Response Of Dry Matter Production Research Articles

Dry Matter Production Response of Non-conventional Pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus </i>L.) Seedling to Nursery Media Preparation

Establishment and management of pineapple production mainly lie on the production and supply of quality planting material with desirable root and shoot growth characteristics. Farmers in the South Ethiopia, uses different parts of pineapple like ground sucker, slips, and also crown sucker to transplant to the permanent fields. The fertilization practices were also not common, some farmers use to apply organic fertilizers like animal dung at the permanent field while there is no any media information generated to seedling production. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the dry matter Production responses of non-conventional pineapple Seedling to organic based nursery media Preparation. The experiment was arranged in RCBD with three replication and six treatments. Six treatment combinations of compost to topsoil ratio in (0:1), (1:1), (1:2), (1:3) (1:4) and compost only (1:0). All the relevant parameters were collected and computed using SAS software. Treatment means were separated using LSD at 5% probability. The results revealed significant variation among the treatments that indicated, the soil based nursery media of compost (1:0) and (1:1) ratio of compost to topsoil responded the best dry matter production response of pineapple seedling in terms of, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry biomass. This result suggested that compost (1:0) and or compost to topsoil in (1:1) ratios was useful media to produce the best growth of pineapple seedling before transplanting to its production field.

異なる気温条件下での土壌水分処理に伴うダイズ品種‘美里在来’と‘フクユタカ’の栄養成長の変化．

異なる気温条件下での土壌水分処理に伴うダイズ品種‘美里在来’と‘フクユタカ’の栄養成長の変化．

三重県のダイズ在来品種‘美里在来’の乾物生産における土壌水分応答

三重県のダイズ在来品種‘美里在来’の乾物生産における土壌水分応答

Efficiency and response of conilon coffee clones to phosphorus fertilization

Studies on nutritional efficiency of phosphorus in conilon coffee plants are important tools to unravel the high limitation that natural low levels of this nutrient in soil impose to these species cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the nutritional efficiency and the response to phosphorus of conilon coffee clones. Plants were managed during 150 days in pots containing 10 dm³ of soil, in greenhouse. A factorial scheme 13 x 2 was used, with three replications, being the factors: 13 clones constituting the clonal cultivar "Vitória Incaper 8142" and two levels of phosphate fertilization (0% and 150% of the P2O5 usualy recommended), in a completely randomized design (CRD). The results indicate a differentiated response of dry matter production and of phosphorus content on each level of phosphate fertilization for the conilon coffee clones and that CV-04, CV-05 and CV-08 clones are nutritionally efficient and responsive to the phosphate fertilization.

Responses in dry matter production, yield and their related developmental and physiological traits of rice genotypes to the cycle of waterlogging and drought under field conditions

Responses in dry matter production, yield and their related developmental and physiological traits of rice genotypes to the cycle of waterlogging and drought under field conditions

Responses in dry matter production of NERICA to soil moisture stress

Responses in dry matter production of NERICA to soil moisture stress

Dry Matter Production and Root System Development of Rice Cultivars under Fluctuating Soil Moisture

Rice plants in the rainfed areas are mostly grown under fluctuating soil moisture. We examined responses in dry matter production, root development and water use to changing soil moisture in diverse rice cultivars. Rice plants were grown in polyvinyl chloride tubes under glasshouse conditions. Progressive drought right after planting greatly inhibited the shoot dry matter production, tiller development, nodal root development and water uptake in all cultivars tested. When the plants experienced soil submergence before being exposed to drought, all the cultivars exhibited higher dry matter production than their well-watered counterparts. Cultivar differences were clearly noted in the growth responses to rewatering after these plants were droughted. With well–watered control as basis, IRAT 109 and KDML 105 plants increased efficiency in converting available dry matter to increase their total root length by means of enhanced lateral root development. In the latter, however, the dry weight of roots also increased and so did root water uptake. In Dular, droughted plants did not show a clear response in terms of root development and water uptake to rewatering while its shoot growth was much more severely inhibited than the other cultivars. These findings suggest that phenotypic plasticity in the root system structure exhibited by promoted lateral root development and new nodal root production play a key role in the growth of rice under changing moisture level in the soil.

