Survey Responses Research Articles

Supporting In-Service and Pre-Service Teachers in Rethinking Formative Literacy Assessments

Oral reading assessments provide teachers with valuable information about children’s reading abilities, which can then inform instruction. However, the structure of some oral reading assessments (e.g., running records) have been critiqued, especially when they are used to provide students with a prescribed “reading level”. The purpose of the current study was to support in-service teachers (ISTs) and pre-service teachers (PSTs) in implementing a highly supportive oral reading assessment, the Listening to Reading–Watching While Writing Protocol (LTR—WWWP), which guides teachers towards specific instructional targets for individual children instead of a score or level. We were curious about the ISTs’ and PSTs’ perceptions of the protocol, including its affordances and limitations. Data sources were the ISTs’ feedback responses and the researcher fieldnotes after five professional learning sessions, as well as the PSTs’ survey responses after learning about the protocol during literacy method courses. Results revealed that both the ISTs and PSTs found the protocol to be useful, and they appreciated the concrete information it provides regarding multiple components of literacy (e.g., decoding, comprehension monitoring). However, they also noted logistical concerns regarding assessment implementation and selecting authentic texts. Results also revealed misconceptions about the assessment, which subsequently informed revisions of the LTR-WWWP and the related professional learning.

Recommendations for the optimization of student led free vision screening programs

PurposeTo report the summary characteristics of operational models associated with Student Led Free Vision Screening Programs (SLFVSP) and to identify opportunities for program optimization.MethodsAn 81-question mixed methods survey was distributed to SLFVSP leaders nationwide and Medical Student Educators within the American University Ophthalmology Professors (AUPO) Association. Survey responses were analyzed using Mann Whitney U and Fisher’s Exact tests. Themes considering the assets and liabilities of SLFVSPs were summarized using self-reported qualitative data from survey responses. Qualitative and quantitative themes considering were then synthesized into a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, & Threats (SWOT) analysis for a collective appraisal of SLFVSP operations. Finally, drivers were identified to generate change ideas to improve SLFVP operations through a collaborative, quality improvement model.ResultsA total of 16 survey responses were included from programs operational for a median of 6 years. Most respondent programs (n = 9) reported year-long operations; no preference between weekday (n = 8) and weekend (n = 7) screening activities was identified. Programs obtained funding from a diverse array of internal and external sources. There was no significant difference in wait time for scheduled appointments compared to a walk-in strategy; overall door-to-door visit times ranged from 15 min to 120 min. Screenings were held in several locations, most commonly in Federally Qualified Health Centers (n = 8) and religious centers (n = 6). Most screening event volunteers were first- and second-year medical students. The qualitative thematic analysis demonstrated that the most commonly self-reported asset was improving access to scarce vision screening services (n = 7) while the most commonly self-reported liability was difficulty recruiting faculty and/or resident for oversight (n = 5). The SWOT analysis revealed while the participant SLFVSPs were bolstered by site experience, community and corporate partnerships for glasses and space to hold vision screening, and institutional support from academic ophthalmology departments, limitations included difficulty with recruitment, space limitations, and poor follow-up care infrastructure.ConclusionCollaborative standardization of SLFVSP operations can promote targeted staff training, organizational stewardship, and consensus building to ensure SLFVSP can offer sustainable vision screening programs that build vision equity at the community level.

Prevalence and associations of problematic smartphone use with smartphone activities, psychological well-being, and sleep quality in a household survey of Singapore adults.

