization, external control, control, escapism. The acceptance of existential values by a teacher entails the formation of such emotional states as adaptability, internality, self-acceptance, acceptance of others, and emotional comfort. Based on empirical data, we formulated a definition of the term “existential well-being”. Scope of the results. The results of the study will help expand the possibilities of individual and group psychological work with emotionally stressful situations to reduce the risks of neurotic manifestations and the formation of adaptive emotional states in the professional activities of a university teacher at the level of acceptance, awareness and disclosure of the individual’s existential values.

Legal Protection of Outsourcing Workers in Manokwari District, Indonesia

The development of the business world in Indonesia, which is increasingly growing in number and has tight competitiveness, has forced company owners to try to improve the quality of their effective and efficient business performance by employing as many workers/laborers as possible with the minimum number of workers possible in the hope that workers/laborers can provide significant contribution and profit to the company. Outsourcing problems are pretty varied as its use is increasingly widespread in the business world while existing regulations still need to be improved to regulate already underway outsourcing. This research aims to determine the application of working time requirements and rest time, calculate overtime wages for outsourcing workers in ManokwariRegency, and determine legal protection for outsourcing workers in Manokwari Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive data approach. The research location is in Manokwari Regency, Indonesia. Data sources include primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques in this research are presented descriptively, namely by explaining, describing, and illustrating according to the problems related to the research. The research results show that implementing rest time requirements in the workplace is critical in maintaining employee well-being and productivity. This includes establishing a clear policy regarding the duration and schedule of breaks by applicablegovernment regulations and labor laws. Companies must ensure that work and rest schedules comply with established legal standards to avoid potential conflicts and legal sanctions.

Independent and joint trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms among Chinese male sailors throughout a prolonged non-24-h rotating shift schedule at sea: a parallel-process growth mixture modeling approach

BackgroundThe predictive and protective effect of hardiness on mental health remains unclear among shift workers on non-24-h working schedules. The present study aimed to investigate the independent and joint trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms and the role of hardiness during a prolonged period of non-24-h shift working schedule.MethodsFour hundred nine Chinese male sailors (working on 18-h watchstanding schedule) were recruited and completed all 5-wave tests through online questionnaires (at Day 1, 14, 28, 42, 55, respectively) during a 55-day sailing. The questionnaires included sociodemographic variables, hardiness, depression and anxiety symptoms. Independent and joint trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms were estimated by latent growth mixture models. The effect of hardiness on trajectories was examined by logistic regression models.Results2 and 3 latent trajectories were identified for depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Based on initial levels and development trends, 3 distinct joint trajectories of depression and anxiety were identifed and named as: “Low-Inverted U” group (73.6%), “Moderate-Deterioration” group (6.9%), and “High-Stable” group (9.5%). Sailors with higher levels of hardiness were more likely to follow the “Low-Inverted U” trajectory of depression and anxiety symptoms (all p < 0.001).ConclusionsThere existed individual differences in the trajectories of depression and anxiety. Hardiness may have a protective effect that can prevent and alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms. Therefore, hardiness-based intervention programs are encouraged among the shift workers on non-24-h working and rest schedules.

Accounting for an individual approach to training of athletes in playing sports (on the example of basketball, volleyball and futsal)

The article is devoted to the study of ways to optimize the training process for student basketball, volleyball and futsal teams, taking into account the individual biorhythmic properties of female athletes. The study determines the importance of individualizing training and preparation, in particular, taking into account circadian rhythms and other biorhythmic aspects that determine physiological and psychological changes in female athletes during the day. The tasks of the study included testing the biological rhythms of female athletes to improve the training process. 36 sportswomen (14 basketball players, 12 volleyball players, 10 soccer players) of the teams of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine took part in the study. The analysis of the biological rhythms of female athletes included various indicators that help to understand their physiological reactions and determine the optimal schedule of training and rest. Among them were taken: heart rate, rhythmic changes in body temperature (measurement of body temperature during the day to determine the circadian rhythm of heat exchange), rhythmic changes in blood pressure (observation of changes in blood pressure during the day to determine the circadian rhythm of cardiovascular activity), indicators of activity and sleep (determination of activity and sleep mode, including time of awakening, time of falling asleep and duration of sleep), hand strength (hand dynamometry), standing long jump. The article examines the results of the study, which include an analysis of the optimal time for training, fatigue and recovery management, adaptation of training programs to biorhythms, and the impact on psychological readiness. The conclusions drawn indicate that an individual approach to training, based on biorhythmic properties and psychomotor qualities, can improve the performance of sportswomen in the aforementioned teams. This article is aimed at coaches, scientists and physical training specialists interested in innovative methods of training female athletes aimed at taking into account their individual biorhythms to achieve optimal results in basketball, volleyball and futsal.

