Responsible Parties Research Articles

Trajectory reconstruction of buoys using Qingdao harbour data: Filling missing buoy trajectories using LSTM-Attention model

In maritime operations, instances occur where vessels flee after colliding with buoys. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data collected from these buoys play a vital role in identifying the responsible party and determining liability. However, data from buoys can be lost in rough sea conditions and equipment failure, which makes it difficult to identify accidents where ships collide with buoys. To address this issue, this study proposes a model that combines Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) with Multiple Attention mechanisms to reconstruct buoy trajectories with high precision. In this paper, the buoy trajectory reconstruction test is carried out using Qingdao Harbour Buoy 304 a case study, and the validation results show that the mean squared error (MSE) of this model is 12.15. In addition, the LSTM-Attention model shows a significant improvement in all the metrics compared with other models: compared with the Random sampling model, the mean absolute error (MAE) is improved by 75.15%, and the root mean squared error (RMSE) by 71.02%; MSE by 77.31%, MAE by 36.70%, and RMSE by 52.36% compared to the Cubic spline model; and MSE by 49.92%, MAE by 27.35%, and RMSE by 29.52% compared to the Hermite model. These results show that the LSTM-Attention model significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of trajectory reconstruction.

Optimizing residential flexibility for sustainable energy management in distribution networks

In search of a sustainable and green economy, many initiatives have been undertaken to promote clean energy and enhance local flexibility. Residential flexibility, achieved through home appliances capable of adjusting their consumption profiles, offers a feasible solution for operators to address challenges such as congestion and balancing in distribution systems. This paper considered an improved approach for aggregators to provide flexibility in distribution systems. By leveraging load flexibility resources, the model facilitates the rescheduling of real-time and shifting appliances to meet the demands of Balance Responsible Parties (BRPs) or Distribution System Operators (DSOs). This study uses a number of approaches to solve the recommended model effectively despite the problem's inherent complexity. An extensive test case with twenty residential houses equipped with seven types of appliances each is run in order to confirm and compare the optimization algorithms' performance. The results show that by rescheduling home appliance loads across 24 hours, the aggregator may effectively accommodate flexibility requests from DSOs/BRPs while optimizing the expenses associated with user compensation. To further improve the optimization process, this study uses a new Reinforced Learning Quantum Inspired Grey Wolf Optimization (RLQIGWO). Through the integration of reinforcement learning and quantum mechanics principles into the original grey wolf optimizer, RLQIGWO achieves better performance in load balancing, resource utilization, and execution of tasks. The findings demonstrate that the proposed RLQIGWO improves the efficacy and competence of flexibility options in distribution networks, paving the way to a more adaptable and strong energy management strategy.

Gap Analysis of Good Manufacturing Practices for The Household Industry (CPPB-IRT) Implementation at MN Sambal MSMEs, Bogor

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the food sector play a crucial role in supporting food security and local economic growth. A common challenge faced by these businesses is the lack of implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices for Household Industry (CPPB-IRT) that This hinders their ability to obtain the SPP-IRT (Household Industry Food Production Certificate), which is essential for ensuring food safety and quality. MN Sambal, an MSME producing chili sauce as a food product susceptible to spoilage and poses a significant risk to consumers if not handled properly. To assess MN Sambal's compliance with CPPB-IRT standards, research data was collected through observation, interviews, checklists, and literature review. The gap analysis based on BPOM regulation No. HK.03.1.23.04.12.2206 2012 revealed that MN Sambal achieved a high level of compliance are 83.8% conformity aspect and 16.2% non-conformity aspect. These non-conformities were identified in six aspects: Hygiene and Sanitation Facilities and Activities, Process Control, Food Labelling, Supervision by Responsible Parties, and Employee Training. Based on these nonconformities, it is recommended that MN Sambal undertake corrective actions to enhance CPPB-IRT implementation and increase its chances of obtaining the SPP-IRT certification, which will ultimately lead to increased product value and market expansion.

The Rational Drug Use Within the Scope of Patient Safety

Patient safety is an approach that aims to minimize the risks that patients may encounter during their treatment processes at every stage of healthcare. It is extremely important for health professionals to work in accordance with ethical, professional standards and to use correct diagnosis and treatment methods. The process of rational drug use involves first carefully defining the patient's problem, applying reliable drug treatment with proven effectiveness, and monitoring and evaluating the results. In rational drug use, the responsible parties are the physician who decides on drug use, the pharmacist who provides the drug under appropriate conditions, the nurse who administers the drug, and the patient who is treated. Especially in hospitals, it is the nurse's responsibility to give, administer, monitor and prevent possible side effects of medications. Nurses' duties in the medication management process are not limited to administering medications correctly to patients; they also play a critical role in the effectiveness and safety of medications. In the current review, the importance of rational drug use within the scope of patient safety is emphasized and the duties of health professionals are expressed.

