Respondent Familiarity Research Articles

Assessment of Disaster Familiarity and its Associated Factors among Undergraduate Nurses

A disaster is a condition that disrupts daily life, destroys infrastructure, electricity, and roads, and results in the death of people. Hence, familiarity with disasters allows nurses to help catastrophe victims. Objective: To assess disaster familiarity and its associated factors among undergraduate nurses. Methods: A cross-section study was conducted among students of two universities. It was undertaken between July 2021 to November 2022. The subjects consisted of 175 registered nurses enrolled for graduation Post RN-BS nursing program at nursing institutes of both universities. A consecutive sampling technique was used to approach the participants. The data were collected using a validated tool and analyzed on SPSS 21. Results: Of the 175 respondents, 58.29% were female, and the majority (63.42%)of participants were between 21-30 years old. Overall familiarity in the case of a large-scale emergency event, it was found that 48(27.4%) of the study participants were moderately familiar, 42(24.0%) were very familiar, and 41(23.4%) were average familiar. Conclusions: The overall familiarity of respondents with disaster preparedness was at a moderate level. While, gender, clinical experience, and age of the study participants were the most important factors impacting nurses working in emergencies. This topic needs more attention to be added to the curriculum of healthcare workers, and the government should organize periodic training sessions to enhance their level of knowledge.

Percepcija zelenog oglašavanja i eko-oznaka od strane potrošača - uticaj na kupovne namere

Due to increasing degradation of natural environment, the importance of environmentally responsible production and consumption, as well as green marketing and sustainable labeling has been growing. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of consumers' perception of green advertising and eco-labels on their intentions to purchase eco-labeled products. A research was carried out by using an online survey method on a convenient sample of 172 consumers in the Republic of Serbia. The results showed that, in spite of respondents reporting their environmental awareness and concern, respondents mostly did not consider the impact of their own purchasing habits on the environment. Obtained results showed the existence of a strong relationship between the respondents' pro-environmental behavior and their current purchase, green advertising receptivity, attitude towards green advertising, perception of eco-labels and purchasing intentions. Also, it was found that respondents who were more responsive to green advertising and had better attitudes towards green advertising were more likely to purchase products which are eco-labeled. On the other hand, respondents' perception of eco-labels did not strongly influence purchasing intentions towards eco-labeled products, which is a consequence of insufficient familiarity of respondents with environmental product labeling. These research findings have valuable implications for companies defining strategies to include environmental appeals in their marketing communication, as well as for public institutions in Serbia for the further planning of activities related to encouragement of environmentally friendly production and consumption.

From Fragility to Resilience—How Prepared Was the Romanian Business Environment to Face the COVID-19 Crisis?

The issue of business resilience is a topical one, in the context of which a large number of the companies on the market have faced many challenges in the last two years, raising the issue of market survival. But was the Romanian business environment ready to face the COVID-19 crisis? How prepared is it to continue to face the obstacles posed by the pandemic? The purpose of this paper is to identify the main effects that the pandemic has generated on Romanian SMEs, while presenting the results of a study on this topic. We proceeded to determine the level of familiarity of respondents on the evolution of SMEs during the pandemic and the study of their level of interest, on the effects generated by the current epidemiological context, and on the evolution of the business environment, while analysing the level of optimism/pessimism of the respondents, regarding the general evolution of the Romanian business environment. Although some companies are open to implementing change, there is also a significant percentage of firms that, for various reasons, do not consider making major changes in the near future, either because they are not aware of the need for change or out of fear.

Interviewing the Interviewers: Perceptions of Interviewer–Respondent Familiarity on Survey Process and Error in Burkina Faso

A growing body of literature in low- and middle-income countries is challenging the long-held assumption that the respondent and interviewer should be strangers. We conducted a qualitative study in Burkina Faso comprised of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to explore interviewers’ experiences of collecting data on sexual and reproductive health indicators in their communities, and their perceptions of how familiarity with the respondents influences measurement error and nonresponse. We found that interviewers perceive familiarity to affect the process of collecting data but has minimal impact on responses obtained. Rather, interviewers perceived the personality of the respondent and her willingness to disclose personal information to be of greater influence. This study illustrates the complexities of interviewer–respondent exchange, provides context for the hiring practices of future surveys, and suggests specific variables to check when assessing data quality.

