Resource For Information Processing Research Articles

Continuous and deterministic all-photonic cluster state of indistinguishable photons

Cluster states are key resources for measurement-based quantum information processing. Photonic cluster and graph states, in particular, play indispensable roles in quantum network and quantum metrology. We demonstrate a semiconductor quantum dot based device in which the confined hole spin acts as a needle in a quantum knitting machine producing continuously and deterministically at sub-Gigahertz repetition rate single indistinguishable photons which are all polarization entangled to each other and to the spin in a one dimensional cluster state. By projecting two nonadjacent photons onto circular polarization bases we disentangle the spin from the photons emitted in between. This way we demonstrate a novel way for producing deterministic and continuous all-photonic cluster states. We use polarization tomography on four sequentially detected photons to demonstrate and to directly quantify the robustness of the cluster’s entanglement and the determinism in its photon generation.

Interaction between visual working memory and upright postural control in young adults: an event-related potential study based on the n-back paradigm.

As a part of the overall information-processing system of the brain, postural control is related to the cognitive processes of working memory. Previous studies have suggested that cognitive tasks and postural control processes can compete for resources in common brain areas, although there is an "inverted U" relationship between arousal level and behavioral control - the arousal level of individuals changes when performing cognitive tasks. However, the exact neural connections between the two are unclear. This may be related to the nature of cognitive tasks. Some studies believe that posture occupies not only spatial information processing resources but also visual non-spatial information processing resources. Other studies believe that posture control only occupies spatial information processing resources in the central system, but does not occupy non-spatial information processing resources. Previous studies used different cognitive task materials and reached different conclusions. In this study, we used the same visuospatial and non-spatial materials, the n-back visual working memory paradigm, the event-related potential technique to investigate the effects of visuospatial and non-spatial working memory tasks on adolescents' postural control under different cognitive loads. The results of this study showed that in both visuospatial and non-spatial conditions, the N1 effect of the parieto-occipital lobe was larger during upright posture than in the sitting position (160-180 ms), the P300 effect of the central parieto-occipital region (280-460 ms) was induced by working memory in different postures, and the P300 wave amplitude was higher in the sitting position than in the upright position. We demonstrated that upright postural control enhances early selective attention but interferes with central memory encoding, thus confirming that postural control and visuospatial and non-spatial working memory share brain regions and compete with each other.

Increasing quantum communication rates using hyperentangled photonic states

Quantum communication is based on the generation of quantum states and exploitation of quantum resources for communication protocols. Currently, photons are considered as the optimal carriers of information, because they enable long-distance transition with resilience to decoherence and they are relatively easy to create and detect. Entanglement is a fundamental resource for quantum communication and information processing, and it is of particular importance for quantum repeaters. Hyperentanglement, a state where parties are entangled with two or more degrees of freedom (DoFs) simultaneously, provides an important additional resource because it increases data rates and enhances error resilience. However, in photonics, the channel capacity, i.e., the ultimate throughput, is fundamentally limited when dealing with linear elements. We propose a technique for achieving higher transmission rates for quantum communication by using hyperentangled states, based on multiplexing multiple DoFs on a single photon, transmitting the photon, and eventually demultiplexing the DoFs to different photons at the destination, using Bell state measurements. Following our scheme, one can generate two entangled qubit pairs by sending only a single photon. The proposed transmission scheme lays the groundwork for novel quantum communication protocols with higher transmission rates and refined control over scalable quantum technologies.

Characterising the Hierarchy of Multi-time Quantum Processes with Classical Memory

Memory is the fundamental form of temporal complexity: when present but uncontrollable, it manifests as non-Markovian noise; conversely, if controllable, memory can be a powerful resource for information processing. Memory effects arise from/are transmitted via interactions between a system and its environment; as such, they can be either classical or quantum. From a practical standpoint, quantum processes with classical memory promise near-term applicability: they are more powerful than their memoryless counterpart, yet at the same time can be controlled over significant timeframes without being spoiled by decoherence. However, despite practical and foundational value, apart from simple two-time scenarios, the distinction between quantum and classical memory remains unexplored. Here, we analyse multi-time quantum processes with memory mechanisms that transmit only classical information forward in time. Complementing this analysis, we also study two related – but simpler to characterise – sets of processes that could also be considered to have classical memory from a structural perspective, and demonstrate that these lead to remarkably distinct phenomena in the multi-time setting. Subsequently, we systematically stratify the full hierarchy of memory effects in quantum mechanics, many levels of which collapse in the two-time setting, making our results genuinely multi-time phenomena.