Invisible Injuries, Visible Justice: The Maxim Injuria Sine Damnum in Environmental Cases

This paper delves into the concept of Injuria Sine Damnum, which refers to injury without financial loss, in the context of environmental law. It focuses on situations where environmental harm does not result in direct monetary damages. The paper discusses important cases such as M.C. Mehta v. Union of India and Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v. Union of India to demonstrate how the Indian judiciary addresses environmental injuries that extend beyond financial impacts, recognizing their effects on public welfare and ecosystems. The research explores various legal methods for holding responsible parties accountable, including Public Interest Litigation (PIL), statutory protections, and the principles of strict and absolute liability. Furthermore, it compares these approaches with the case of Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency to illustrate the global development of environmental jurisprudence. This comparison shows how courts worldwide are acknowledging the broader impacts of environmental harm on public health and ecological integrity. The paper argues for the extension of the principle of Injuria Sine Damnum to address emerging issues such as climate change and biodiversity loss. These issues may not immediately lead to economic effects but have significant communal and ecological implications, highlighting the necessity for legal frameworks that uphold environmental rights and public interests.

Cross-Border Data Flows and the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 – Part I: The Territorial Scope Provision

The Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA) was introduced to protect the right to privacy of the South African data subject. The Act prescribes obligations that a responsible party must fulfil to achieve this purpose. However, for the Act to be enforced against a responsible party who has transgressed any of its provisions, the responsible party needs to be brought under its jurisdiction. To that end, POPIA makes provision for a territorial scope provision (section 3) based on the notion of domicilium and the use of automated and non-automated means for processing personal information situated in the Republic. This article makes use of comparative analysis to interpret the content of these provisions with reference to the European Union (EU)'s 1995 Data Protection Directive (DPD), on which they were modelled, and its successor, the 2016 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The article demonstrates that section 3 can give rise to interpretative uncertainties which could result therein that personal information processed by responsible parties who are outside the Republic would not be regulated by the Act, or that these parties could move their processing activities out of the country to escape liability. An expansive interpretation of these provisions by the courts is needed to plug these gaps; alternatively, legislative revision must be undertaken in line with developments in the EU, where the GDPR endeavoured to address some of these aspects.

Distributional reinforcement learning-based energy arbitrage strategies in imbalance settlement mechanism

Growth in the penetration of renewable energy sources makes supply more uncertain and leads to an increase in the system imbalance. This trend, together with the single imbalance pricing, opens an opportunity for balance responsible parties (BRPs) to perform energy arbitrage in the imbalance settlement mechanism. To this end, we propose a battery control framework based on distributional reinforcement learning. Our proposed control framework takes a risk-sensitive perspective, allowing BRPs to adjust their risk preferences: we aim to optimize a weighted sum of the arbitrage profit and a risk measure (value-at-risk in this study) while constraining the daily number of cycles for the battery. We assess the performance of our proposed control framework using the Belgian imbalance prices of 2022 and compare two state-of-the-art RL methods, deep Q-learning and soft actor–critic (SAC). Results reveal that the distributional soft actor–critic method outperforms other methods. Moreover, we note that our fully risk-averse agent appropriately learns to hedge against the risk related to the unknown imbalance price by (dis)charging the battery only when the agent is more certain about the price.

Automobile Insurance Fraud Detection Based on PSO-XGBoost Model and Interpretable Machine Learning Method

Automobile insurance fraud has become a critical concern for the insurance industry, posing significant threats to socio-economic stability and commercial interests. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a PSO-XGBoost fraud detection framework and uses explainable artificial intelligence to interpret the predictions. The framework combines an XGBoost classifier with the particle swarm optimization algorithm and is validated through a comparative evaluation against other models. Traditional methods, including SVM, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and BP Neural Network, demonstrate moderate accuracy, ranging from 54.1% to 68.6%, while more advanced models like Random Forest reach up to 78.4%. Compared to the standard XGBoost, the PSO-optimized model achieves 3% superior accuracy, achieving an impressive 95% success rate. Moreover, SHAP is used to extract and visually depict the contribution of each feature to the model's predictions. It turns out that the policyholder's claim amount is the most significant factor in detecting automobile insurance fraud, with other factors such as vehicle type, responsible party, and the insurer's age also considerably influencing the prediction performance. This paper therefore proves that combining the PSO-XGBoost model with SHAP approach can substantially improve the early warning and prevention of automobile insurance fraud.