Exploring the Factors Influencing the Readiness of Faculty and Students on Online Teaching and Learning as an Alternative Delivery Mode for the New Normal

The Laguna State Polytechnic University (LSPU) joins the Philippine government with all its actions by launching an initiative to take care of its students and employees, and the academic community amid the spread of the COVID-19 disease. This descriptive-correlational study investigated the factors influencing the readiness in online teaching and learning as an alternative delivery mode to continue the teaching-learning process, even the absence of face-to-face interactions between teachers and students. The content-validated and researchers-made online survey instrument, which reported an excellent reliability index of Cronbach α = 0.95, was administered via a google form. Responses from 348 faculty and 7,205 students at the university were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percent, mean, and standard deviation. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine the significant predictors of respondent readiness. The results revealed that respondent familiarity and capability, preparation, device and access connectivity, self-efficacy, and experience with technology significantly influence their readiness on the conduct of online teaching and learning modality. It is concluded that faculty and student readiness on online teaching and learning is determined by their competence, accessibility of ICT tool, preparedness, confidence in their ability to use technology, and exposure to e-learning materials. Hence, the university and in the broader scope, the Commission on Higher Education (CHEd), may conduct series of training for teachers as a capacity building to equip them with knowledge and competencies on the use of flexible or blended learning. Further, a university-wide learning system may be designed, adopted, and implemented in case the Enhanced Community Quarantine will not be lifted for a longer period.

Has the clinical governance development agenda stalled? Perceptions of New Zealand medical professionals in 2012 and 2017

Clinical governance is a key policy and organisational foundation for health care quality improvement. This study sought to measure progress with clinical governance development from the perspective of practicing medical professionals in the New Zealand public health system. A short fixed-response survey, with questions derived from a government policy statement, was sent in 2012 and 2017 to all registered medical professionals in ongoing employment in New Zealand’s public health system. Respondents, therefore, worked across New Zealand’s 20 District Health Boards (DHBs), which own and manage public hospital and health care services. The survey sought to gauge medical professionals’ perspectives around performance on, and implementation of, key clinical governance components. The overall performance in clinical governance development declined or stalled between the two survey periods across eight out of 10 key survey questions. There were improvements on two questions relating to respondent familiarity with clinical governance concepts, and to management support for clinical leadership development, but no change in areas such as having a structure to support clinical governance, or working in partnership with management. Limited government and DHB policy attention to clinical governance may well have contributed to stalled development across the New Zealand health system. If so, this finding has lessons for other countries and health systems in which there has been varying government support for the clinical governance agenda with ramifications around expectations for clinical leadership on, and involvement in, quality improvement.

Assessing mammal community composition in the Huinay Biological Reserve (Chile) through questionnaire surveys: biases associated with respondents

The study of people’s knowledge through interviews and questionnaires can provide a good picture of the composition of mammal communities. However, there is considerable potential for error and bias in these surveys, including some associated with the familiarity of respondents with wildlife. Our main goals were: 1) to assess mammal community composition of the Huinay Biological Reserve, a remote Valdivian rainforest area in southern Chile, and 2) to evaluate the relationship between the degree of respondents’ contact with native mammals and their knowledge about the mammal community. A questionnaire was designed to gather data about the mammal species recorded by people who lived in, or had visited, the area between 2010 and 2013. A total of 13 mammal species were mentioned by 43 participants in the survey. Overall, all the mammal species that inhabit the study area according to general mammal distribution maps were identified in our survey. Both the total number of species mentioned (observed or not) and the number of species seen by the respondents were positively associated with the time they stayed in the area. Our findings suggest that questionnaire surveys may provide useful information about the composition of mammal communities in remote areas of southern Chile, but selecting knowledgeable respondents is challenging.

Survey of medical center employees’ willingness and availability to donate blood in support of a civilian warm fresh whole blood program

In military settings, utilizing warm fresh whole blood (WFWB) was associated with reduced mortality; however, there are multiple challenges for administering WFWB to civilians. The authors aimed to determine barriers to hospital employees emergently donating to civilian WFWB programs. We surveyed hospital employee willingness to donate emergently, familiarity with blood donation, and queried baseline demographics. The electronic survey was disseminated to a random sample of employees. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed. Three thousand surveys were sent; 883 were returned (28 percent). The majority of respondents were female (n = 630, 71 percent). Respondent familiarity with WFWB donation included very/somewhat familiar (n = 381, 43 percent) and somewhat-not/not-at-all familiar (n = 356, 40 percent). Most were definitely or somewhat willing to emergently donate (n = 660, 75 percent). Four hundred and sixty would drive from home to donate (52 percent). The majority worked day-time shifts (n = 754, 85 percent). In regards to donation history, 366 (41 percent) had donated blood more than ten times, but 138 (16 percent) had never donated. Barriers to emergent donation were identified (55 percent), with the most common being childcare responsibilities (n = 242; 27 percent). Hospital employees are willing to donate WFWB emergently, but program implementation must address donor availability and logistical barriers. Future research should assess feasibility of a civilian WFWB program by determining regulatory challenges, development of a quality system for emergency donations, assessment of optimal workforce structure, potential impact to the general blood inventory, as well as patient and community perspectives regarding untested blood units.