Energy-Conversion Device Using a Quantum Engine with the Work Medium of Two-Atom Entanglement.

Although entanglement is considered as an essential resource for quantum information processing, whether entanglement helps for energy conversion or output in the quantum regime is still lack of experimental witness. Here, we report on an energy-conversion device operating as a quantum engine with the working medium acted by two entangled ions confined in a harmonic potential. The two ions are entangled by virtually coupling to one of the vibrational modes shared by the two ions, and the quantum engine couples to a quantum load, which is another shared vibrational mode. We explore the energy conversion efficiency of the quantum engine and investigate the useful energy (i.e., the maximum extractable work) stored in the quantum load by tuning the two ions in different degrees of entanglement as well as detecting the change of the phonons in the load. Our observation provides, for the first time, quantitative evidence that entanglement fuels the useful energy produced by the quantum engine, but not helpful for the energy conversion efficiency. We consider that our results may be useful to the study of quantum batteries for which one of the most indexes is the maximum extractable energy.

Entangled Photon‐Magnon Bundle Emission

AbstractMultiquanta correlation between quanta of a completely different nature is an important resource for hybrid quantum information processing since it allows quantum states of matters to be manipulated by other degrees of freedom. Here, a method is proposed to realize the hybrid bundle emission of strongly correlated single photons and magnons. The optically driven multiquanta resonance leads to the super‐Rabi oscillation between the vacuum state and photon‐magnon state, which, combined with system dissipations, generates photon‐magnon bundle emission. Interestingly, accompanied by this bundle emission, the photon‐magnon entanglement and fully inseparable photon‐magnon‐qubit tripartite entanglement are achieved. This allows the proposed hybrid system to serve as a quantum emitter of entangled photon‐magnon bundle, which is useful for building hybrid quantum network and the engineering of new types of quantum devices.

Balanced or imbalanced, that is the question: The effect of R&D/marketing power structure on new product development time

Accelerating new product development (NPD) to gain a first-mover advantage is crucial in today's competitive business landscape. This paper aims to examine the effective power structure in NPD projects through the lens of two divergent theoretical perspectives: Information Processing Theory (IPT) and Resource Dependence Theory (RDT). While IPT suggests the benefit of a balanced decision-making power among various subunits, RDT advocates for a concentrated decision power for faster consensus and efficiency. Our research specifically investigates whether a balanced or imbalanced R&D/marketing power structure is more conducive to accelerating NPD time. This focus stems from the recognition that the interplay between R&D and marketing is critical in shaping NPD outcomes, though we acknowledge the broader context of multifunctional collaboration in NPD, including aspects like manufacturing. The paper tests two competing hypotheses: one advocating a balanced R&D/marketing power structure as per IPT, and the other supporting a dominant R&D/marketing power structure in line with RDT. We surveyed project leaders, R&D, and marketing personnel from 126 NPD projects across 87 Taiwanese firms. The empirical results significantly endorse the balanced R&D/marketing power structure hypothesis, suggesting that a harmonious collaboration between these two key subunits can expedite NPD processes. Our findings contribute to both academic research and managerial practice by offering nuanced insights into optimizing power structures within NPD teams, particularly highlighting the efficacy of a balanced R&D/marketing approach in the context of the prevalent theories.

Climate shocks, institutional investors, and the information content of stock prices

We analyze how the materialization of physical climate risk in the institutional investors’ portfolios spurs a propagation effect on the information content of stock prices. Institutional investors with a relatively high portfolio exposure to natural disasters divest from disaster-hit stocks, decrease the trading intensity in non-hit stocks, and their trading decisions predict low medium-term returns. At the firm-level, institutional investors propagate the effects of disasters to non-hit stocks through reduced incorporation of firm-specific information, especially when the stocks represent a low portfolio weight. Combined, these results suggest that natural disasters trigger a rational reallocation of information-processing resources by institutional investors.