Local roots and rebellion: Constituency connections and legislative behaviour of British MPs, 2010–21

Abstract This study explores the relationship between the local roots of Westminster MPs and parliamentary party discipline, a central principle of the British system of responsible party government. While recently the local base of MPs has attracted increasing academic attention, only little effort has been put into investigating how this might influence the political behaviour of parliamentarians. In order to do so, this study utilizes a comprehensive database on the local base of British parliamentarians, which includes data on all Westminster MPs from 2010 to 2021, supplemented with information on parliamentary dissent. Contrary to theoretical assumptions and existing international studies, localness is shown to have no positive influence on MPs propensity for parliamentary rebellion. This suggests that the increasing recruitment of local candidates does not challenge the traditional functionality of the responsible party system of government, yet nor should localness be seen as a panacea for the perceived representational deficits of British democracy.

Strategies for Enhancing Sharing Economy Practices Across Diverse Industries: A Systematic Review

The sharing economy (SE) is a nascent phenomenon representing a socio-economic process to optimise underutilised resources through digital platforms. This process facilitates the shared consumption of resources to maximise resource utilisation while supporting the circularity of resources. However, the successful operation of SE practices is hindered by the lack of identification of effective strategies for enhancing the SE implications, which are essential to comprehending SE practices and developing more sophisticated applications. Therefore, this research aims to provide the first insights into the strategies that enhance SE practices across diverse industries and identify knowledge gaps and future research directions. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted by selecting articles published in the 2014–2023 period in Scopus and Web of Science databases. Selected articles were subjected to descriptive and NVivo 14-supported thematic analyses. The descriptive analysis showed that, despite considering articles published in the last 10 years, all relevant articles were published in the last 5 years. Developed and developing countries showed almost equal contributions, while China was recognised as the country with the highest number of publications. Accommodation and transportation sectors were reported as the sectors with the highest number of publications. A cross-analysis was conducted to recognise the varying utilisation of different strategies across diverse industries and sectors. Ten different categories were identified through the thematic analysis that enhance SE practices: economic; environmental; geographic; governance; health, safety, and security; marketing; people; product/services; research, training, education; and technology-related strategies. Each category was discussed along with its relevant strategies, resulting in identifying a total of 84 strategies. These strategies were then presented alongside the responsible parties tasked with their implementation. The study contributes to the SE literature by providing an SLR for contemporary strategies utilised to enhance SE practices, specifically focusing on elucidating the most appropriate categorisation of these strategies. Moreover, this comprehensive SLR provides the first insights into the effective strategies that enhance SE practices across diverse industries.

The Legal Issues of Contractual Liability for the Act of the Thing “Comparative Study”

Civil liability is based on a fundamental principle that anyone who causes harm through their fault is obligated to provide compensation. The essence of this principle is that an individual is held accountable only for their personal conduct, even if it takes the form of omission, particularly within the scope of contractual liability. However, there are always exceptions to the rule. Does an individual bear responsibility for the actions of objects used in the execution or hindrance of a contract, or for causing harm to the creditor, such as tools, means, or machinery used in conjunction with contract execution? Based on this, the study seeks to explore one of the exceptional cases in contractual liability that goes beyond the scope of personal theory in its basic and general concept, namely, contractual liability for the act of the thing. Especially considering that civil legislation, for the most part, has not explicitly addressed the regulation of this liability, which has sparked controversy and discussions regarding adaptation and the determination of the responsible party and the extent of their liability. This study aims to propose logical solutions based on the realities of the available legal principles.

Moving the needle on home health: Reconceptualizing social problems in a multi-stakeholder system

Despite significant evidence that housing quality plays a key role in the overall health of the population, health risks that originate at home have failed to garner direct policy attention or intervention commensurate with their impact. Drawing on the sociology of social problems, we identify how causal and political responsibility for risks in the United States context is complicated when these environmental health risks are embedded in private homes. We argue that changing how home health is addressed by health and building practitioners requires a reconceptualization of home health whereby the multiple responsible parties and sources of exposure become leverage points for future research and interventions. This reframing includes identifying housing as an arena of health, representing a class of risks tied to place. We also contend that health is an essential element of homes as systems and must be embedded in how those in building science, construction, property management, and code design approach housing. Finally, we suggest the need for specialists to navigate home health issues, drawing on the hospitalist model of health provision. These proposals illustrate multiple points at which residents, researchers, and health and building professionals may intervene and home health risks can be addressed.