Russian literary classics in the reading preferences of contemporary Russian students

The problem of studying the structure of reading preferences of the population is interdisciplinary, as it belongs to the fields of literary studies, teaching, and social studies. There is a need for the research matching the current situation, which a number of authors quite rightfully name the “reading crisis”. At the same time, specific empirical studies of the recent years in Russia show an increase in reader interest (especially among young people). This actualizes the need to diagnose the structure of reader preferences in the vanguard of young people, the future scientific, technical, and managerial elite — the university students. In the world, one may see a reception of the national classical literary heritage as a reaction to globalist projects in the form of Americanization (or rather, McDonaldization). This study aims to analyze the place of Russian literary classics in the structure of reading preferences among the university students based on the results of a specific sociological questionnaire of the student audience in Astrakhan, Volgograd, and Moscow, implemented under the guidance and direct participation of the authors in 2016 and in 2019. As an indicator of familiarity of respondents with the works of Russian and Soviet writers of the 19th and 20th centuries, the authors counted the reading of a full text. The level of familiarity with the texts of the Golden Age of the Russian culture has increased, same goes for the readers’ interest in Soviet authors. Students pay more attention to the works of N. V. Gogol and M. A. Bulgakov nowadays. There is also a growing audience of authors, who write about the Great Patriotic War. The authors of this article associate this phenomenon with the activation of the historical memory of Russians. At the same time, the results show that students prefer the Soviet period of literary classics to a much lesser extent than the works of the Golden Age. The tendency to increase the importance of Russian literary classics in the structure of reader preferences of contemporary students can be associated with the processes of revival of interest in Russian culture, with the strengthening of civil position, and ultimately — the national identity. The prospects for further research are considered by the authors based on qualitative methods involving the theoretical and methodological potential of social and literary studies, which can show the possible transformation of the understanding of the meaning of works of Russian literary classics by modern students.

The relationship between interviewer-respondent familiarity and family planning outcomes in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a repeat cross-sectional analysis

ObjectivesThe typical approach of survey data collection is to use interviewers who are not from the study site and do not know the participants, yet the implications of this approach...

Citizen Attitudes Towards Public–Private Partnerships

This study examines the factors that influence public attitudes toward public–private partnerships (PPPs) through an analysis of public opinion data collected in 2014. Although previous literature has examined public attitudes toward government contracting and asset privatization, there is little understanding of how the public feels about more collaborative forms of public–private interaction. Counter to previous studies that suggest that support for free enterprise and a disdain for government increases support for private involvement in public services, we find that attitudes toward PPPs are nuanced: Respondents favor them not only when they have positive feelings toward the business sector but also when they also report trust in government. PPPs are thus perceived not as a replacement to public administration, but as a delivery model that demands competence and trust of both public and private partners. The results also explain a previously unstudied relationship between respondent familiarity with PPPs and their attitudes toward them. Counter to expectations, we find that the more familiarity that respondents have with PPPs, the more likely they are to view them favorably. We also identify factors that predict public opinions of PPPs which can inform public outreach and public involvement programs involved with PPPs.

The Impact of Respondent-Interviewer Familiarity and Repeated Survey Participation on Abortion Reporting: Evidence from Rajasthan, India.

Researchers have long assumed that familiarity between an interviewer and a survey participant reduces the validity of responses, especially for such sensitive behaviors as abortion. However, little empirical evidence exists on this issue. Data on 6,041 women aged 15-49 and 133 interviewers who took part in the second (2017) round of the Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 survey in Rajasthan, India, were used to examine the effect of interviewer-respondent acquaintance and participation in the prior survey round on women's reporting of induced abortion. Associations were identified using multivariate, multilevel models that adjusted for respondent, interviewer and community characteristics, and that included interviewer random effects. On average, interviewers completed interviews with 41 respondents from their assigned cluster; they reported that they were acquainted with 61% of respondents and that 13% of respondents had participated in the prior survey round. Four percent of women reported having had an abortion. Neither interviewer-respondent acquaintance nor participation in the previous survey round was associated with abortion reporting in any of the multivariate models or in additional sensitivity analyses. The findings do not support the hypothesis that respondent familiarity with the interviewer or the survey process is associated with lower reporting of sensitive behaviors, like abortion. Future studies should further explore these and other design features to identify those that provide statistically significant improvements in the reporting of abortion and other sensitive behaviors.

