Resources In Different Countries Research Articles

Exploring the Impact of Educational Informatization on Sustainable Development in Global Education Systems

Education informatization uses intelligent algorithms and information technology to develop educational resources, optimize the educational process, and establish a modern education concept. The global education system is the general term for the education system of different countries and regions. There are internal connections but also significant differences. Education informatization can reuse the educational resources of developed countries, improve the education level of developing countries, and realize the undifferentiated development of global education. The research on education informatization mainly stays at the theoretical level and lacks the optimization technology of the educational process, which limits the sustainable development of the global education system. Therefore, this paper proposes a global education system optimization method based on information technology, which classifies educational resources, concepts and processes in different regions and countries. Then, the system education is built through the B/S framework, and the educational resources of different B/S layers are transmitted through the wireless transmission protocol to complete the construction of the global education system. Finally, the global education system is evaluated. The results show that the global education system optimization method proposed in this paper can improve the sustainability of educational resources, the optimization rate of educational resources is greater than 80%, the optimization accuracy of the educational process is greater than 90%, and the improvement rate of educational philosophy is greater than 80%., significantly higher than the previous network information platform. Therefore, this paper proposes that the wireless transmission protocol can support education informatization, promote the sustainable development of the global education system, promote the balance of educational resources in different countries and regions, and enhance the modern education concept.

FOREIGN EXPERIENCES IN ORGANIZING AND MANAGING THE USE OF LAND RESOURCES

The article analyzes the goals and objectives of the state regulation of land resources in different countries, as well as the goals and objectives of the implementation of land relations. The article also suggests ways to use the experience of foreign countries in the field of organizing and managing the use of land resources in the conditions of Uzbekistan.

Physical and virtual nutrient flows in global telecoupled agricultural trade networks

Global agricultural trade creates multiple telecoupled flows of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The flows of physical and virtual nutrients along with trade have discrepant effects on natural resources in different countries. However, existing literature has not quantified or analyzed such effects yet. Here we quantified the physical and virtual N and P flows embedded in the global agricultural trade networks from 1997 to 2016 and elaborated components of the telecoupling framework. The N and P flows both increased continuously and more than 25% of global consumption of nutrients in agricultural products were related to physical nutrient flows, while virtual nutrient flows were equivalent to one-third of the nutrients inputs into global agricultural system. These flows have positive telecoupling effects on saving N and P resources at the global scale. Reducing inefficient trade flows will enhance resource conservation, environmental sustainability in the hyper-globalized world.

Toward a Socio-Political Approach to Promote the Development of Circular Agriculture: A Critical Review.

Under the dual pressure of ensuring global food security and coping with the effects of climate change, many countries have proposed projects of circular agriculture to mitigate the vulnerability of agricultural systems. However, due to the different utilizations of agricultural resources in different countries, there are still some important limitations and obstacles to the promotion of agricultural recycling technologies. This review discusses global circular agriculture projects from a social science perspective. We found that (1) current research on circular agriculture is concentrated in the field of natural sciences with a focus on technological upgrading, neglecting social, political and economic research; (2) top-down circular agriculture projects rely on infrastructure and technical inputs for management, which undermines the focus on public participation and is limited by the timing and intensity of state intervention; (3) the development model led by enterprises or associations relies on cooperation and benefit games with farmers, and its sustainability depends largely on changes in the regulation of the agricultural waste utilization system. Based on this, this review argues that circular agriculture projects are not only technical issues in the field of natural sciences, but also strongly influenced by social development. For future research, we strongly recommend cross-disciplinary cooperation, not limited to technology development.