Despite the many benefits of smartphones, researchers have raised concerns over problematic smartphone use (PSU) and its negative effects on physical and psychological well-being. Studies examining PSU and its impact among adults remain limited. Hence, we aim to examine the prevalence of PSU among adults in Singapore, and explore its associations with smartphone activities, sleep quality, and psychological well-being, as well as age and gender-related differences in these associations. A household survey (n = 1200) was conducted among multi-ethnic Singapore adults aged 21 to 60. The survey employed a proportionate stratified random sampling approach. The Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version was used to determine risk of PSU. Adjusted multivariable logistic regressions, age-stratified (21-30, and above 30) analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed. The survey response rate was 45.7%. PSU prevalence rate was estimated to be 34.0%. Adults at risk were younger (OR = 3.72, p < 0.001), had poor sleep quality (OR = 2.94), reported depressive (OR = 2.84, p = 0.001) or anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.44, p < 0.001), tend to use smartphones for social media (OR = 2.81, p = 0.002) or entertainment (OR = 2.72, p < 0.001). Protective factors include higher levels of social support (OR = 0.76, p = 0.007), using smartphones for calling family (OR = 0.39, p = 0.003) and friends (OR = 0.53, p = 0.030), and spending four hours or less of smartphone usage duration (OR = 0.40, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings. Associations between PSU and poor sleep quality (OR = 3.72, p < 0.001), depressive (OR = 3.83, p < 0.001), and anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.59, p = 0.004) and social media usage (OR = 3.46, p < 0.001) were more pronounced in adults over 30. PSU was more prevalent among females in those aged 21-30 (OR = 2.60, p = 0.022). Social support appears to be a protective factor for adults over 30 (OR = 0.64, p < 0.001) but was not observed in those aged 21-30. Among males, younger age (21-30 years), poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, and using social media and entertainment apps were significantly associated with PSU. Females showed similar associations. Social support appears to be a protective factor for females (OR = 0.70, p = 0.018), but this association was not observed for males. Shorter smartphone usage times were inversely associated with PSU in both genders. A substantial proportion of adults exhibited PSU. Findings highlight the differential associations between PSU and psychological well-being, social support, interactions with technology, and sleep quality. These associations are influenced by age which has implications for preventive efforts.

Community case study: Our Wave, an online platform to facilitate survivor disclosure of sexual assault and trauma recovery

This community case study introduces Our Wave, an online platform that provides a safe, anonymous space for survivors of sexual harm to share their stories, reflect on their healing journeys, and connect with others. Designed to empower survivors, the platform allows users to post anonymous stories or visual media, ask questions, and send messages of hope, all while prioritizing privacy and security. It also aims to create a broader impact by analyzing shared narratives to detect patterns, identify best practices for healing, and inform global approaches to SV recovery. With over 100,000 members and over 1,200 stories and forms of media shared, the platform has become a valuable resource for survivors. Using mixed-methods analysis of platform usage data and anonymous user feedback surveys (n = 288), we examined patterns of engagement and impact. Analysis revealed that 57% of story submissions included “Messages of Healing” and 52% included “Messages of Hope,” with survey responses indicating that anonymity and peer support were crucial factors in facilitating disclosure. Research shows that the social and emotional dynamics of SV disclosure, as well as the responses from others, play a crucial role in a survivor’s healing. By focusing on confidentiality, trauma-informed support, and community-building, Our Wave offers a safe space for survivors to heal, connect, and access resources to support their journey toward recovery.

Unpacking the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing activities and small firm performance

PurposeA question remains unresolved in existing cross-disciplinary research at the marketing/entrepreneurship interface (MEI). This features circumstances when employing a combination of market-oriented and entrepreneurially-oriented activities, known as entrepreneurial marketing (EM) behavior, is likely to lead to positive performance outcomes. Earlier mixed findings provide the need to unpack the nuances of EM practices, in terms of their boundary conditions, regarding circumstances where this behavior does or does not lead to performance-enhancing outcomes. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to examine the complexities of the association between EM activities and small firm performance by assessing quadratic and moderating effects.Design/methodology/approachThis study was underpinned by resource-based theory (RBT). Survey responses were collected from 214 smaller-sized companies in the United Kingdom. The statistical data passed all major checks for reliability, different forms of validity, common method variance and endogeneity bias.FindingsEM activities had a quadratic connection with small firm performance, with this relationship being enhanced (in terms of a positive two-way interaction effect) by market dynamism (a counter-intuitive result regarding environmental conditions). Surprisingly, through a post-hoc test, coopetition (cooperation among competitors to leverage assets and overcome resource constraints) did not play any influential part in helping owner-managers to overcome the potential downsides of EM practices, like the time and cost implications of identifying and exploiting opportunities (i.e., a non-significant three-way interaction effect).Originality/valueUnique insights outline how decision-makers in smaller-sized organizations can harness the potential benefits, and minimise the likely drawbacks, of employing EM activities. However, owner-managers should be cautious when implementing these organization-wide practices, since they are likely to enhance performance, but only up to a fixed point. Indeed, excessive forms of EM activities can weaken small firms’ performance. A counter-intuitive positive moderation effect regarding market dynamism challenges certain earlier findings. Specifically, in some dynamic market conditions, EM activities could be performance-enhancing, since certain environmental-level forces might assist owner-managers to amplify the merits of behavior at the MEI when implemented effectively.