Severity of Agricultural Injuries and Its Economic Consequences in Border Belt of Gurdaspur District of Punjab, India.

This study collected data related to agricultural injuries, analyzed their causes, and suggested possible remedial actions. Few studies from developing countries have investigated this important topic. Such investigations are extremely important and are required to frame national policies. A well-designed structured form was developed to collect and evaluate data on agricultural incidents, their causes, the severity of injuries, and possible prevention methods. The authors followed a door-to-door survey methodology to collect data with the help of local village leaders. Less educated and older adults in the age group 31 to 45 years were more prone to agricultural incidents (p < .05). The mean age of the victims was 35.02 years (95% CI 32.7 to 37.3); 124 (91.18%) of the victims were men; and 21 (15.4%) of the cases were fatal. Tractor rollovers caused most of the deaths. Chaff cutters were responsible for most of the incidents that required amputation. Eighteen (45%) of the chaff-cutter incidents occurred in the evening between 3:00 PM and 6:00 PM, and 12 (30%) of these incidents occurred due to fatigue. The authors strongly recommend that rollover protective structures (ROPS) for tractors and seat belts should be made mandatory in India. Public guidelines emphasizing mandatory higher education for farmers and a model curriculum for both schools and colleges that focuses on the safety of rural populations should be developed. Special training should be provided on the safe operation of machinery and a definitive work - rest schedule should be followed to prevent fatigue and protect agricultural workers from incidents.

Sosialisasi Pencegahan Fatigue Kepada Masyarakat Nelayan Desa Bajomulyo, Juwana, Pati

Fatigue is identified as an occupational health problem in developing countries and is a serious threat to human quality of life if fatigue becomes chronic and excessive. The problems faced by the juvenile fishing community are the risk of accidents and health problems and making the wrong decision in operating a boat can have serious consequences and even loss of life. The purpose of this activity is to provide socialization to the fishermen community regarding the introduction of fatique, causes of fatigue, prevention to avoid fatigue, and what to do during fatigue. The method used is lecture, discussion and question and answer. The implementation of community service is carried out in several stages including the preparation stage, field survey, implementation, and evaluation. The results obtained are the causes of fatigue in sailors, among others due to hard work, malnutrition, staying up late, drugs and alcohol. Fatigue is a condition of the body both physically and psychologically which causes fatigue and lack of concentration so that it is dangerous when working. Conclusions in preventing fatigue can be done by adhering to a rest schedule, adequate nutrition, proper clothing, sufficient drinking, danger alarms.

The Relationship Between Respondents’ Characteristics and Nurses’ Burnout in Caring Covid-19 Patients

Covid-19 causes fear, worry, fatigue, and post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses who are frontline staff in hospitals. Based on a survey at a hospital nurses felt burnout in caring for the covid-19 patients due to lack of rest, lack of concentration when providing nursing care, and physical burnout caused by an increase in patients with COVID-19. This study aims to determine the association between respondent characteristics and nurses’ burnout while in caring for covid-19 patients.This research used a correlation quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was a total sampling of 52 nurses who work at private hospitals in western Indonesia. Data analysis was bivariate with the Pearson chi-square test. The research questionnaire used a subjective questionnaire self-rating test from the industrial fatigue research committee Japan (IFRC). The chi-square test resulted that the variables were not related in caring for covid-19 patients, which is age (p-value = 0.414), gender (p-value = 0.404), education (p-value = 0.069), and marital status (p-value = 0.429). Burnout can occur from several factors such as workload, shift, and work environment. This result can imply for nurses to arrange a time to rest and better scheduling. Nursing managers can also reduce burnout by rewarding, motivating, foster a sense of community in the workplace, and creating a comfortable environment for nurses. Keywords: Burnout, Nurse, Fear, Stress Disorder, Post-Traumatic, Covid-19

