Response Of Yield Components Research Articles

Response of Hydroponic Tomato Yield and Yield-correlated Morphological Characteristics to Constant or Growth Stage-based Nutrient Management Strategies

In the United States, the annual revenue attributable to tomato production is $1 billion. However, tomato production can cause negative environmental impacts, such as water pollution, often in the form of eutrophication-causing nutrient pollution. Hydroponic production can decrease excess nutrient leaching; however, optimization of nutrient management and cultivar choices could further decrease excess nutrient discharges. The objectives of this study were as follows: to evaluate and compare the responses of tomato growth characteristics, yield, and yield components to two nutrient management regimes (varying nutrient solution concentrations by growth stage and the use of a constant nutrient solution concentration from transplant to termination), and to analyze the effects of growth habits among six cultivars (Big Beef, Cherokee Purple, Heatmaster, Legend, Mountain Fresh Plus, and Tropic) on tomato yield and yield-correlated morphological characteristics. The nutrient management strategies were applied to tomato plants, and data regarding yield and related morphological characteristics were obtained. Data were analyzed using SAS PROC GLM. An analysis revealed no significant difference in the total fruit weight/plant between nutrient management regimes (P = 0.05); however, the mean fruit weight (164.26 g) and diameter (71.70 mm) were significantly greater (P < 0.0001) for plants that received the constant concentration nutrient regime. Indeterminate plants had a significantly greater (P < 0.0001) mean fruit weight (192.76 g) and mean fruit diameter (76.42 mm). Among cultivars, Big Beef had a significantly greater (P < 0.05) total fruit weight/plant (9.25 kg). Applying a constant nutrient concentration to indeterminate cultivars, particularly Big Beef and Cherokee Purple, improved the factors analyzed and could decrease negative environmental impacts while increasing profits of the producers.

Growth and Yield of Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench) as Affected by Weeding Regimes in Mubi, Adamawa State

The two-year experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of weeding regimes on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in Mubi Adamawa State, Northern Guinea Savannah, grown at the Tree Crop Plantation (TCP) Farm, School of Agriculture, Federal polytechnic, Mubi, during 2022 and 2023 rain cropping season. Mubi is located in the North-eastern part of Adamawa State laid between Latitude 90 26ʹ and100 10ʹN and Longitude 130 10ʹ and 130 44ʹE. at an Altitude of 696m above sea level. The experiments were laid out in Split Plot Design with four (4) treatments: No weeding (W1), 1 Weeding at 3 weeks after sowing (WAS) (W2), 2 weeding at 3, and 6 WAS (W3) and 3 weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS (W4), replicated 3 times. Data were collected on plant height, Number of leaves, stem diameter, days to 50 % flowering, fruit length, fruit diameter, fresh fruit yield per plot, fresh fruit yield per hectare and dried fruit yield per hectare. The data on growth and yield parameters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Analysis System (SAS), (SAS, 2000) and means that showed significant differences were separated by F-test using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results revealed that weeding regimes significantly influenced plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter, at 3, 6 and 9 WAS. On the response of phonological traits and yield components of okra, to weeding regimes and significant influences were observed in days to 50 % flowering, fruit length, fruit diameter, fresh fruit yield per plot, fresh fruit yield per hectare and dried fruit yield per hectare, accordingly. Treatment W4 performed significantly higher than the other treatments. The study therefore recommends 3 times weeding at an interval of 3 WAS to okra farmers in Mubi and its environs for optimum fruit yield.

Variability in the responses of rice ecotypes to elevated CO2 based on data from FACE studies in China and Japan: Implications for climate change adaptation

Elevated CO2 increases rice yields, and the response level varies across locations and genotypes. Previous analyses of genotypic variations from diverse Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) studies lacked specificity, limiting their applicability in simulating the responses of crop growth to elevated CO2. Using meta-analysis approach and the ORYZA (v3) model with historical and projected climatic data, this study evaluated the differences in the responses of rice ecotypes to elevated CO2 and identified adaptive measures. Meta-analytical findings indicated that Chinese inbred indica (indicai) and hybrid indica (indicah) rice exhibited comparable yield response rates (28.4% and 31.1%, respectively) to elevated CO2, surpassing those of Chinese japonica rice and Japanese indicai and japonica rice. Achieving higher adaptation to elevated CO2, exemplified by Chinese indicah rice, necessitates the consideration of balanced yield components, with individual contributions to yield responses ranging from 9.8% to 36.2%. This study highlighted the susceptibility of japonica rice to adverse effects of maximum temperatures on yield component responses to elevated CO2 compared to indicai or indicah rice. Strategic adjustments in sowing dates can enhance rice production under climate change, with high-response genotypes benefiting more from optimal sowing periods. Furthermore, for genotypes with less responsiveness to elevated CO2, augmenting nitrogen application in conjunction with sowing date adjustments was beneficial for yield optimization. This research not only advances our understanding of the diverse adaptation strategies of rice genotypes under varying climatic conditions but also enhances the precision of crop growth simulations by accounting for the varied responses to CO2 enrichment. These insights are pivotal for developing targeted breeding and management practices aimed at enhancing climate resilience in rice production.