Utilization rates of dermatologist-created skin cancer screening certification services by nail technicians.

Nail technicians may serve as a valuable tool in the early detection of skin cancer through their high exposure to the nails, hands, and feet. Despite the availability of dermatologist-created platforms that offer certification in skin cancer screening, it is unclear if these resources are being utilized by nail technicians. We conducted a pilot study to assess nail technician certification status, awareness, and interest in these programs. Nail technicians from nail salons corresponding to zipcodesof interest in the Milwaukee area were asked to complete a questionnaire about comfort identifying skin lesions, awareness of certification resources, and certification status. Survey responses were analyzed via frequency reporting and Likert scoring for applicable questions. 35 technicians responded to the survey, with most identifying as Asian (57.1%). Technicians reported the most exposure to clients' arms/hands/palms (97.1%) and legs/feet/soles (80.0%). 71.4% (n = 25) of nail technicians reported ever experiencing concerns about a client's skin, yet only 8.6% (n = 3) were certified in melanoma screening. Over half of nail technicians reported interest in learning more about certification opportunities. Skin cancer screening certification is underutilized among nail technicians, despite interest in obtaining certification. Barriers to certification may include lack of awareness, cost, and limited training access, with most certified technicians learning about opportunities through cosmetology schools. These schools may be key in promoting skin cancer certification among nail technicians.

Students’ experiences of placements in urban indigenous health contexts: developing a culturally responsive workforce

BackgroundA culturally responsive health workforce is essential to ensure the delivery of culturally safe health services that meet Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples needs. In partnership with universities, placement providers play an essential role in creating opportunities for immersive experiences that enable students to develop their cultural responsiveness. This study evaluated students’ experiences of an innovative student placement model embedded within an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community-Controlled Health Organisation.MethodsStudents completed pre and post placement surveys administered using a web-based interface. The surveys involved five-point Likert and open-ended response items exploring students’ perceptions of their knowledge, skills development, awareness and self-development, and overall placement experience. Frequencies were calculated for the variables of interest and compared between pre and post surveys. The sign test for matched pairs was used to calculate differences between pre and post surveys, and a one-sided hypothesis test was utilised to determine if the level of agreement increased from pre to post survey. Qualitative data obtained for seven questions were thematically analysed using Groundwater Method, an Indigenous data analysis technique.ResultsBetween January 1, 2017, and June 30, 2019, 938 students from 32 disciplines were placed within the organisation and its Member services. Survey responses were received from 338 participants pre-placement, and 158 participants post-placement. The matched pre-post group contained 81 students. The results indicate significant positive changes in cultural responsiveness, skills development, awareness, and self-development when comparing pre- and post-placement responses. Students’ overall satisfaction with the quality of their placement was positively associated with their intention to work in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health contexts in the future. Key pre-placement themes included competence, cultural skills, support and fear, and key post-placement themes included expertise, cultural responsiveness, learning environment and challenges.ConclusionsIndigenous-led, regionally coordinated placements in urban Indigenous health contexts can support transformative learning and the development of a culturally responsive workforce. Universities should aim to develop reciprocal relationships with Indigenous-led organisations to support students to develop their cultural responsiveness and improve the provision of culturally safe care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Future research should explore the longer-term impacts of student placements on cultural responsiveness, attitudes, values, and behaviours, as well as the experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples interfacing with university students on placement in urban settings.NoteWe will predominantly use the term ‘Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’, as opposed to ‘Indigenous’ or ‘First Nations’. When the term ‘Indigenous’ is used, it largely relates to government policy - except when referring to Indigenisation of curriculum and Indigenous Knowledges - and where ‘First Nations’ is used, it is in a global context. In addition, we use the term ‘Peoples’ to signify that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples are not one People or Nation, but a collective of Peoples and Nations.