The Use of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) as an Organic Manure and Plant Substrate Component

The effect of the addition of SMS to soil on the growth of perennial ryegrass was studied in a pot experiment. SMS raised the analyzed levels of P, K, Mg and Electrical Conductivity (EC) but not the level of NO3-N. At the first harvest, there was a positive response of growth up to a rate equivalent to 50 t/ha but above this growth declined. By the final harvest, there was a positive response of dry matter production up to the highest rate, 400 t/ha. The calculated nitrogen efficiency of dry matter production for SMS averaged 3.1 as against 21.1 for calcium ammonium nitrate. Leaching an SMS/peat column with distilled water at 10 day intervals over a 60 day period recovered 94 percent of the K in the leachate, 33 percent of the P and only 15 percent of the N. In SMS/peat mixes, early growth of tomato seedlings did not respond to rates above five percent of SMS by volume and was reduced when the SMS rate was above 20 percent. When the plants were grown on to a more mature stage, there was a response up to 20 percent SMS. In three experiments, SMS was used as a single nutrient source to supply N, P and K respectively. When used as a source of P and K, there was little benefit from increasing the rate of SMS above five percent. However, when used as a source of N, plant growth increased up to a rate of 25 percent SMS. There was no response to the addition of trace elements to SMS/peat substrates. When an SMS/peat substrate, containing five percent SMS by volume was supplemented with extra N, plant performance was as good as in a peat substrate with inorganic fertilizers.

Response of Dry Matter Production and Photosynthesis in Oryza glaberrima Steud. and Oryza sativa L. Introduced from West Africa to the Concentrations of Culture Solution.

To elucidate the dry matter productivity of O. glaberrima introduced from West Africa, the responses of several main growth parameters and photosynthetic rate to fertilizing levels were compared with those of O. sativa from West Africa and O. sativa c. v. Nipponbare, one of the leading Japanese cultivars. Seven strains of O. glaberrima, nine strains of O. sativa and c. v. Nipponbare were grown in the rock-wool water culture system with Kimura's B solution. The plants were grown at 75% concentration of the standard solution during the first month after germination. Thereafter the plants were grown in the solutions with three concentration levels (50, 150, and 400% of the standard) for one month, then investigated. The main results were as follows: (1) Both West African species were vigorous in growth. Average values for the two parameters, dry weight and leaf area, were considerably larger in West African species than in c. v. Nipponbare. (2) Dry weight, leaf area and the number of culms were significantly larger in O. glaberrima than in O. sativa at each level of solution concentration. Also a clear interspecific difference was found in the sensitivity of these parameters to solution concentrations. O. glaberrima, a less improved species in productivity, was highly sensitive. (3) Photosynthetic rate in single leaf was lower in O. glaberrima than in O. sativa at all the three levels of solution concentrations, while the range of variation in photosynthetic rate with concentration was larger in O. glaberrima.

Dry matter yield and response to nitrogen of an Agrostis stolonifera‐dominant sward

AbstractA small‐plot cutting trial was carried out 1983‐85 at North Wyke Research Station, Devon to compare the dry matter (DM) production and response to nitrogen (N) of a naturally occurring Agrostis stolonifera‐dominant sward, developed under low fertility conditions on a poorly structured soil. and a sward of Lotium perenne cv. Melle, direct‐drilled in 1982 at the same site. All plots received standard inputs of P. and graded inputs of K, related to the four annual N treatments (0, 200, 400 and 800 kg ha−1, in seven equal applications). All plots were cut six times each year, except in 1983; DM yield, herbage digestibility, herbage N concentration, response to applied N, apparent recovery of applied N. and botanical composition of the swards were recorded.On average, A. stolonifera gave 69% of the DM yield of L. perenne. A. stolonifera did not out‐yield L. perenne at the low N levels (0 or 200 kg N ha−1 a−1), or in mid‐season. and yielded significantly (P<0‐001) less in drought conditions in 1984 (4‐4 t DM ha−1 and 6‐9 t DM ha−1, s.e.d.±0‐22). Average digestibility of A. stolonifera was 3 units of D‐value lower (P<0‐001) than L. perenne, but N concentrations were higher (3‐01% and 2‐53%, s.e.d. ±0‐074). However, total yields of N from A. stolonifera were lower. Responses in DM production per kg N applied were lower in A. Stolonifera than in L. perenne for all N increments, except the highest, (400‐800 kg N ha−1). Fitted response curves allowed interpolation of the values of DM yield (Y10) and N input (N10) where the response was 10 kg DM (kg N)−1. Values of Y10 for A. stolonifera and L. perenne averaged 7‐1 t DM ha−1 and 12‐9 t DM ha−1respectively. and values of Mo averaged 460 kg N ha−1 and 570 kg N ha−1, which further indicated the lower responsiveness of A. stolonifera to applied N. Apparent recovery of applied N was generally low, with significantly higher values (P<0‐001) for L. perenne in 1983 and 1984, but not in 1985. The botanical composition of L. perenne swards with no applied N showed a steady and rapid decline in ground cover by the sown species. AH L. perenne swards showed an abrupt decrease of L. perenne cover in late 1985, with invasion by A. stolonifera at all but the highest N level (800 kg N ha−1). A. stolonifera treatments receiving 400 or 800 kg N ha−1 showed initial expansion of their native L. perenne populations; however, these declined after the drought in 1984. Only low levels of L. perenne cover remained in the A. stolonifera swards at the end of the trial; these were unaffected by N level. It was concluded that under the conditions of this trial, A. stolonifera had lower DM productivity and efficiency of N use than L. perenne.