ETHICAL ASPECTS OF SUPPLIER COMPANIES

Goal. The article defines the key areas of ethical behavior of supplier companies in the course of their activities on the market and in their relationships with their customers, employees, third parties, and the environment. Method. To realize the set goal, the article uses various general scientific and special methods of scientific research, in particular, the method of scientific abstraction, induction, deduction, synthesis, analysis, comparison, etc. The results. The key features that ethical suppliers should meet in order to form a positive image and reputation of them are outlined. In addition, key requirements for the ethical activity of suppliers in the context of such key positions as commercial good faith, fair competition, conflict of interest, control of international trade, confidentiality and intellectual property, confidentiality and data protection, identification of problems, fair marketing practices are defined. In addition, supplier organizations must ensure the protection of human rights in relation to their employees, direct funds to protect their health, and must also interact responsibly and conscientiously with the environment, ensuring the following aspects: inadmissibility of child labor, free choice of workplace, freedom of participation in associations , compliance with the schedule of work and rest, payment of wages, compliance with benefits, inclusiveness and diversity, absence of threats and harassment, occupational safety, process safety, product safety, environmental protection, water resources and waste management. Scientific novelty. A theoretical substantiation of the need to comply with ethical requirements by supplier companies in their professional activities and in relations with partners, clients and stakeholders for their more effective functioning on the market has been made. Practical significance. The obtained results of the conducted analysis are suitable for use in the process of developing codes of ethics of supplier companies in the domestic market, compliance with which will have a positive effect on the relationship between suppliers and their customers, will contribute to the formation of a positive business image of both the supplier company itself and those companies that interact with it.

Fatigue as a key human factor in complex sociotechnical systems: Vessel Traffic Services.

Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) are considered a subsystem of people, whose mission is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of maritime transport within the maritime system. VTS operate as a control system where Vessel Traffic Services Operators (VTSOs) must cope with a complex environment to make up for safe and efficient maritime transport, so it is essential to understand how these operators maintain control through adapting to the uncertain and dynamic environment of maritime traffic. This multidisciplinary study explores how human factors within this complex sociotechnical system, means VTS, play a role in maritime safety, specifically focusing on fatigue, which is considered a key variable for VTSOs' performance. In this context, the research has focused on the assessment of fatigue with psychological and operational instruments to highlight the importance of the human element in CSSs. To study the intra and inter-individual differences in fatigue ratings and their relationships with other personal and environmental variables: mental workload, work shifts, reaction time, and hours of usual sleep. The study was conducted in two of the 19 Spanish Maritime Rescue Coordination Centers (MRCCs) with a sample of 23 active VTSOs (82.14% of the staff). Both objective and standardized subjective measures were used to assess fatigue and associated sleepiness (Borg RPE, Nasa-TLX, Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and Self-Assessment Manikin Scale). A significant positive correlation between fatigue and mental workload was found, being more prevalent in the night shift, which shows a bigger variation in these variables. A significant difference was found in the increase in fatigue experienced throughout the shift depending on the hours of usual sleep, being smaller in the group of subjects reporting to sleep more. The human element is key to maritime safety related to Vessel Traffic Services, so it is of paramount importance to consider certain measures to counteract the negative effects of fatigue. A proper organization of duties on/off periods, assessment of work and rest schedules, and the implementation of fatigue management programs based on sleep education are recommended.

Perspectives on fatigue in short-haul flight operations from US pilots: A focus group study

There are few studies investigating the impact of fatigue in short-haul flight operations conducted under United States (US) 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 117 flight and duty limitations and rest requirements. In order to understand the fatigue factors unique to short-haul operations, we conducted a series of focus groups across four major commercial passenger airlines in the US. Ninety short-haul pilots were recruited through emails distributed by airline safety teams and labor representatives. Fourteen focus groups were conducted via an online conferencing platform in which participants were asked to identify short-haul schedules and operations that they felt: a) elevated fatigue, b) were not fatiguing, and c) were important to study. Data were collected anonymously and coded using conventional qualitative content analysis, with axial coding and summative analysis used to identify main themes and over-arching categories. The six fatigue factor categories identified were: circadian disruption, high workload, inadequate rest opportunity, schedule changes, regulation implementation and policy issues, and long sits. It appears that additional mitigation strategies may be needed to manage fatigue in short-haul operations beyond the current regulations. Future field studies of short-haul operations in the US should investigate the prevalence and impact of these factors.