Assessing the professional social capital of psychiatrists: development of the Resource Generator for Psychiatrists (RG-Psy)

BackgroundIn the field of psychiatry, the dissemination of clinical innovations greatly depends on the social capital of clinicians. An instrument specifically aimed at measuring their professional social capital therefore needs to be developed.MethodsThis survey was conducted to develop and validate the Resource Generator for Psychiatrists, an 11-item questionnaire measuring the social capital of psychiatrists. The online questionnaire was administered through a link sent by e-mail to all psychiatrists and residents in psychiatry licensed to work in Belgium, after excluding ineligible psychiatrists. A total of 1618 psychiatrists or residents were reached. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Internal consistency was assessed using Pearson’s correlation, item-total correlation and Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest reliability was also measured. Multivariable linear regression analysis assessed the association between the total score of the social capital and psychiatrist demographics.ResultsA total of 196 psychiatrists responded to the survey (response rate: 12.1%). The Resource Generator for Psychiatrists showed a normal distribution with a mean of 23.6 (SD = 15.5), good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.81) and a good total Cronbach’s alpha (0.74). Exploratory factor analysis revealed two main subtypes in psychiatrists’ social capital: “Resources for the clinician” and “Resources for the professional”, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.62 and 0.7 respectively. Clinicians attending institutional seminars (β = 5.52, SE = 2.2, p = .013) and working in multidisciplinary settings, such as hospitals (β = 4.75, SE = 2.06, p = .023) or a mobile team (β = 8.75, SE = 3.52, p = .014) were more likely to have higher social capital.ConclusionPsychiatrists’ access to professional resources can be reliably measured by using an 11-item questionnaire.

Building a research agenda on preventing and addressing sexual assault and intimate partner violence against trans people: a two-stage priority-setting exercise

BackgroundTransgender (trans) people experience high rates of sexual assault (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) and seldom receive the care and supports they need post-victimization. However, there is little to no research that aids in the development or improvement of related interventions. We undertook a study to build a novel Canadian research agenda on SA/IPV against trans people to guide future work and address these profound gaps in knowledge.MethodsGuided by the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method for research priority-setting, we developed and circulated two consecutive surveys to a multi-stakeholder group of government decision makers; mental health, health and social service providers, researchers and trans communities, among others, who proposed research questions related to preventing and addressing SA/IPV against trans persons. The initial survey launched March 2021 garnered responses from 213 stakeholders. These items were cleaned and collated into 20 final questions that fell within seven thematic areas. The refined research questions were evaluated in August 2021 on predefined criteria for answerability, feasibility, impact and equity by 79 of 95 survey 1 respondents who agreed to participate in the second survey (response rate = 83.2%). The questions were ranked using a research priority score calculated by dividing the sum of all the answers for each question across the four criteria by the number of answers received.ResultsAll questions were highly rated on each individual criterion and each had an overall research priority score of above 80%, with the most highly ranked question falling within the theme, “improving quality and implementation of education and training: How can training (e.g., for university/college students, educators, nurses, physicians, social workers, police, lawyers, security guards) be improved to better support trans survivors of sexual assault and intimate partner violence?”.ConclusionsThese questions form Canada’s first research agenda on SA/IPV against trans people. Together, they reflect the insights of stakeholder groups who have been historically excluded from research priority-setting processes and will guide future and much-needed work on the topic. Actionable information on preventing and addressing SA/IPV against trans persons will help reduce negative outcomes associated with being victimized.

Standardized Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Congenital Aniridia.