Response of chickpea's yield and yield components to double inoculation with mycorrhiza and rhizobium under split application of nitrogen

AbstractThe utilization of advantageous microorganisms as a biofertilizer has gained significant importance in the agricultural industry due to their potential contribution to food safety and the sustainable cultivation of crops. To evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and co‐inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium on the yield and yield component of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a 2‐year field experiment was conducted in 2020–2021 at the Agricultural Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experiment was designed as a randomized block trial in factorial design with three replicates. The treatments included two levels of inoculation (noninoculated and inoculated with rhizobium and mycorrhiza) and application of different levels of N fertilizer (0, 25, or 50 kg ha−1) at three growth stages (sowing, flowering, pod filling) as follows; F0 (0,0,0), F1 (25,0,0), F2 (25,25,0), F3 (25,25,25), F4 (50,0,0), F5 (50,50,0) and F6 (50,50,50), respectively. The results showed that seed inoculation and split N fertilization significantly increased yield and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Seed inoculation showed the highest values for all traits studied compared to the noninoculated treatments. Moreover, among the fertilizer treatments, the highest values for plant height (41.8 cm), number of branches (9.1), number of grains per plant (17.8) and 100‐grain weight (30.4 g) from F6 through the F3 treatment, were statistically similar. The results show that the effect of inoculation is more significant when a lower amount of N fertilizer is applied. Due to the health and environmental problems associated with chemical fertilizers, double inoculation and split application of N fertilizers at lower doses can be recommended.

Response of tef yield and yield components to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.

The challenge facing Ethiopian farmers are the combination of low soil fertility and reduced agricultural productivity. The study aimed to quantify nitrogen and phosphorus-containing fertilizers for tef production in Sekota and Lasta-Lalibela districts, using four nitrogen and three phosphorus levels from urea and triple super phosphate sources. The Results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers significantly affected tef yield and yield components. Application of nitrogen at the rate of 92 kg ha-1 increased tef grain yield by 131.01%, 87.78% and 182.23% in Woleh, Sayda and Lasta Lalibela districts, respectively, compared to control treatment. Similarly, 23 kg ha-1 phosphorus increased tef grain yield by 7.42 and 8.52% in Woleh and Lasta Lalibela, respectively. In Lalibela and Woleh, the application of 92 kg N ha-1 resulted in a maximum net benefits of 2099.6 and 2007 United States Dollar (USD) respectively. Furthermore, in Sayda, the application of 92 kg N ha-1 and 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 yielded a net benefit of 1812.55 USD. The marginal rate of return (MRR) from these applications was 539.6% in Lalibela, 781% in Woleh and 352.44% in Sayda. Therefore, application of 92 N and 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 is appropriate for maximum tef production in Sekota and Lasta districts of Amhara region. Further research and extension services should focus on promoting the adoption of these optimized fertilizer practices among smallholder farmers to maximize the sustainable production of tef.

Modified TAL expression in rice plant regulates yield components and grain quality in a N-rate dependent manner