Attitude and Loyalty to Two Brands of Beer of the Same Producer

Abstract The focus of the presented research is attitude and loyalty to two brands of beer produced by the Carlsberg Group – Tuborg and Carlsberg. Both beers are lagers. The Carlsberg Group markets Tuborg as a more premium brand, and it also aims to promote it to women. Unlike in the Netherlands with one brand – Heineken and unlike in the Czech Republic with many well-known brands by a multitude of producers, the Danish case gives a unique opportunity to investigate if customers truly prefer one of two brands or are approximately equally low with regards to both brands as it is produced by the same company and tastes very similarly (if not the same). The survey was conducted in Denmark. Respondents were Danish (not international) university students; such selection was done in order to ensure familiarity of respondents with both brands.

岡山県健診受診者の慢性腎臓病 （CKD） 認知度 ～2015年度～

Public education programs about chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been performed in Okayama, Japan for the past 10 years. The present study investigated the perception of CKD in a general population in Okayama. In October and November 2015, a questionnaire survey was distributed by 12 medical centers in five medical districts in Okayama prefecture. A total of 7,022 respondents who underwent their physical checkup at these centers answered the questionnaire. In response to a questionnaire item asking about the respondent's familiarity with the term “CKD,” only 4% of the respondents answered “know it well” and 10% answered “unfamiliar.” In contrast, in response to a questionnaire item asking about the respondent's familiarity with “chronic kidney disease,” 27% answered “know it well” and 38% answered “unfamiliar.” The leading avenue by which the respondents learned about CKD/chronic kidney disease was television, followed by newspapers, magazines, and a family doctor or nurse. The leading component which the respondents considered essential for the diagnosis of CKD/chronic kidney disease was proteinuria. A stratified analysis demonstrated a higher recognition of “CKD” or “chronic kidney disease” in the medical districts in northern Okayama prefecture compared to southern Okayama prefecture. These results indicated that the awareness of CKD in Okayama prefecture is still inadequate. Many people did not appear to realize that the term “CKD” represents “chronic kidney disease”. Further continuous public education efforts are required to enlighten people about CKD/chronic kidney disease.

Stigmatization of psychiatric symptoms and psychiatric service use: a vignette-based representative population survey.

Background There is evidence for two different types and/or sources of mental illness stigma, namely the display of psychiatric symptoms and the use of psychiatric service institutions. However, no current study has compared the two. Furthermore, gaps exist in our knowledge of both types of stigma. Little is known about the perceived stigma of specific psychiatric service treatment environments, for instance forensic settings. In addition, systematic research on stigma attached to symptoms of personality disorders in the general population is scarce, and for borderline personality disorder, nonexistent. Methods We conducted a representative survey of the general population (N=2207) in the canton of Basel-Stadt, Switzerland. Participants were asked to read a vignette depicting either the psychiatric symptoms of a fictitious character or a psychiatric service institution to which the character had been admitted, and indicate desired social distance (an indicator for stigma). Type of symptoms, type of psychiatric service, dangerousness, and gender were systematically varied between vignettes. Findings Desired social distance was significantly lower in relation to psychiatric service use than to psychiatric symptoms. Overall, symptoms of alcohol dependency, behavior endangering others, and the fictitious character's being male tend to increase stigmatization. Interestingly, the character's being hospitalized in a psychiatric unit at a general hospital and also respondent familiarity with psychiatric services tend to decrease stigmatization. Interpretation Familiarity of the general population with psychiatric patients should be increased. Furthermore, treatment in psychiatric units located within general hospitals should be promoted, as such treatment is associated with decreased stigma.

Marine spatial planning for the future: Using Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) to inform the human dimension for large marine parks

Marine protected area (MPA) research continues to be dominated by biophysical interests. However, understanding social data, including people's values and preferences, is critical to both effective planning and management and long-term MPA success. Having these social data in a spatial form is essential, given that MPA planning and management increasingly uses marine spatial planning (MSP) approaches to carefully locate and mediate among potentially competing uses in both space and time. An online Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) survey was used to collect spatially explicit information on stakeholder values and management preferences for Australia's remote Kimberley region. The Kimberley coast and marine environment is characterised by a multiplicity of values and preferences. Key values included biological conservation, aesthetics, recreational fishing, Aboriginal culture and heritage, and nature based tourism. Management preferences were dominated by the desire to increase conservation/protection, exclude oil/gas development and commercial fishing, and to increase Aboriginal management. The diversity of values and preferences present suggests potential for conflict over management and permitted uses. Significant associations between value and preference distribution and the Kimberley's five marine protected areas were analysed. Accessibility and respondent familiarity appear linked to value attribution. More accessible MPAs were significantly associated with recreation values while more remote MPAs were characterised by a conservation ethos and general aversion to development. Our research demonstrates that PPGIS enables documentation of spatially explicit social data across large scales, highlighting potential synergies and conflicts in values and permitted uses, in a manner that can readily integrate with ecologically based marine spatial planning processes.