Evaluasi Kondisi Kerja Pada UMKM Pempek Menggunakan Work Improvement In Small Enterprises (Wise)

Pempek Ita is a MSMEs that produces several types of processed pempek products, based on the results of initial observations there are several problems in their working conditions and the absence of K3 implementation in the workplace. This study aims to improve the work system by evaluating the condition of Pempek Ita using the WISE checklist, then using the Borda method for decision making. The evaluation results from the WISE checklist contained 19 elements that required corrective action. By using the Borda method, it is obtained that decision making for the priority of improving the work system is the work organization because it has the highest weight, which is 23%. Then a proposal for improvement of the work system is made based on the criteria of the work organization, namely implementing a periodic rest schedule in accordance with Article 79 paragraph (2) letter a of Law no. 13/2003 stipulates that companies must provide rest periods between working hours, at least half an hour after workers have worked continuously for 4 hours and that rest time does not include working hours. And conduct training programs for employees regarding OHS. General OHS expert training (Indonesian Ministry of Manpower Certification) is a program of the Ministry of Manpower (KEMNAKER) to prepare OHS experts in companies who can help develop OHS in companies.

Modified work–rest schedule of the handloom weavers

BACKGROUND: A sustainable work schedule is created by employing proper work and recuperation cycles, as well as balancing high- and low-effort tasks. The work of the handloom weaver was physically and mentally taxing. However, they do not take breaks and work nonstop. Short breaks are good for both physical work and job-related mental and cognitive stress. Therefore, a quick break is used as an intervention. METHODS: Participants in this study included 100 handloom weavers. A modified work–rest plan consists of 50 min of labor and 10 min of rest per hour. To order to calculate Brouha's index, recovery heart rate data were collected after work for 3 min while the participant was seated. Using the flicker-fusion frequency test, visual tiredness was assessed. RESULTS: A newly developed work–rest cycle lessens tiredness and becomes more effective over time. The newly created work–rest plan for the handloom weavers dramatically reduces perceived exertion and energy expenditure. CONCLUSION: The modified work–rest schedule decreased cardiovascular and mental stress. This work–rest schedule will therefore reduce fatigue and help with the work if it is used in this sector.

Сравнительная характеристика физического развития учащихся кадетских и общеобразовательных учреждений

INTRODUCTION: Currently, the problem of the influence of the education conditions on the health of the child population is relevant in view of the existence of numerous forms of education and upbringing. AIM: To perform a comparative assessment of the parameters of physical development of children studying in different types of educational organizations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The article presents the results of studies of the physical development of children and adolescents studying in the Cossack cadet corps and in a secondary school of Astrakhan. The study involved children and adolescents of male sex aged 10–17 years. As the main parameters, standard anthropometric and physiometric parameters determined by standard methods, were used. A peculiarity of studying in the Cossack corps is a round-the-clock stay in the school territory, a strict observance of work and rest schedule, regular physical activity and rational diet appropriate to the age. RESULTS: The data obtained indicate a higher physical development of cadets in comparison with schoolchildren. However, the anthropometric parameters of the school pupils corresponded to the average age-related values. Among the cadets of the Cossack corps, here were no children with overweight, and a lower amount of children with deficit of body mass in comparison with schoolchildren. Parameters of lung capacity and dynamometry were reliably higher among cadets, which indicates their better physical fitness. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of physical development of children studying in different conditions shows a positive influence of the conditions of the cadet corps on the harmonious development of children and on their physical fitness. The regular sports activity, daily routine, proper diet create the basics for healthy lifestyle and motivation of children and adolescents to preserve their health in the future.

Predicting Maximum Work Duration for Construction Workers

One of the most common health problems that threaten the transportation infrastructure construction workers in Hong Kong is heat stress. An effective way to reduce this problem is to design a proper work–rest schedule, and the key issue is predicting the maximum working duration given the different conditions of the workers and the surrounding environment, which is the research question of this study. Air temperature, an important input feature, is also determined by the maximum working duration itself, i.e., the input feature is a function of the prediction target. Therefore, the prediction model developed is different from ordinary prediction models and is hard to solve by standard statistical or machine learning models. For the prediction process, a trial-and-error algorithm is proposed to derive a solution based on two theorems that are rigorously proved; there exists a unique solution, and the solution is within a certain range in the prediction model. The proposed model and its solution approach were constructed and validated using simulated data; temperature data were collected from Hong Kong Observatory. The results showed that the mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and R2 of the test set were 0.1378, 0.1123, and 0.8182, respectively, showing that the prediction performance was generally accurate. This study can help construction practitioners and governments to rationally design the work–rest schedules of transportation infrastructure construction workers and thus protect them from the risks brought about by heat stress.