Context or problemHigher-yield and superior-quality rice are the major goals in rice breeding and nitrogen management. Genetic modification combined with optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization is expected to realize it. Objective or research questionModification in transaldolase (TAL) expression alters both the number and pattern of vascular bundles in rice plants, but its interactions with N rate remains unknown. MethodsWe employed three representative lines with different expression levels of TAL in the same genetic background (Wuyunjing 7, WT), and analyzed their responses in dry matter accumulation (DMA), carbohydrate transport, grain filling, yield, yield components, and grain quality under a wide range of N rate. ResultsIncreased expression of TAL (OE) promoted rice yield by producing more spikelets per panicle and higher 1000-grain weight, while decreased expression of TAL lowered the seed setting rate and grain weight significantly. Under a fixed N rate, when TAL expression was altered, the direct path coefficients of the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight to the yield were higher than other yield components, especially at a high N rate. Decreased expression of TAL (RNAi) significantly reduced the starch and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) contents in the stems, but enhanced the soluble sugar retention, whereas increased expression of TAL enhanced the translocation of NSC. The grain weight at maturity and mean grain-filling rate (mg d−1) increased significantly along with the TAL expression, but their differences among RNAi, WT and OE narrowed at higher N rate. Decreased expression of TAL enhanced the apparent amylose content (ACC) and protein (PC), reduced the starch granule size, and caused a loose starch arrangement and elevated chalkiness, as a consequence, significantly reduced the peak viscosity, hot viscosity, final viscosity, and taste value in a N rate dependent manner. The taste values of OE and WT were similar and the highest value was attained under a moderate N rate. ConclusionsTAL expression plays an important role in the regulation of assimilate supply, grain filling, yield formation, and grain quality. Increased expression of TAL alleviates competition effect among the yield components and enhances the yield potential, especially under moderate to high N rate. Higher TAL expression combined with a moderate N rate improves ECQ. Implications or significanceTAL expression and N rate interacts to regulate yield components and quality. This finding provides meaningful knowledge to administering N rate and genetically modifying TAL expression in a rice variety.

Yield response of maize hybrids with different ear flex to nitrogen rate and plant density

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) hybrids are frequently labeled as fixed or flex hybrid ear types by seed companies based on pre‐commercial trials or field observations during commercialization. However, the underlying physiological cause and the associated management with each hybrid ear type remains a question for growers. Experiments were conducted at multiple locations across 3 years to determine the yield and yield component response to combinations of plant density (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 plant m−2) and nitrogen (N) rate (0, 78, 159, 235, and 314 kg N ha−1) for three fixed and four flex hybrid ear types. Optimal plant density (OPD) to reach maximum yield was 1.7 plant m−2 greater for fixed hybrid ear type compared to the flex hybrid ear type for N rates greater than 78 kg N ha−1. Flex hybrid ear type achieved similar yield at lower OPD through increased kernel weight (KW) without reduced kernels per square meter. Potential kernel number at silk appearance and established kernels 15 days after silk appearance were similar between hybrid ear types, indicating that the flex component was driven by KW. Fixed hybrid ear type displayed a lower threshold value of total aboveground biomass per plant at physiological maturity to set kernels compared to a flex hybrid ear type. Selection of a flex hybrid ear type provides opportunity for reduced planting density with similar yield potential and N management practices.

Combination effects of microbial inoculation and N fertilization on maize yield: A field study from southern Brazil

The use of inoculants based on diazotrophic microorganisms is an alternative to decrease the dosage and increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers, especially in grains that are demanding and nutrient-responsive crops. Cyanobacteria is photosynthetic and nitrogen fixing prokaryote; however, there has been little focus on Anabaena cylindrica and Nostoc muscorum as biofertilizers in the presence of added nitrogen sources. The purpose of this study was to explore the maize yield in two crop seasons in Londrina, Brazil under different nitrogen rates (topdress, 0–130 kg ha−1; sowing, 20–150 kg ha−1) and microbial inoculants (A. cylindrica, N. muscorum and Azospirillum brasilense), in randomized block design with factorial arrangement 4 × 4. Different phytometric characteristics (e.g. height of plant and spike insertion; stem diameter; area idex and chlorophyll content of leaf; Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K) contents in leaf) and grain yield (such as quantity of rows ear−1, grains row−1, grains ear−1, ear plant−1, grain N content, weight 1000 grains−1, grain yield) were evaluated. The phytometric characteristics and maize yield were not altered by the interaction between N rates and inoculants, demonstrating that N rates do not interfere with cyanobacteria performance. The inoculation with A. cylindrica favored the development and yield performance of maize and resulted in an increase in grain biomass of 912 kg ha−1 (20.46%) in the crop season 1 and 1020 kg ha−1 (21.11%) in season 2 crop, related to the control. The use of above inoculants was favorable in the responses of maize growth and yield components, particularly when combined with an adequate dose of N. The results demonstrated the potential of microbial inoculants in the improvement of maize crop yield.