RESEARCH OF THE INTELLIGENT RESOURCE SECURITY OF THE NANOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION PARADIGM

The resources and resource potential of the innovative component of nanoeconomics are analyzed. The factors of production – classical types of resources such as land, labor, capital and technology – are described. Ways of influencing the security resources of nanoeconomics within the innovation paradigm are evaluated. The purpose of the study is to identify the factor of nanoeconomics in the formation of resource security potential in the innovation paradigm. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to characterize the importance of the land resource as a factor in the potential of economic nanosystems; to highlight the importance of capital as a factor of nanoproduction and an indicator of the innovation paradigm; to determine the labor resource in the development of innovative nanosystems; to analyze the intellectual potential of nanoeconomic development of the innovation paradigm; to identify clusters of innovative nanopotential in the regions of countries with transition economies. Each resource is examined separately with the first analysis of a resource security assessment such as land. The other resource under consideration is labor. Demographic factors become decisive in describing the development of labor resources. The capital factor allows the formation of independent economic systems, when the state budget affects the possibility of developing science, education and health care. A number of methods were applied during the study: methods of induction and deduction (to assess the importance of the innovation paradigm for the development of nanoeconomics); system analysis and structural approach (to determine the aggregate state of production factors); method of comparing the quality of production factors in market economies and in developed countries; an observation method (for assessing the state of resources in different countries); method of cluster analysis (to determine the existence of innovation-territorial regions in countries with economies in transition). The analysis is carried out to identify the conditions of the impact of production factors on the innovative paradigm of nanoeconomics. It reveals theoretical approaches to the formation of nanoeconomics and its active development. As a result of the study of intellectual and resource potential of security, a cluster analysis was carried out to assess the conditions for the formation of innovation-territorial regions. This study allows to understand the role of production security factors in the formation of the innovation paradigm and the efficiency of the development of nanoeconomics. The way of providing the basis for the development of nanoeconomics in the form of efficient use of production factors is considered as a perspective.

A review of appropriate indicators for need-based financial resource allocation in health systems

BackgroundOptimal, need-based, and equitable allocation of financial resources is one of the most important concerns of health systems worldwide. Fulfilling this goal requires considering various criteria when allocating resources. The present study was conducted to identify the need indicators used to allocate health resources in different countries worldwide.MethodsA systematic review conducted on all published articles and reports on the need-based allocation of health financial resources in the English language from 1990 to 2020 in databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus as well as those in Persian language databases, including magiran, SID, and Google and Google scholar search engines. After performing different stages of screening, appropriate studies were identified and their information were extracted independently by two people, which were then controlled by a third person. The extracted data were finally analyzed by content analysis method using MAXQDA 10 software.ResultThis search yielded 823 studies, of which 29 were included for the final review. The findings indicated that many need-based resource allocation formulas attempt to deal with health care needs using some weighting methods for individuals. In this regard, the most commonly used indicators were found as follows: age, gender, socio-economic status or deprivation, ethnicity, standardized mortality ratio (SMR), the modified health indicators (disease consequences, self-assessed health, and disability), geographical area / place of residence (geographical) (rural versus urban), cross-boundary flows, cost of services, and donations.ConclusionThe indicators used in allocating the health systems’ financial resources in each country should be designed in order to be simple and transparent and in accordance with the moral norms of that society. Moreover, these should be a good representative of the health needs of people in different geographical areas of that country. In addition, their related data should be available to an acceptable extent.

The Russian Federation Information Influence (the Czech Republic case study)