Differences in Behavioral Practices of Health Maintenance and Promotion between Knowledge and Manual Workers

Introduction: The problem of maintaining and promoting health is relevant for all working citizens, regardless of the form and conditions of their work. A decrease in the mortality rate in the working-age population is one of the priorities of the national demographic policy. Employers shall pay great attention to occupational safety, prevention of occupational injuries and diseases, and work–rest schedule. Routine behavioral practices of employees, however, play an important role in health promotion. At the same time, the form of labor activity affects their attitude to a healthy lifestyle and the respective behavior pattern. The objective of the study was to analyze current differences in behavioral practices of health maintenance and promotion between manual and non-manual workers. Methods: The article is based on the results of the social survey of 1,500 people aged 18 years and older conducted on April 18–27, 2022 in 30 regions of the Russian Federation using the method of an in-home personal interview. Result: The results of the survey revealed different behavioral practices in workers of physical and mental labor. Knowledge workers generally pay more attention to their health: they take dietary supplements and vitamins, have regular health checkup, follow basic principles of a healthy lifestyle, including systematic physical activity, a healthy diet, and rejection of bad habits. Blue-collar workers, however, raise concern as they demonstrate opposite results. Conclusions: The survey findings are of interest in terms of assessing the potential of strengthening health resources of manual and non-manual workers. Measures of health promotion and disease prevention can be more effective if they address both occupational risks and lifestyle behaviors of the workforce.

DRIVER’S TRIP TICKET IN A DIGITAL MODEL OF AN EFFICIENT MOTOR TRANSPORT COMPANY

Study and assessment of applications of a driver’s trip ticket within the scope of a motor transport company’s digital transformation are of practical interest. One of the functions of a trip ticket is ensuring road traffic safety during transportation, as it document ally confirms that the vehicle is technically sound and the driver has passed a medic al examination. Moreover, the trip ticket also allows monitoring if the driver complies with the work and rest schedule. The trip ticket is a document confirming the reasonableness of the amount spent by the motor transport company.&#x0D; Study of a digital system for a motor transport company management has demonstrated the errors or fraud of employees during trip tickets processing. A conceptual diagram of the Transportation Management System is presented, which provides the application of route optimization programs, the results of vehicles satellite monitoring, the formation of daily tasks, and the preparation of work reports. This is the basis we propose for improving business processes to increase the efficiency of transport activities.&#x0D; Purpose: study of the role of trip tickets and their processing by a digital management system in increasing the efficiency of a motor transport company.&#x0D; Methodology: Process Mining associated with keeping and processing trip tickets.&#x0D; Results: Collected statistics allows improving business processes of the motor transport company to increase the efficiency of its activities.&#x0D; Practical implications: Companies with any form of incorporation and in any economic sector operating motor vehicles.

Types, Risk Factors, Consequences, and Detection Methods of Train Driver Fatigue and Distraction.

Train drivers' inattention, including fatigue and distraction, impairs their ability to drive and is the major risk factor for human-caused train accidents. Many experts have undertaken numerous studies on train driver exhaustion and distraction, but a systematic study is still missing. Through a systematic review, this work aims to outline the types, risk factors, consequences, and detection methods of train driver fatigue and distraction. The effects of central nervous fatigue and cognitive distraction in train drivers during driving are caused by rest and sleep schedules, workload, automation levels, and mobile phones. Furthermore, train drivers' fatigue and distraction can cause loss of concentration and slow reaction, resulting in dangerous driving behaviour such as speeding and SPAD. Researchers have combined subjective reporting, physiological parameters, and physical factors to construct detection algorithms with good results to detect train driver fatigue and distraction. This review offers recommendations for researchers looking into train driver fatigue and distraction. And it can also make valuable recommendations for future studies about railway traffic safety.