Quantifying physiological contributions to nitrogen-induced yield variation in field-grown cotton

The effect of nitrogen (N) application rate on lint yield and yield components have been studied extensively in cotton. However, reports quantifying contributions to N-induced yield loss and the response of intra-boll yield components to N deficiency are far less common. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the effect of N application rate on lint yield biomass and fiber quality in cotton, 2) assess the contributions of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and harvest index (HI) to N-induced yield loss in cotton, and 3) characterize the effect of N application rate on yield component responses in cotton. An experiment was conducted at a field site near Tifton, Georgia, USA during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with five replications and five nitrogen application rates (0, 44, 89, 134, and 179 kg N ha−1). The studied parameters were lint yield, IPAR, RUE, HI, fiber quality, yield components, and yield loss contributions. Lint yield was significantly affected by N application rate, with yields ranging from 1452 to 1848 kg ha−1. Similarly, total IPAR was 23% lower for the 0 kg N ha−1 treatment than the 134 kg N ha−1 treatment, and IPAR contributed significantly to yield loss, with a 427 kg ha−1 loss attributable to IPAR under N deficiency. RUE was 37% higher for the 179 kg N ha−1 treatment than the 0 kg N ha−1 treatment and contributed positively to yield in the highest N rates (179 kg N ha−1). However, yield improvements due to RUE were mitigated by low HI values in the highest N application rate. Boll density was the most strongly and positively associated yield component parameter with N-induced variability in lint yield, whereas lint percent and lint production per seed were negatively associated with lint yield. Among the three physiological yield-driving parameters, light interception by the canopy was the primary contributor to N-induced yield loss. Boll density was the primary yield component governing N-induced variation in lint yield. Increased N application rate promotes greater dry matter partitioning to seeds than fiber, resulting in more seeds per boll and lower lint percent, lint weight per seed, and individual fiber weight. The results contained here identify the most important functional traits for determining lint yield response to N application rate.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PHOSPHORUS LEVELS AND SOWING DATES ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENT OF LABLAB (Lablab purpureus L. walp) VARIETIES IN RINGIM JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Field experiment was conducted at the Jigawa State Horticultural Farm Ringim, during 2019, 2020 and 2021 wet seasons to investigate the effect of phosphorus levels and sowing date on the yield and yield components response of lablab varieties. The treatments consisted of four phosphorus levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P/ha), three sowing dates (1st July, 15th July and 29th July) and two varieties of lablab (Dan Farankachi and Dan Inusa), which were factorially combined to give 24 treatments combination and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data were collected on number of root nodules per plant, number of days to physiological maturity and seed yield per hectare, and subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was adopted in separating the means. The results showed that, application of 60 kg P/ha produced significantly higher yield characters of lablab. In terms of date of sowing, sowing lablab on 29th of July was found to be statistically (P ≤ 0.01) better in promoting yield of the crop than the other sowing dates. Variety Dan Inusa proved to be significantly (P ≤ 0.01) better than Dan Farankachi throughout the study period. Based on the result of this study, it could be concluded that application of 60 kg P/ha, Dan Inusa and sowing date of 29th July could be adopted by farmers for better yield of lablab in the study area, hence recommended for better yield.

Yield component Responses to different Planting methods in Fonio under rain fed conditions

Abstract
 Fonio respond differently at different sowing conditions. Field experiment was conducted to assess the respond of fonio grain yield and its components when subjected to different seeding methods under rainfed condition during the growing season of 2021 and 2022. The Randomized complete block design with three replications was adopted for the experiment. The result revealed that planting methods (dibbling, drilling broadcasting and transplanting) used had significant effect on all the yield components and grain yield. Transplanting was on a clear lead with an average number of tillers per plant of 13.8 surpassing dibbling and drilling whose average had no significant difference at 5% probability level. In days to maturity, transplanted crops takes longer (115.1) days for fonio to reach 50% flowering. However, fonio appears to mature earlier when drilling and transplanting methods are adopted. Taller plants, longer spikes, longer panicles, higher number of tillers and higher grain yield were observed when transplanting method was applied in fonio field cultivation. Therefore, transplanting method could be recommended for increased tillers, longer spikes and higher grain yield of fonio under rainfed condition.

Magnesium and zinc fertilisation improves rice yield and yield component responses to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) on the response of rice to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) application. Two sets of field experiments were carried out in Benin. A Box Behnken Design with eight replications per year with treatments of N, P, potassium (K), Mg, and Zn was used for the first experiment, while a randomised complete block design with five treatments varying in Mg and Zn was used for the second experiment. Co-application of major nutrients with Mg and/or Zn significantly increased rice yield and nutrient use efficiencies. Co-application of N and Mg increased grain yield, filled grain rate, and 1 000 grains weight by 53.5, 7.10, and 7.34%, respectively. Likewise, the co-application of N with Zn increased rice yield, panicles per plant, and spikelets per panicle by 35.69, 14.78, and 6.06%, respectively. When P was co-applied with Zn, grain yield, spikelets per panicle, and the 1 000 grains weight increased by 27.21, 5.71, and 6.20%, respectively. The co-application of K with Mg led to an increase of grain yield and filling of grain by 24.28, and 5.71%, respectively. This study revealed the positive effects of Mg and Zn on rice yield response to the application of N, P, and K.