Responses of triticale, wheat, rye and barley to nitrogen fertilizer

A hexaploid triticale from Mexico and local cultivars of wheat, rye and barley, each at five levels of fertilizer nitrogen (0, 35, 70, 105 and 140 kg N/ha) with four replications, were grown in a field experiment at Mintaro, South Australia. A visually discernible response to nitrogen fertilizer by all four genotypes from an early stage was confirmed by quantitative sampling at tiliering, anthesis and maturity. Responses in plant dry weight to 105 kg N/ha were maintained until anthesis but grain yield responses were significant only at 35 kg N/ha. Total dry matter production responses at maturity to more than 35 kg N/ha were small. Numbers of tillers and heads were increased by nitrogen additions up to 140 and 105 kg N/ha, respectively, and plant height measurements showed general increases to 70 kg N/ha with significant lodging at higher nitrogen levels in both rye and triticale. For all genotypes, thousand grain weight decreased with increasing level of nitrogen supply while grain and straw nitrogen increased up to levels of 140 and 105 kg N/ha, respectively. Nitrogen supply had little effect on maturity, plants at 0 and 140 kg N/ha reaching anthesis less than a day apart. The lack of a significant nitrogen x genotype interaction in nearly all the data suggests that the triticale does not differ in its nitrogen nutrition from the traditional cereals. Triticale consistently outyielded the other cereals in total dry matter production followed by the rye, wheat and barley in that order. Grain yield was highest in the wheat and least in the rye, the latter also being the least responsive to nitrogen. The advantage of the triticale lay in its high grain protein and lysine content combined with good yield.

Growth and productivity of irrigated Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) in northern Australia. I. Plant density and arrangement effects on light interception and distribution, and grain yield, in the hybrid Texas 610SR in low and medium latitudes

The influence of plant arrangement and density on yield of the grain sorghum hybrid Texas 610SR grown as an irrigated dry season crop in the Ord Irrigation Area (lat. 16�S) was determined. Neither the rate of dry matter production nor the pattern of partitioning of dry matter during grain-filling varied between treatments, and grain yield was unresponsive to row spacings below 75 cm and densities above 267000 plants ha-1. The results were analysed by considering the effect of radiation interception and distribution in the canopy on dry matter production. The opportunity was then taken to compare this trial, and two others conducted at the same low latitude where grain yield was unresponsive to density, with four trials conducted at higher latitudes (27�S.) where Texas 610SR was very responsive to density. The effect is shown to be associated with radiation penetration into canopies. In the low latitude trials the poorer penetration of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) into high density stands could have resulted from lack of structural adjustment of the canopy, in contrast to the experience at medium latitude. Equally, there may have been an effect of lower solar angles at low latitude, resulting in the poorer PAR distribution. The consequence was a failure of response of dry matter production to increasing density, reflected in grain yield.

Effect of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Growth and Dry Matter Production of Crop Plants : II. Specific and varietal differences in the response of dry matter production

Effect of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Growth and Dry Matter Production of Crop Plants : II. Specific and varietal differences in the response of dry matter production