Nowadays the hybrid attacks that use propaganda and fake news and are actively inculcated by the information centers under the control of Russian Federation on the territories of EU countries present serious threat not only to Ukraine in the view of disseminating false information about the events in our country but to the population of EU countries who are the final users of such information as well. On the basis of examples fixed by the European representatives concerning a great number of facts when Russia interfered into the process of elections in France and Germany, hackers attacks on social networks of Great Britain during public discussions and referendum on Brexit, we ascertained that the informational presence of the RF propaganda schemes played the decisive role in choosing the European policy, presaged Brexit and ensured the growth of European populists rating on the eve of the important political processes in a number of countries. The aim of the article is to show the means and methods of Russian information propaganda in EU countries on the example of the Chech Republic. Such methods of Russian information propaganda as strict following the multilingual principle while disseminating the same information to different resources in different countries; active usage of English as a mediator; usage of local internet resources; broadcasting the reiterative stories about the migrants from Arab states, the threat of Islamism for Europe, criticism of Western political elite, military crises in Ukraine; forming the image of Russia as the main opponent of aggressive US policy, the symbol of stability; focusing on the negative news, i.e. on protests, political rows, notorious retirements in EU and Western countries; ignoring the success and achievements etc. have been defined. We came to the conclusion that hybrid war in Ukraine drew attention of not only the European population but of the whole world to political, media and social phenomena that is the information war of Russia vs. Ukraine and in broad aspect – to a modern propaganda of Russia which has already challenged the whole democratic world, with an impact on public opinion formation and views of young people. Key words: hybrid war, misinformation, information influence, information propaganda.

Property management dominants for recreational natural resources

Introduction. The natural resources national ownership, which basis the formation of state and other forms of ownership, has a complex nature, sometimes its interests do not reflect the interests of every member of society, especially this applies to the system of appropriation in the nature use management. The analysis of various aspects of state property management for natural resources is due to the necessity of its development as a complex, integrated process involving the expansion of horizontal and vertical interactions and relationships.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to determine the vectors for improving the system of state management by appropriating natural recreational resources for their effective disposal, alternatives to use, and, also receiving and distributing the proceeds of its ownership. In accordance with the article aim, were set the following tasks: to investigate the trends of rent payments and environmental taxes revenues to the state budget; to analyze revenues to the state budget from the use of natural recreational resources, for example, forest and water polyfunctional resources; to provide suggestions, how to improve the property state management of natural recreational resources.
 Results. Analyze of positive and negative tendencies towards effective state management, based on the experience of managing property ownership on natural recreational resources in different countries of the world, are identified. The essence of appropriation of natural recreational resources as an economic-ecological category is determined, and includes appropriation of income from natural resources and losses for irrational use of them. The budgetary revenues from the use of natural production factors are analyzed and their insignificant part of the product manufacturing cost in the areas of activity (forest and water management) is determined, where the basis of the produced goods and services are natural resources. The horizontal management functions dissipation of the same natural recreational resources between different ministries and agencies is identified. Priorities recommendations on the improvement of state natural recreational resources property management are given (inter alia, regulatory framework, forecasting and planning, organization, accounting and control).
 Conclusions. The analysis of rent payments for the natural resources use and environmental taxes shows that almost the free assignment of income from the use of natural capital to economic entities. Thus, summing up the research it can be concluded that the state policy regarding the use of natural recreational capital should be based on ecosystem and polyfunctional approaches, and the most effective directions for its use in various sectors of the national economy and forms of ownership should be determined by the state.

THE ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTHCARE. INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

A literature review on the issues of management and development of human resources for health care that are currently occurring with managers of medical organizations in different countries. The review includes materials available in Scopus, Web of Science, WHO (IRIS) and OECD (iLibrary) databases through 2010-2017. Influence of economic crisis is discussed in terms of state health care policy and solutions on workforce optimization. Strategies to solve problems related to workforce security, personnel management and patient satisfaction have been analyzed, implemented both by health care workers and managers and by the international community. The strengthening of human resources in different countries is carried out through various methods, the main task of which is to correlate the supply of workforce with the needs of the population through competent planning at all stages of the life cycle of human resources, increasing productivity, developing leadership and stimulating workers. Authors' model of balanced development of human resources for health to improve health care efficiency takes into account interests, motivation and needs of health care system and medical professionals. While keeping the balance of these stakeholders interests, opportunities open up to increase the availability of medical services with a reasonable balance of financing and labor costs.

Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment in Low- and Mid-Resource Settings: the Role of Resource-Stratified Clinical Practice Guidelines

One of the most important recent advances in the management of cancer patients have become the development of guidelines. Guidelines are usually evidence-based or international consensus guidelines. Those guidelines may not be applicable worldwide, especially where resources are limited. This prompted initiatives for the development of resource-stratified guidelines so that health care providers and authorities can do the best they can with the resources they have, while working on improving their resources. We will describe the process of development of those guidelines and briefly review recommendations for awareness, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer, focusing on countries and special populations with limited resources. The World Health Organization (WHO) described three resource scenarios (low-resource, middle-resource, and high-resource scenarios) in order to facilitate the establishment of national cancer control plans. The Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI), as an initiative group with goals to improve the care of patients with breast cancer in low- and mid-resource settings, identified four levels of resource availability (basic, limited, enhanced, and maximal) with comprehensive sets of recommendations for each. BHGI published resource-stratified breast cancer guidelines starting in 2006, and later on updated them and focused on implementation and health systems. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) initiated a program, building upon the BHGI experience to resource stratify cancer treatment guidelines across multiple cancer types and published NCCN Framework for resource stratification in breast cancer in 2016. Subsequently, the NCCN has published multiple additional resource stratification frameworks that use slightly different definitions of resource level than use by the BHGI. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has also assembled a Guidelines Advisory Group for Resource Stratification for different cancers, and published its first comprehensive resource-stratified guidelines for cancer of the cervix. International efforts to improve management and reduce disparities in the outcome of breast cancer patients’ worldwide focus on recommendations for better allocation of available resources in different countries. The WHO, BHGI, NCCN, ASCO, and other international initiatives issued various resource-stratified guidelines (RSG) based on levels of resources in different countries. We shed the light on the development of these guidelines and discuss awareness, prevention of advanced disease at presentation, and management. Future research is needed to update and improve dissemination and implementation of RSG, as well as building infrastructure, reforming of health systems, and better allocating resources.

Technological platforms in the field of Earth sciences — a response to challenges of the XXI-st century

Technological platforms in the field of Earth sciences are qualitatively new models of balanced and high-yielding business on effective use of natural resources. Taking as an example the functioning of the platform “Introduction in Ukraine the standards of European Union on effective and balanced usage of energetic, mineral, water and land resources” elaborated by the specialists of the International hub of natural resources TUTKOVSKY and contributed at the VI Congress of the geologists of Ukraine, the expediency of establishment of such interaction of state, sociability and business has been proved. The International hub of natural resources TUTKOVSKY is an operational center of the wide net of enterprises-partners, which integrate the interests of service and products suppliers and their consumers: investors, manufacturing companies and governments realizing the projects on the usage of natural resources in different countries of the world. TUTKOVSKY successively organizes a system networked cooperation to integrate the experience and manufacturing capacities of separate enterprises, progression of their high-tech production and services to meet the demands of their consumers.

Comparing the Developmental Process of Consumptive Orientation Across Different Population Groups

ABSTRACTRecreational fishing provokes conservation concerns given the growing recreational demands on fisheries resources in different countries. Despite the negative impact of recreational fishing on fishery resources, it can contribute to improving resource conditions if appropriate legal and management institutions and understanding anglers' attitudes and behaviors are successfully accomplished. The purpose of this study is to investigate how anglers develop consumptive orientation using the concept and propositions of recreation specialization and to examine how the formation process of consumptive orientation is dissimilar across angler populations between Texas of the United States and Queensland of Australia. Study results suggest that, in some angler populations, increasing specialization may actually increase anglers' level of consumptive orientation; further investigation is needed to better understand the linkages among specialization, experience preferences, and consumptive orientation; and how these linkages can vary between angler populations or population segments.

ОЦЕНКА УГРОЗЫ ИСТОЩЕНИЯ ЗАПАСОВ ТРАДИЦИОННЫХ ТОПЛИВНО-ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ

The issues of the global threat seeing depletion of the main types of traditional fossil energy resources were analyzed. The data is given on the proven world reserves of these energy resources and the timing of their depletion. The theory of M.K. Hubbert on the depletion of mineral deposits is considered. The application of the theory to assess the reserves of fossil energy resources in different countries is analyzed.