The Border Effects of Dry Matter, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Yield Components of Wheat under Hole Sowing Condition

Wheat can be cultivated by hole sowing, but its border effect has not yet been studied. Therefore, we carried out a field experiment from 2021 to 2022 at the Doukou Crop Experimental Demonstration Station (108°52′ E, 34°37′ N) of Northwest A&F University in Jingyang County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, China. The response of dry matter, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield components of wheat to the border effects under the hole sowing method was studied. The results showed specific border effects on each index of five wheat varieties (XN136, XN175, XN527, XN536, and XN765), among which the border effects of XN175 and XN765 were the most significant, with the highest yield. Subsequent correlation analysis revealed that only grain per spike and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration responded negatively to the border effects, and the rest were positively correlated. Finally, we conducted a random forest model analysis of different indicators of wheat varieties with significant border effects. We found that net photosynthetic rate and aboveground dry matter per plant had the most significant impact and contribution to the border effects. In contrast, grain per spike had the most negligible impact on the border effects. Our results fill a gap in the study of the border effects of wheat under hole sowing cultivation for future researchers.

Water Stress Induced Changes in Root Traits and Yield of Irrigated Rice under Subtropical Condition

The presence of water or the degree of soil saturation has a direct impact on the root development and function in rice. In this regard, a pot investigation was performed to test the response of root traits and yield components of boro (irrigated) rice. Three boro rice varieties named Binadhan-10, Hira-2 and BRRI dhan 29 were grown at four irrigation regimes, viz. continuous flooding (CF), saturation (S), 75% S and 50% S at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, throughout the boro period of 2020–2021. The study was replicated three times by employing a completely randomized design (CRD) method. The study revealed a drastic decline in root attributes at 75% and 50% S. A significant increase in root number (RN), root length (RL), root volume (RV), total dry matter (TDM) and grain yield (GY) under S condition followed by CF was observed. Binadhan-10 exhibited the largest scores of RN (359.00), RL (1577.83 cm) and RV (8.34 cm3 hill−1) at 80 DAT under S condition. Root attributes and GY were found to be substantially and positively associated in all observations. Binadhan-10 performed best with regard to seed output (26.13 g pot−1) under S condition. S condition increased the yield of Binadhan-10 in CF, 75% S and 50% S by 4.06%, 23.72% and 46.00%, respectively.

Phenological and yield components response of major exotic maize varieties to different levels of soil bulk densities

<p>Maize is the second staple food and a major cereal crop in Pakistan, but its actual yield is 25-30% less than the potential because of high soil bulk densities. Three exotic maize varieties (Baber, Pioneer-30P45, and Syngenta-6621) were evaluated under the three different soil bulk densities of 1.00 - 1.30, 1.30 - 1.60, and 1.60- 1.90 g.cm<sup>-3</sup>. Nine treatments were replicated three times, making 27 pots experiments under complete randomized design were tested. Results showed that bulk density significantly (α < 0.05) affected all the parameters of the crops except the number of days to emergence. The fewest number of days to emergence (8.4), tasseling (60.9), silking (66.9), maturity (91.9), leaves per plant (6.3), as well as the lowest shoot thickness (0.49 cm) were obtained under the 1.00 - 1.30 g.cm<sup>-3</sup> density. This density also produced the tallest plants (174.7 cm), highest stover (5938.7 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>), grain yields (1551 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>), and harvest index (21.9 %). Conversely, most days to emergence, tasseling, silking, and maturity occurred at the bulk density of 1.60 - 1.90 g.cm<sup>-3</sup>, which also produced the shortest plants and the lowest grain stover and grain yields as well as the harvest index. It was concluded that increasing bulk density levels increase the number of days to tasseling, silking, maturity, and leaves per plant and shoot thickness. Syngenta 6621 was found late in maturity among the hybrids but produced superior stover and grain yields.</p>

High nitrogen input increases the total spikelets but decreases the high-density grain content in hybrid indica rice