Congenital aniridia is a rare panocular disorder that is associated with varying degrees of impairment of visual acuity. The COST Action (CA18116) developed a survey (aniridia-net.eu) to assess patient-reported experiences with congenital aniridia and its impacts on vision and daily life. Here, we correlate the survey responses of German patients with congenital aniridia with clinical ophthalmology data acquired at the Homburger Aniridia Center. The patients completed the German-language version of a 20-point ANIRIDIA-NET survey. The survey included demographic information, the most common symptoms caused by the disease, difficulties caused by visual impairment in various life situations, and the frequency of using visual aids in daily life. As for clinical data, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) as well as corneal, lens, and glaucoma status were collected. A total of 71 participants, 27 (38.0%) children and 44 (61.7%) adults, completed the questionnaire, with an age range of 28.8 ± 20.2 years (6 - 78 years). Among them, 55 (77.4%) reported daily light sensitivity, 34 (47.8%) experienced dry eyes, 17 (23.9%) had fluctuating vision, 11 (15.4%) reported eye pain, and 5 (7.0%) experienced daily watering eyes. Older patients reported significantly more eye complaints than children (p < 0,001). Notably, patients with more advanced aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) exhibited a discernibly lower quality of life (ρ = 0.28, p = 0.027). Similarly, cataract surgery early in life was associated with a more pronounced decline in quality of life (ρ = - 0.36, p = 0.002). Thirty-five (49.2%) patients never needed assistance for their commute to school/work, 27 (38.0%) and 22 (30.9%) never needed assistance for their daily routines at home or various social activities, respectively. Regarding the use of visual aids, 39 (24.9%) reported that they always used visual aids at work or school, 24 (33.8%) during social activities, and 32 (45.1%) during free time activities. Although congenital aniridia is associated with reduced visual acuity, the majority of affected individuals, especially during childhood, report that they were able to manage personal communication and various life situations independently and without significant difficulties, despite their eye-related issues. Visual aids serve as crucial support for them during their transition into adulthood and as they age. Symptoms of congenital aniridia subjects, described by the ANIRIDIA-NET survey, correlated well with clinical findings. Therefore, the questionnaire may provide important information for the treating ophthalmologist for follow-up examination of these patients and improvement in their life quality.

Leveraging Lean Methodology to Improve Compliance With Work-Hour Restrictions.

Since work-hour restrictions were instituted in 2003, sustainably complying with duty-hour regulations remains a challenge for general surgery residency programs across the nation. To determine whether industry-based process improvement techniques could be leveraged to increase compliance with work-hour restrictions within a general surgery residency. This quality improvement project using Lean methodology was conducted from October to November of the 2021 to 2022 academic year. The setting was a university-based general surgery residency program in southern California with rotations across 5 regional hospitals. The program trains 7 categorical general surgery residents per postgraduate year (PGY) and offers an optional 1 to 3 years for research and career development. Programmatic structures were examined, current and target states were analyzed, opportunities for improvement were identified, root-cause analyses were conducted, and targeted interventions were developed. Resident time logs and annual Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education resident and faculty surveys were reviewed from academic years 2019/2020 to 2022/2023. Attending faculty were surveyed on resident preparedness using a 5-point Likert scale. Differences between means and proportions were calculated with corresponding 95% CIs. The web-based survey responses of 29 residents (residents per PGY, 7 [PGY1], 14 [PGY2/3], 8 [PGY4/5]; 17 female [54.7%]) were included in this study. Root causes included maxed baseline schedules, late in shift work, culture, service variability, clinical volume, and inefficient workflows. Fifteen multifactorial interventions impacting call and weekend scheduling, work practices and efficiencies, intern and service orientations, and faculty and cultural expectations were implemented. The mean number of residents per block who logged more than 80 hours per week decreased by 3.6 violations per block (95% CI, 2.98-4.22), from 4.4 (12.4%) to 0.8 (2.2%) for a difference of 10.2% (95% CI, 8.4%-16.2%). On the annual resident survey, perceived compliance with 80 hours was 72%, 83%, 83%, and 88%, respectively, over the following study periods: 2019 to 2020, 2020 to 2021, 2021 to 2022, and 2022 to 2023. Faculty perception of resident preparedness for the case increased from a mean (SD) of 2.6 (0.8) to 3.0 (0.5), with a difference of 0.47 (95% CI, -0.52 to 0.68). There were no statistically significant differences in technical skill, clinical judgment, sense of responsibility, efficiency, or sense of well-being. Results of this quality improvement study suggest that through Lean methodology, surgical residency programs can improve working environments. This novel approach can increase compliance with resident work hours by engaging front line trainees in the process.

