Respiratory Disease In Rabbits Research Articles

Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Complex Responses to Bordetella bronchiseptica Infections in the Spleen of Rabbits.

Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica) causes a respiratory disease in rabbits. To determine the proteins of B. bronchiseptica in rabbits related to the disease, differentially accumulated proteins in B. bronchiseptica-infected cells are identified by comparative proteomic analysis. Comparative proteomic analysis detects 5814 proteins and quantifies 4854 of these. Fifty eight upregulated and 38 downregulated proteins are identified in spleen tissue after B. bronchiseptica infection of rabbits (both p < 0.05). The significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways are ribosome, biosynthesis of amino acids, biosynthesis of amino acids, protein export, and carbon metabolism etc. (all p < 0.01). Significantly enriched KEGG pathways include 'ocu03010 ribosome' (a); 'ocu00260 glycine, serine threonine metabolism'. Analyses of control and infected spleen cells detect responses to B. bronchiseptica infection. Many differentially affected proteins are evident, and reflect different biological changes and diverse subcellular localizations between control and infected spleen cells. Infection markedly alters the expressions of proteins linked to the serine protease system, with the 'phagosome,' 'biosynthesis of amino acids,' 'glycine, serine threonine metabolism,' 'intestinal immune network for IgA production', and 'amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism' associated with B. bronchiseptica infection. The result will inform studies of responses to B. bronchiseptica infections in rabbits.

Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolated from dead rabbits with respiratory disease in Fujian, China

BackgroundPasteurella multocida is one of the important pathogens that infect rabbits, causing major economic losses in commercial rabbit farming. In this study, 205 P. multocida isolates recovered from lungs of dead rabbits with respiratory disease were defined by capsular serogroups, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes, multi-locus sequence types and screened virulence factors by using PCR assays, and tested antimicrobial susceptibility.ResultsThe 205 isolates were assigned into 2 capsular types, A and D, and 2 LPS genotypes, L3 and L6. When combining capsular types with LPS genotypes, 4 serotypes were detected. A:L3 (51.22%, 105/205) was the most predominant serotype, followed by A:L6 (24.88%, 51/205), D:L6 (19.02%, 39/205) and D:L3 (4.88%, 10/205). The 205 isolates were grouped into 3 sequence types, ST10, ST11 and ST12. ST12 (56.10%, 115/205) was the most prevalent sequence type, followed by ST10 (24.88%, 51/205) and ST11 (19.02%, 39/205). In the 205 isolates, virulence associated genes ptfA, fur, hgbB, ompA, ompH and oma87 were positive in the PCR screening, whereas the toxA and tbpA genes were negative. Notably, the 156 capsular serogroup A isolates carried the pmHAS gene. All the 205 isolates were susceptible to most of the used antibiotics, except for streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and ceftriaxone, and the resistance rates of which were 27.80, 15.61, 9.27 and 2.44%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study, for the first time, described the prevalence and characteristics of P. multocida causing respiratory disease in rabbits in Fujian Province, which might be useful for tracking the epidemic strains and development of efficient vaccines and methods to prevent and control the pathogen.

Respiratory disease in rabbits

The popularity of rabbits as household pets has steadily increased over the past decade, leading to great improvements in their standard of care. Respiratory problems are frequently encountered in pet...

Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus strain causing severe respiratory disease in rabbits

&lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt; is acknowledged as one of the important pathogens isolated from humans and animals. However, the &lt;em&gt;S. aureus&lt;/em&gt; causing severe respiratory diseases in rabbits have not been well characterised. A &lt;em&gt;S. aureus&lt;/em&gt; named FZHW001, isolated from the lungs of dead rabbits with severe respiratory disease, was characterised by artificial infection of rabbits, detection of virulence factors, multi-locus sequencing typing and antimicrobial susceptibility test. The FZHW001 infected rabbits showed identical respiratory symptoms to those of naturally infected ones, and the isolate could spread through directed contact among rabbits. The isolate was typed into clonal complex 121 and carried 7 of 13 tested virulence factors. Furthermore, the isolate was identified to be methicillin-susceptible &lt;em&gt;S. aureus&lt;/em&gt; and was susceptible to 7 of 12 tested antibiotics. This study first describes the characteristics of &lt;em&gt;S. aureus&lt;/em&gt; isolated from rabbits causing severe respiratory disease, which will help in further understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of &lt;em&gt;S. aureus&lt;/em&gt; in rabbits.

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tulathromycin following intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administrations in healthy rabbits

Aim: This work was performed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the triamilide antibiotic, tulathromycin in healthy rabbits. Materials and Methods: Ten rabbits in each group were given a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) of tulathromycin via intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administrations. The concentration of tulathromycin in plasma was determined by microbiological assay Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the test organism. Results: Following IV administration, the total body clearance (Cltot) was 321.70 ml/kg.h, the volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) was 13.26 L/kg and the value of the elimination half-life (t1/2β) was 29.29 h. After SC administration, the elimination half-life (t1/2el), mean residence time (MRT) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were significantly higher (36.22 h, 52.54 h and 882.19 ng/ml) than after IM route (31.69 h, 45.89 h and 714.72 ng/ml), respectively. Tulathromycin was bound to the extent of 36% to plasma protein of healthy rabbits. The absolute bioavailabilities were 88.07 and 94.25% after IM and SC injections. Conclusion: Thus a single dose of tulathromycin is promising treatment for most respiratory disease in rabbits.

PARAMYXOVIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH PNEUMONIA IN A DWARF RABBIT

Les maladies respiratoires chez le lapin sont le plus souvent associees avec les infections a Pasteurella multocida. En dehors de la Myxomatose et de la Maladie Hemorragique virale du lapin, aucune autre maladie respiratoire spontanee d'origine virale n'a ete decrite chez le lapin a notre cas de pneumonie aigue et letale, associee a la presence de particules virales de type paramyxovirus. La lesion dans les poumons etait caracterisee par une alveolite a cellules geantes. Les resultats de cette etude devraient encourager les efforts en vue de l'isolement de virus a partir de cas de maladies respiratoires aigues chez le lapin, afin d'eclaircir le role eventuel des virus dans la pneumonie chez cette espece.

An update of rabbit diseases. Part 1: Respiratory disease

The literature relating to respiratory disease in rabbits is reviewed. Pasteurella multocida was identified in the 1920s as the most important and common cause of respiratory disease in rabbits, and today pasteurellosis remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in farmed rabbits. Methods of treatment and prevention are reviewed, including recent experimental work in vaccine development.

Respiratory infection in the rabbit: an enzootic caused by Pasteurella lepiseptica and attempts to control it by vaccination.

The existence of a respiratory disease in domestic rabbits is a problem of concern not only to the laboratory but also to the commercial breeder. The disease, known commonly as snuffles, has been recognized since rabbits were first used as laboratory animals. The etiology of the disease has received extensive investigation by several workers, chief among them being Ferry,i who isolated an organism associated with the disease which he called Bacillus bronchosepticus, and Webster,2-4 who concluded that the causative organism was primarily Pasteurella lepisepticum. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the cause of a 50% mortality rate, with death almost invariably due to pneumonic infection or accompanied by it, in a colony consisting of about 1000 rabbits, many of which are inbred. The etiology of similar respiratory diseases in rabbits shipped from breeders and laboratories in other localities was also determined.