Neonatal surgery: Towards evidence-based practice and management

Like all modern medical therapy, neonatal surgery is founded on clinical research, well-tried clinical practice and basic scientific research. Likewise, modern neonatal surgery strives increasingly for evidence-based management and practice. The very nature of neonatal and pediatric surgery renders associated research challenging because of the rarity and small numbers of surgical disorders and varying resources in different countries and institutions and consequently only a few well-designed trials on truly important issues in neonatal surgical treatment have been performed. This article highlights the research methods by which valid evidence-based research data is obtained in observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses. The problem of small numbers of patients may be overcome by multi-center trials, meta-analyses, and networking. Consideration is also given on the quality and the validity of the study data as well as ethical issues in neonatal surgical research.

Huda Zurayk: advancing health and research in the Arab world

Huda Zurayk: advancing health and research in the Arab world

Engaging International Perspectives through EWRI for a Global Profession

The diverse range of global water and environmental issues must be acknowledged to deal effectively with the challenges facing their management in the decades ahead (McDonald et al. 2011; Postel 2010). Nationalistic attitudes are giving way to international collaborations to resolve such problems. These issues require productive interaction among professionals in different parts of the world to most efficiently share approaches and collaborate on innovative developments. One role that professional societies can play is providing opportunities for such collaboration through their activities, including conferences. However, due to imbalances in income and resources in different countries, it can be difficult for colleagues in developing countries to attend meetings in more developed countries. The Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI) of ASCE has been increasing international collaboration in global issues, such as water availability, climate change, and pollution control, by partially supporting competitively selected international fellows from developing countries through the Visiting International Fellowship (VIF) program to attend EWRI’s annual World Environmental and Water Resources Congress. Since the program was established, it has successfully increased participation of water resources and environmental professionals from developing countries in EWRI conferences and promoted sustained professional and cultural exchange. Since 2001, 30 fellowships have been awarded to professionals and students from 19 different countries. One of the reasons for the program’s success is that each fellow has a United Statesor Canada-based host who is an ASCE or EWRI member who often shares common research and professional interests. The VIF program focuses on the annual EWRI congress, where fellows give technical presentations in sessions specific to their area of expertise, providing the best possible opportunity for technical exchange and networking with their global peers. To take advantage of the range of global perspectives represented by the fellows as an educational opportunity for the EWRI community, each year the fellows have been featured in a panel discussion to compare their countries’ water issues. All fellows also participate in networking and intellectual exchange outside of the congress through seminars, meetings, other professional visits, and cultural tours, often arranged by their hosts, to promote sustained professional and cultural exchange. Through these activities the fellow and host explore opportunities for joint collaboration with appropriate partners, including research projects, coauthored papers or books, or extended visits in either country. The program requires some specific activities at the EWRI congress but otherwise offers flexibility to tailor an itinerary that serves the interests of the fellow. In preparation for the 10-year anniversary of the VIF program, the VIF committee administered a survey of past fellows and hosts to learn how the experience affected them professionally, whether they continued to collaborate, and whether they returned to additional ASCE events. After 12 weeks, survey responses were retrieved from 72% of fellows and 46% of hosts contacted. The results of the survey help assess the success of the VIF program. Almost 20% of fellows reported attending EWRI congresses beyond the one initially attended. This is substantial, given the expenses involved in attending such conferences for participants from developing countries. Survey results also indicated that the program’s other major objective of promoting sustained cultural and professional exchange is being met. Most past fellows and hosts remain in contact by exchanging information about projects or activities being developed in their organizations, maintaining contact for collaboration on publications, visiting each other’s countries since the fellowship, and becoming close friends with people met during the fellowship. The feedback from the fellows and hosts regarding their experiences with the program has been overwhelmingly positive. A few highlights from the survey responses regarding international collaborations follow: • Academic and career growth after receiving the fellowship. Most of the fellows reported publishing numerous research articles, receiving invitations to present at conferences, and receiving awards due to collaborations strengthened by the fellowship. One of the fellows is now a member of parliament in her country, influencing decisions made for managing water, health, and the environment. Another fellow noted that the fellowship provided a very positive introduction for him to a new president at his university shortly after he received the fellowship. One fellow was awarded a fellowship from the United Nations Industrial Development Organization to participate in a group of experts regarding water supply in postcrisis situations. Another fellow noted that the visits during his fellowship solidified his decision to focus his career on urban water supply management. Several of the fellows mentioned having been promoted at their institutions since receiving the fellowship. • Collaborations within ASCE/EWRI. Several of the fellows joined EWRI committees after attending the congress with the fellowship, and three of the fellows indicated they had attended other EWRI congresses after receiving the fellowship.