Comparing new tools of artificial intelligence to the authentic intelligence of our global health students

IntroductionThe transformative feature of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the massive capacity for interpreting and transforming unstructured data into a coherent and meaningful context. In general, the potential that AI will alter traditional approaches to student research and its evaluation appears to be significant. With regard to research in global health, it is important for students and research experts to assess strengths and limitations of GenAI within this space. Thus, the goal of our research was to evaluate the information literacy of GenAI compared to expectations that graduate students meet in writing research papers.MethodsAfter completing the course, Fundamentals of Global Health (INTH 401) at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Graduate students who successfully completed their required research paper were recruited to compare their original papers with a paper they generated by ChatGPT-4o using the original assignment prompt. Students also completed a Google Forms survey to evaluate different sections of the AI-generated paper (e.g., Adherence to Introduction guidelines, Presentation of three perspectives, Conclusion) and their original papers and their overall satisfaction with the AI work. The original student to ChatGPT-4o comparison also enabled evaluation of narrative elements and references.ResultsOf the 54 students who completed the required research paper, 28 (51.8%) agreed to collaborate in the comparison project. A summary of the survey responses suggested that students evaluated the AI-generated paper as inferior or similar to their own paper (overall satisfaction average = 2.39 (1.61–3.17); Likert scale: 1 to 5 with lower scores indicating inferiority). Evaluating the average individual student responses for 5 Likert item queries showed that 17 scores were < 2.9; 7 scores were between 3.0 to 3.9; 4 scores were ≥ 4.0, consistent with inferiority of the AI-generated paper. Evaluation of reference selection by ChatGPT-4o (n = 729 total references) showed that 54% (n = 396) were authentic, 46% (n = 333) did not exist. Of the authentic references, 26.5% (105/396) were relevant to the paper narrative; 14.4% of the 729 total references.DiscussionOur findings reveal strengths and limitations on the potential of AI tools to assist in understanding the complexities of global health topics. Strengths mentioned by students included the ability of ChatGPT-4o to produce content very quickly and to suggest topics that they had not considered in the 3-perspective sections of their papers. Consistently presenting up-to-date facts and references, as well as further examining or summarizing the complexities of global health topics, appears to be a current limitation of ChatGPT-4o. Because ChatGPT-4o generated references from highly credible biomedical research journals that did not exist, our findings conclude that ChatGPT-4o failed an important component in using information effectively. Moreover, misrepresenting trusted sources of public health information is highly concerning, particularly given recent experiences from the COVID-19 pandemic and more recently in reporting on the impact of, and response to natural disasters. This is a significant limitation of GenAI’s ability to meet information literacy standards expected of graduate students.

Labor and delivery unit practices and racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity among nulliparous individuals with low-risk pregnancies.

Persistent racial and ethnic disparities exist in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity, which may be due in part to differences in labor and delivery unit practices across hospitals. We used data collected from 184 hospitals in California (2015-2018) to assess whether nulliparous individuals with low-risk pregnancies differ by race and ethnicity in giving birth at hospitals that tend to use lower-interventional labor and delivery unit practices, and whether such differences contribute to disparities in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity. We classified labor and delivery units as higher- or lower-interventional based on a latent class analysis of survey responses about the frequency of using lower-interventional practices. We used a modified doubly robust g-estimator to estimate counterfactual disparity measures, setting all hospitals to be lower-interventional. Among 348,990 low-risk livebirths, the proportion occurring at lower-interventional hospitals was lowest in Black and Latino individuals (17% and 16%, respectively) and highest in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) and White individuals (29% in both). Severe maternal and neonatal morbidity occurred most frequently among AI/AN individuals. Counterfactual disparity measures suggested that if all births occurred at lower-interventional hospitals, racial and ethnic disparities in the outcomes would modestly increase, except for severe neonatal morbidity among AI/AN individuals.

Women faculty members' challenges when pursuing leadership positions in academic dentistry: A survey.