From Institutions to Families? The Changing Allocation of Responsibility for Cognitively Disabled Children in Dutch Postwar Long-Term Care Policies

Who is responsible for health care? Neoliberal policies since the 1970s seem to place this responsibility increasingly on the individual, in a process that is called responsibilization. The recent literature on neoliberalism, however, has questioned the preference of free-market liberalism for individual responsibility and shows how neoliberals often made common cause with communitarian conservatives on social policies. Melinda Cooper, for instance, has argued in her book Family Values that free-market liberals and social conservatives in the US both identified the family as a ‘wholesale alternative to the 20-century welfare state’. This article investigates whether this coalition of neoliberals and social conservatives, who agree on the importance of familial solidarity in addition to market freedom, has also played a role in the making of Dutch health care policies. By tracing how responsibility for long-term care has been allocated in the postwar Netherlands in the specific case of children with (cognitive) disabilities, the author will show how ‘the family’ has increasingly been embraced by policymakers as the main responsible party. This is remarkable because the Dutch postwar welfare state sought to loosen family ties in favour of individual arrangements. However, attempts by different stakeholders to deinstitutionalize Dutch health care during the 1990s unintentionally moved the state's responsibility for long-term care not so much onto individuals as onto families.

Abusive litigation in China: comparative insights and practical approaches for reform

This article provides a comprehensive examination of abusive litigation in both civil and criminal cases in China, focusing on its forms and impacts. It proposes nuanced regulatory approaches that emphasize the importance of identifying responsible parties and implementing appropriate compensation measures. In the Chinese legal system, abusive litigation varies by context. In civil cases, it often manifests as actions that clog the courts and drain legal resources, raising concerns about lawyer accountability and the financial burdens on victims. Although frequently discussed in Chinese literature, the above topic has seen limited comparative analysis, despite similar problems existing across different jurisdictions and a clear need for mutual learning. The article suggests that, in civil cases, insights from English and Dutch law could assist Chinese regulators in reducing incentives for lawyers to pursue unmeritorious or abusive cases and improving compensation for victims. In the criminal law context, abusive litigation is more prevalent in minor offenses in China, primarily due to issues related to the public power structure. The proposal emphasizes the need to optimize power distribution within the Chinese legal system, thereby safeguarding the integrity of the law and upholding human rights.

Enhancing Data Accessibility and Usability: Insights from Observation Data at the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (2005-2023)

The Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) has been a critical site for collecting oceanic and atmospheric data over 19 years (2005-2023). This study analyzes key parameters including tide, wave, water temperature, salinity, wind, air temperature, etc. While these datasets have provided valuable insights into regional climatic and oceanographic phenomena, significant incorrect data were identified, particularly in the records from 2015 to 2019. Issues such as overlapping data spanning multiple years, non-chronological ordering, and discrepancies in decimal precision were detected likely due to inadequate data handling during the adjustment process in programs like Excel. These errors, which persisted for years without detection or correction, highlight a lack of responsibility and verification among both government and private sector employees involved in data management. Given the substantial investment of government resources in the IORS, the continuous presence of incorrect data on official platforms raises concerns that extend beyond the responsible parties to the broader scientific and public communities. To prevent future occurrences, the study emphasized the need for stringent data management practices and ongoing accuracy in data handling, ensuring that the IORS continues to serve as a reliable resource for oceanographic research in Korea and globally.

MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION AND THE LEARNING ASSESSMENT PROCESS IN THE EARLY YEARS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

This study analyzed the influence of parental and/or guardian involvement on the academic performance of 3rd-grade students at the Municipal School Santa Luzia in Cajazeiras, Macaíba. The specific objectives included understanding parents’ and/or guardians’ perceptions of their role in the educational process, exploring their participation in students’ learning, identifying factors that affected their effective participation, and proposing strategies to encourage greater involvement of these responsible parties in the school. A qualitative case study methodology was adopted, utilizing semi-structured interviews, analysis of official documents, and a literature review. The sample consisted of 24 3rd-grade students, 2 teachers, 2 administrators, and 10 parents and/or guardians. The results revealed a significant relationship between parental support and students’ academic performance. Students who received more support or supervision from their parents or guardians performed better academically. The study emphasizes the importance of active parental and/or guardian involvement in students’ school life, not only in terms of financial and material support but also in interaction with teachers and other members of the school community. A notable aspect of the research was the formative/summative assessment conducted with parents present in the classroom. The results of this assessment, not disclosed to the students and their families, were quite revealing: when parents were present, students’ correct responses ranged from 95% to 100%, while in the absence of parents, correct responses ranged from 20% to 50%. This result highlights the significant influence that parental participation can have on students’ academic success.

Overview of the spine medicolegal environment in the United States

Spine surgeons face significant medicolegal risks over the course of their careers. Malpractice law is fragmented with an extensive variety of regulations depending on the individual state. The political environment in the United States is unlikely to address tort reform in the foreseeable future. Therefore, it is incumbent on spine surgeons to be familiar with the medicolegal framework and the strategies to mitigate risk. Additionally, with the growing use of enabling technology including navigation, robotics, and artificial intelligence, many questions remain about the impact of these systems on patient care and the responsible parties when the machines become more autonomous.

Penanganan Sampah Satelit Ruang Angkasa Pada Low Earth Orbit Berdasarkan Hukum Internasional

Increased space activity in recent decades has resulted in an increase in the amount of space junk, often referred to as orbital debris. One of the most affected regions is Low Earth Orbit (LEO), where most satellites operate. Satellite debris in Earth orbit, particularly in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), has become an increasingly pressing problem. Its presence can endanger other satellites, space missions and even human life on Earth. The 1967 Space Treaty, as an international agreement governing activities in outer space, has an important role to play in addressing satellite debris. This study analyzes the obligations and responsibilities of states parties in mitigating and addressing the space debris problem in accordance with the basic principles outlined in the Space Treaty. Furthermore, it evaluates the effectiveness of the 1967 Space Treaty in addressing the satellite debris problem. It is recognized that the 1967 Space Treaty has laid an important legal foundation, but a more stringent and comprehensive legal instrument is needed to effectively address this issue. This journal is expected to contribute to the understanding of the international legal framework in handling satellite debris, and encourage the development of stronger legal instruments to preserve the space environment.

Land matters: how Indigenous land restitution can inform loss and damage policy and chart a path toward an otherwise climate justice

ABSTRACT Loss and damage (L&D) has emerged as a focus for climate justice within the international policy arena and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change meetings. L&D proposals often centre on a liberal conception of distributive justice, arguing that high-emitting parties must compensate those most vulnerable to climate change, who typically bear the least responsibility for it. This frame positions climate justice as reparations, financial support for adaptation, and other forms of restitution for impacted communities. I support L&D action and agree that responsible parties should pay. However, I urge caution about the underlying assumptions of liberal justice. What is of commensurate value for communities that lose access to sites of deep biocultural and spiritual heritage because of climate change? In considering this question, I draw from research on Indigenous land rights and restitution politics in Latin America to illustrate how L&D proposals and policies can learn from Indigenous experiences navigating the pursuit of justice through courts. I examine limitations of liberal justice to highlight pathways for thinking climate justice otherwise. Lessons from Indigenous land restitution make clear that rethinking the framing of L&D policy is essential to avoid replicating the logics that drive destructive development and resultant social inequality.

Perancangan Sistem ERP Modul Point Of Sale Berbasis Odoo Pada Banyuwangi Festival Dengan Metode Rapid Application Development

The sales report of SMEs at the Banyuwangi Festival is an indicator of the success of the festival. In the process of collecting the sales report, the Banyuwangi Tourism and Culture Office, as the current responsible party, still does it without an information system, making the management of the sales report of SMEs at the Banyuwangi Festival inefficient. Using the Rapid Application Diagram (RAD) method, the design of an ERP system in the form of a point of sale module based on the Odoo application at the Banyuwangi Tourism and Culture Office and the Banyuwangi Festival SMEs is carried out to obtain an efficient process of collecting the sales report of SMEs at the Banyuwangi Festival. The design using the RAD method is carried out to obtain results that are in line with user needs. The results of this research show that the designed ERP system can improve business process efficiency for institutions and efficient sales management for SMEs. The impact of this research is expected to improve data management accuracy, increase collaboration, and optimize sales of Banyuwangi Festival SME products.