Should historic sites protection be targeted at the most famous? Evidence from a contingent valuation in Scotland

We used a contingent valuation survey of a random sample of the general public living in Scotland to estimate how willingness to pay (WTP) for the conservation of historic sites (such as castles and stone circles) varies with how well-known these sites are and whether people have visited them. Each respondent was asked to state a maximum WTP in terms of higher income taxes for the conservation of two sites, one of which was “famous” and one of which was less well-known. The hypothetical scenario involved payment to avoid future damage to each site. When observable differences in respondent characteristics are controlled for, we found no significant differences in mean WTP across sites. However, a significant effect was found for respondent familiarity with each site (in terms of recognising it on a photograph), with sites which respondents were more familiar with attracting higher WTP values. Distance effects on WTP were mixed: significant effects of distance of the site from respondents’ homes were only found for the less well-known sites, but not for famous sites. The main conclusions of the study were that (i) the Scottish general public are willing to pay for the conservation of historic sites and that (ii) such values exist as much for less well-known sites as for famous sites. This implies that public funds should not be allocated solely to conservation of the best-known sites.

Who Trusts Local Human Rights Organizations?: Evidence from Three World Regions

Local human rights organizations (LHROs) are crucial allies in international efforts to promote human rights. Without support from organized civil society, efforts by transnational human rights reformers would have little effect. Despite their importance, we have little systematic information on the correlates of public trust in LHROs. To fill this gap, we conducted key informant interviews with 233 human rights workers from sixty countries, and then administered a new Human Rights Perceptions Poll to representative public samples in Mexico (n = 2,400), Morocco (n = 1,100), India (n = 1,680), and Colombia (n = 1,699). Our data reveal that popular trust in local rights groups is consistently associated with greater respondent familiarity with the rights discourse, actors, and organizations, along with greater skepticism toward state institutions and agents. The evidence fails to provide consistent, strong support for other commonly held expectations, however, including those about the effects of foreign funding, socioeconomic status, and transnational connections.

Self-administered Questions and Interviewer–Respondent Familiarity

We examine the effects of interviewer–respondent familiarity on both response patterns and rates of item nonresponse when self-administered questions (SAQs) are used. We use SAQ data from a survey in which the researchers experimentally ensured that there would be varying degrees of familiarity between interviewers and respondents. Our results reveal only minimal differences in response patterns by degree of prior acquaintance between interviewer and respondent, indicating that SAQs are effective at eliminating potential bias stemming from such relationships. Our results for item nonresponse depend on how we measure the relationship between interviewer and respondent; but in all cases, it is clear that prior knowledge of one another, far from harmful, leads to low nonresponse rates to SAQs. Thus, researchers using SAQs may not need to adhere to the norm that interviewers and respondents must be strangers, with practical and cost-effective consequences for data collection.

Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: Exposure, Behavior, and Policy Implications

This research investigates the influence that the proliferation of prescription drug advertising has on consumers’ purchase decisions by evaluating how direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) awareness influences the acquisition of the prescription erectile dysfunction (ED) drug Viagra. The authors’ purpose is to determine whether familiarity with DTCA influences the likelihood that consumers will try to obtain Viagra with and/or without a prescription while considering demographic, individual trait, and attitudinal factors. Their results indicate that a significant relationship exists between awareness and acquisition of the drug. They find that respondent familiarity with DTCA is positively associated with the likelihood of having ordered Viagra, indicating that DTCA does play a role in prompting men to seek medical advice. Despite controversy over the appropriateness of sexual themes depicted in ED advertisements, it seems that the use of DTCA for ED drugs has helped many men feel more comfortable in discussing sexual impotence with their physicians. Thus, the authors’ findings provide support for DTCA advocates who promote drug advertising as an important information resource that helps guide responsible consumer decision making. Moreover, the results uncover two individual difference variables that promoted Viagra use without medical consent, indicating a need to identify potentially vulnerable populations relevant to individual brands or therapeutic classes of drugs. Although the study's results and findings are limited to a single therapeutic class, they provide general policy implications and directions for extension of the research.