This study addresses persistent gender disparities in leadership roles in academic dentistry. The objectives were to identify the challenges and barriers to leadership that women face in general and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to describe resources they need to reach their leadership potential. The American Dental Education Association Section on Women in Leadership (WIL), gathered survey data concerning leadership challenges and faculty development needs. The survey targeted 300 WIL members in leadership roles or aspiring to leadership roles. It was conducted from January to March 2021 and 128 participants responded (response rate: 42.7%). The data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The most frequent reported leadership barriers indicated by the survey respondents were lack of mentoring, limited leadership training, lack of sponsorship from administration, family obligations and limited job opportunities. The participants stated that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these challenges, affecting collaborations, increasing stress, and impacting scholarly productivity. The survey responses showed how external factors can challenge faculty productivity. Respondents identified mentoring, increased leadership opportunity awareness, and leadership development seminars as factors most helpful for their professional development. This study identified women faculty members' perceptions of why disparities persist in gender equity in leadership in dental education. It suggests developing gender specific leadership strategies and resources. Addressing barriers requires concerted efforts at the institutional, national, and global levels. This is vital for achieving gender parity in leadership roles in dental education settings.

“Gotta report ‘em all”: How international news diversity impacts public knowledge, perceptions of foreign nations and nationals and fear-based xenophobia

We examine how American media’s coverage of international news influences public opinion. Results from 500 survey responses (N = 500) support agenda-setting effects, positing that positive perceptions of international news coverage led to positive views of both foreign nations and nationals. Public knowledge and interest, furthermore, shape public opinion. The influence, nevertheless, is different across four groups of countries (i.e., most- vs. least-covered and Global North vs. Global South countries).

Teaching Procedural Skills: Integrating Educational Theory Into Practice.

Teaching procedural skills is an essential part of health professions education, yet formal training is often lacking from traditional curricula. A workshop on teaching procedural skills was developed as part of a clinician educator track at a large health professions university. Participants included medical residents and fellows (postgraduate years 2-6) from various training programs. The 90-minute, interactive training integrated Gagne's model of instructional design with evidence-based teaching practices. Workshop outcomes were evaluated with pre- and postworkshop surveys. Learner reactions (Kirkpatrick level 1) were assessed via course evaluation. Learning and behavior (Kirkpatrick level 2) were evaluated via attitudinal and knowledge-based questions. Data were collected from three cohorts of participants (2022-2024). Responses were analyzed by paired t test. Residents and fellows from 11 different disciplines participated in the workshops. The survey response rate was 30 out of 35 (86%). Course evaluations were positive for all six questions (mean scores: 4.8-5.0 on a 5-point Likert scale [1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree]). Postworkshop scores improved significantly for all five attitudinal questions, including "I can apply instructional design theory when teaching procedural skills" (pre: 2.2 vs. post: 4.3 on a 5-point scale, p < .01). The number of participants correctly answering the knowledge-based questions also increased following the workshop. A workshop focused on evidence-based teaching of procedural skills was well reviewed and improved participants' attitudes and knowledge. Strengths of the workshop include its appeal to a broad range of medical trainees, integration of educational theory, and interactive design.

School context, school leaders’ data-informed decision making, and student achievement: evidence from Florida

ABSTRACT This study examines what forms of data school leaders use, how they matter for students’ learning, and which school contexts matter for such leadership practices to succeed. Utilizing hierarchical linear modeling, we analyzed survey responses from 1,381 school leaders and administrative data from 269 Florida schools. We find that although school leaders place the greatest emphasis on responsive data use to identify student needs, followed by the state standardized test, there are no linkages between these practices and students’ performance. Conversely, leaders place the least emphasis on benchmark assessment data, yet this is the only type of leaders’ data use associated with student achievement. Such beneficial leadership practice is more likely to occur in schools characterized by trusting relationships among staff. Altogether, these findings suggest that professional development in benchmark test usage for leaders and the cultivation of trusting organizational cultures are crucial for advancing the potential of data-informed reform.

Survey of Oncology Patients' Perceptions on Integrative Medicine and Awareness of Resources at an Academic Cancer Center.