CRITICAL CONSUMPTION

ABSTRACT Critical consumption, the purchase or boycott of goods for political, ethical or environmental reasons, is regularly characterised as an example of ‘new politics’ or ‘new’ political participation. However, such analysis often neglects work from the sociology of consumption and social movement studies. This paper argues that consumers express their identity through critical consumption, in the form of a pledge of allegiance to the goals of certain social movements. Cross-national data from the European Social Survey identifies critical consumers as belonging to higher class positions and being generally older, highly educated, and more often women than men. Separating analysis of boycotting from that of buycotting, the positive purchase of goods for ethical or political reasons, suggests that buycotting is more resource-dependent and individualistic than boycotting. Substantial differences are found between the impact of people's resources in different countries, particularly between Northern and Central European countries and their Southern and Eastern counterparts. The findings thus recommend an approach to consumer politics that remains sensitive to social structural contexts between countries and different forms of consumer participation.

Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Budapest: changing entrepreneurial effects and forms

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore the migration dynamics that have characterized Chinese immigration in Budapest and the migrants' understanding of their own position in relation to the Chinese diaspora. The paper also aims to discuss the interaction of the local economy and resources of the Chinese migrants to form viable network communities.Design/methodology/approachThe ideas of market embeddedness and the critical role of market opportunities are critically evaluated in the context of local practices. The paper seeks to show that the “new” entrepreneur is an active and creative social actor able to utilize, mobilize and control resources in different countries to achieve business opportunities and growth for him/herself.FindingsIt is shown that globalization has spawned “new” transnational spaces and enabled migrant Chinese entrepreneurs to thrive and grow their businesses. This is a new trend and clearly suggests that a qualitatively different migration trajectory is evolving; and theoretically, analysts of globalization and entrepreneurial development have to better account for the different trajectories of entrepreneurial forms.Originality/valueThe paper suggests that this “new” migrant entrepreneurship trend is qualitatively different and marks a “new” development and it is a consequence of economic globalization and the transnationalization of business and economic activities.

Comparisons and Perspectives on HRM in the Asia Pacific

The management of human resources in different countries has become an area of increasing interest for academics and business, one that has taken on Asian aspects. Contributing to this fascination are various views of economic development and the key ingredients of employees, ‘the human touch’ and people management. Various contributions to the field are outlined, including such perennially popular siren songs as convergence and ‘one best way’, concluding that ideas of universalism and nostrums of best practice remain far too simplistic in the dynamic and diverse world of HRM.

The potential for improved abdominal procedures and approaches for tubal occlusion

Methods of sterilization by the abdominal route are reviewed. There are wide variations in practice which reflect experience, training and resources in different countries. Clip sterilization comes nearest to fulfilling the criteria of a satisfactory method, whether performed by laparoscopy or minilaparotomy. The development of the Cambridge clip seems to offer the prospect of a significant improvement in reliability and safe application while microlaparoscopy and a smaller clip would facilitate the use of local anesthesia and decrease morbidity.