Nitrogen (N) application strongly affects both the total spikelets and grain weight in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), thereby affecting grain yield. Grain weight is closely related to the grain-filling process after the heading stage, and can be regarded as a combination of grain size and grain density (GD). However, there is a lack of information about the response of GD in rice to N. Here, we examined in a lager panicle hybrid indica rice at two field experimental sites the responses of grain traits (including GD), grain yield, and yield components to various N treatments and their relationships with each other. In this study, the grains with six GD ranges were fractionated into the light grain (1.00 g ml −1 ≤ GD < 1.15 g ml −1 ) and heavy grain or high-density grain (GD ≥ 1.15 g ml −1 ). High N application increased the total spikelets m −2 , but did not result in high grain yield due to reduced grain weight (seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight). Reduction of the 1000-grain weight under high N was related to the decrease in grain volume and high-density grain content (the ratio of the weights of high-density grains to the total grains weight). As N application increased from 0 to 225 kg ha −1 , on average, the high-density grain content decreased by 31.93 %, from 78.21 % to 53.24 %. Grain plumpness and GD were the main factors affecting grain weight. GD was more important to the grain weight when grain size was smaller, and plumpness degree and GD were both crucial for grain weight when grain volume was larger. Compared with light grains, heavy grains had higher amylose content and lower crude protein content. These results indicated that the constraint and compensation relationship between spikelet number and grain weight in rice was also reflected in the equilibrium between grain size and GD. Although high N input in rice production increased the total spikelets m −2 , high N input decreased the grain volume, especially the high-density grain content. • High nitrogen application reduced the high-density (≥ 1.15 g ml −1 ) grain content. • Rice quality of heavy grain was different from that of light grain. • For larger-volume grain, both plumpness and density affected grain weight. • There were constraint and compensation between grain size and grain density.

The Effect of Soil Amendment of Pumice and Foliar Application of Acadian and Estemplex Algal Extracts on Growth and Some Physiological Characteristics of Coriandrum sativum L.

Response of Yield and Yield Components of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) to Stale Seedbeds and Different Dosages of Herbicide

Response of Yield and Yield Components of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) to Stale Seedbeds and Different Dosages of Herbicide

Response of Yield and Yield Components of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) to Stale Seedbeds and Different Dosages of Herbicide

Physiological response and yield components under greenhouse drought stress conditions in potato

Due to the effects of climate change, conditions tend to be increasingly extreme, with water availability being one of the main limiting factors in potato production. The objective of this study was to analyze the differential response of physiological and yield components in six potato varieties under water deficit conditions. For this purpose, a greenhouse trial was carried out with the varieties Agata, Agria, Kennebec, Monalisa, Sante and Zorba. The drought stress was applied in stressed plants 36 days after planting (DAP) by withholding water for 25 days. All measurements were taken at four different times: before stress (T0), 17 days (T1) and 24 days (T2) after stress and five days after re-watering. The physiological parameters evaluated were chlorophyll content and fluorescence, relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, electrolytic leakage and water potential. After the drought period, the aerial part of half of the plants was cut to evaluate the produced biomass. At the end of the cycle yield components were determined. Stomatal conductance and water potential were the parameters that showed the highest differences between the two hydric conditions, and Monalisa was the variety with the best response in tuber production under stress conditions. Indirect selection based on parameters associated with water stress can be a useful tool in potato breeding programs for the identification of more tolerant varieties.

The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Quality of Second Crop Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

This study was carried out in Bursa, Turkey which has a sub-humid climate, in order to examine the water-yield relationships and responses of yield and quality components under deficit irrigation of second crop sesame plant (Sesamum indicum L.) irrigated with drip irrigation method. Experimental treatments were application of 100% (S1), 75% (S2), 50% (S3), 25% (S4) and 0% (S5) of soil water depleted at effective rooting depth at 7-day intervals. The experiment was applied in 3 replicates according to the completely randomized blocks experimental design. According to the study results, the total amounts of irrigation water applied were between 127.0-354.7 mm. Crop evapotranspiration values varied between 246.0-449.5 mm. Seed yield, oil content and protein content were obtained as between 76.3-189.2 kg da-1, 56.3-62.6% and 18.6-20.4%, respectively. In the study, the seasonal yield response factor (ky) was determined as 1.28. Water use efficiency (WUE) of the sesame plant was found between 0.31-0.43 kg m-3. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) varied between 0.50-0.57 kg m-3. As a result, irrigation treatment S1 can be suggested as an irrigation schedule in order to reach the highest seed yield (189.2 kg da-1) in the second crop sesame plant. When water resources are limited, taking into account the WUE and IWUE values, the S2 treatment (25% water deficit) can be preferred as an irrigation program in terms of water saving.