Background: More cancer centers are offering integrative medicine (IM) therapies. However, it is unclear how many patients are aware of, and are utilizing, these therapies to help manage their symptoms. Objectives: This survey study examines patients' knowledge, satisfaction with, and perceptions of available IM resources at an academic cancer center. Methods: An online, anonymous survey was sent to 7,807 patients of the University of California Davis Health Comprehensive Cancer Center using the electronic health record. The survey consisted of 11 primary questions with follow-up questions. Results: One thousand and sixteen respondents initiated the survey (response rate of 13%). Eight hundred and fifty-five respondents (10.9%) completed the survey. Mean age was 65.4 years; 67.3% of respondents were female, 84.9% were Caucasian/White, and 86.8% reported being non-Hispanic. The largest group of responders were patients with breast cancer (25.7%). 78.7% reported no IM use, and 18.9% reported using IM. Although 53.7% of respondents were satisfied with the resources, 42.1% reported not being aware of any IM resources. Those who were unaware of resources were more likely to be female than male (47.8% vs. 30.5%) and non-Hispanic (42.3% vs. 31.2%). 48.7% wanted additional IM resources. Of those who wanted additional resources, 54.7% wanted nutritional counseling, 49.3% wanted manipulative and body-based methods, 44.4% wanted alternative medical systems, and 43.4% wanted counseling on herbs, dietary supplements, and cannabis. Discussion: Forty-two percent of participants were unaware of any IM resources at the institution and an even greater number, 48.7%, voiced a desire for additional IM resources. Conclusion: This is the first study in the United States at an academic comprehensive cancer center to examine patients' perceptions of available IM resources. Although some cancer centers offer a variety of IM resources, many patients may be missing out on potential symptom or quality-of-life benefits due to a lack of awareness of these resources.

Enhancing quality in online surveys: uncovering foundational themes and strategies

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the foundational themes and strategies to enhance response quality in online surveys. Method: The term "online survey" and its variations were employed as broad keywords for the article selection process to identify methodological and empirical articles about online survey quality. The selected database was characterized using bibliometric techniques, the foundational themes were identified through co-citation analysis, and recommended strategies were determined using bibliographic coupling analysis. Findings: The foundational themes in online survey literature encompass Device, Mode of Administration, Question Design, Careless Responses, Response Rate, Paradata, Statistical Adjustment, Incentives, and Household Survey. Device and Mode of Administration emphasize the description and comparison of online collection methods with traditional approaches and explore the use of different devices. The remaining themes investigate strategies aimed at enhancing online survey response, focusing on specific strategies, quality indicators, or participant behaviors. Originality/Value: This study serves as a valuable guideline for survey researchers. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first review using co-citation analysis to identify the main strategies for improving response quality in online survey research. Theoretical/Methodological contributions: This research contributes across many disciplines by uncovering the main strategies to improve response quality in online survey research and providing guidance for survey researchers. Social/Managerial contributions: By highlighting the importance of survey protocols and the potential biases and errors associated with unplanned research, the findings offer practical insights for social and managerial contexts.

The Influence of Stakeholder Involvement in the Adoption of Digital Technologies in the UK Construction Industry

This study explored stakeholder involvement practice in digitalisation of the construction industry in the UK, and the influence thereof in the adoption of digital technologies. A qualitative interpretive method was followed using a case study approach to collect data. Thematic analysis of twenty-four semi-structured interviews and sixty survey responses, which were conducted with different digital technologies adoption actors in the construction industry, allowed the identification of six final themes depicting the influence of stakeholder involvement in the adoption of digital technologies. The findings indicate that stakeholder involvement influence is a function of its embeddedness in an organisation digitalisation approach. Stakeholder involvement embeddedness in the approach, or lack thereof, dictates how the stakeholder landscape is planned and managed, and how communication between and with stakeholder groups occurs. This is the foundation of digitalisation value creation among stakeholders. The approach is prone to digitalisation limitations and intrinsic determinants of adoption, both of which can be positively impacted through better stakeholder involvement practices. Stakeholder involvement practices are therefore catalytic to the subsequent behaviour change for digital technologies adoption and the extent to which digital technologies become adopted. This paper contextualises stakeholder involvement in the adoption of digital technologies in the construction industry, highlighting the catalytic influence of stakeholder involvement embeddedness in the complex digitalisation activity system and its interplay with industry-specific practices and other digital technology adoption determinants.