Demonstration of hypergraph-state quantum information processing

Complex entangled states are the key resources for measurement-based quantum computations, which is realised by performing a sequence of measurements on initially entangled qubits. Executable quantum algorithms in the graph-state quantum computing model are determined by the entanglement structure and the connectivity of entangled qubits. By generalisation from graph-type entanglement in which only the nearest qubits interact to a new type of hypergraph entanglement in which any subset of qubits can be arbitrarily entangled via hyperedges, hypergraph states represent more general resource states that allow arbitrary quantum computation with Pauli universality. Here we report experimental preparation, certification and processing of complete categories of four-qubit hypergraph states under the principle of local unitary equivalence, on a fully reprogrammable silicon-photonic quantum chip. Genuine multipartite entanglement for hypergraph states is certificated by the characterisation of entanglement witness, and the observation of violations of Mermin inequalities without any closure of distance or detection loopholes. A basic measurement-based protocol and an efficient resource state verification by color-encoding stabilizers are implemented with local Pauli measurement to benchmark the building blocks for hypergraph-state quantum computation. Our work prototypes hypergraph entanglement as a general resource for quantum information processing.

A photonic engine fueled by entangled two atoms

Entangled states are an important resource for quantum information processing and for the fundamental understanding of quantum physics. An intriguing open question would be whether entanglement can improve the performance of quantum heat engines in particular. One of the promising platforms to address this question is to use entangled atoms as a non-thermal bath for cavity photons, where the cavity mirror serves as a piston of the engine. Here we theoretically investigate a photonic quantum engine operating under an effective reservoir consisting of quantum-correlated pairs of atoms. We find that maximally entangled Bell states alone do not help extract useful work from the reservoir unless some extra populations in the excited states or ground states are taken into account. Furthermore, high efficiency and work output are shown for the non-maximally entangled superradiant state, while negligible for the subradiant state due to lack of emitted photons inside the cavity. Our results provide insights in the role of quantum-correlated atoms in a photonic engine and present new opportunities in designing a better quantum heat engine.

Theoretical-Methodological Foundations for the Global Integration Method (Método de Integração Global-MIG) in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Currently, there is no intervention model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that addresses all levels and factors of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF, WHO). The most researched programs focus on naturalistic, developmental and behavioral approaches to socio-communication. Less attention has been paid to motor and environmental reactivity aspects (behavior/interest restriction and sensory reactivity). The evidence rationale for the Global Integration Method (MIG, "Método de Integração Global"), a model addressing sensorimotor reactivity in addition to socio-communication, is presented. MIG is an integrative, interdisciplinary, family-oriented intervention and naturalistic program that addresses all levels and moderating factors of ASD's impact. MIG's theoretical rationale is based on the predictive coding impairment and embodied cognition hypotheses. MIG incorporates both bottom-up (flexible therapeutic suit, social-motor synchronization) and top-down (schematic social information processing, narratives, imagery) strategies to promote the building and use of accurate, flexible and context-sensitive internal predictive models. MIG is based on the premises that predictive coding improves both socio-communication and environmental reactivity, and that the postural stabilization provided by the flexible therapeutic suit frees information processing resources for socio-cognitive learning. MIG builds on interdisciplinary, professionally and parentally mediated work based on behavioral principles of intensive training in a situated environment.

Engineering the spectra of photon triplets generated from micro/nanofiber

Quantum light sources are the core resources for photonics-based quantum information processing. We investigate the spectral engineering of photon triplets generated by third-order spontaneous parametric down-conversion in micro/nanofiber. The phase mismatching at one–third pump frequency gives rise to non-degenerate photon triplets, the joint spectral intensity of which has an elliptical locus with a fixed eccentricity of 6/3 . Therefore, we propose a frequency-division scheme to separate non-degenerate photon triplets into three channels with high heralding efficiency for the first time. Choosing an appropriate pump wavelength can compensate for the fabrication errors of micro/nanofiber and also generate narrowband, non-degenerate photon triplet sources with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, the long-period micro/nanofiber grating introduces a new controllable degree of freedom to tailor phase matching, resulting from the periodic oscillation of dispersion. In this scheme, the wavelength of photon triplets can be flexibly tuned using quasi-phase matching. We study the generation of photon triplets from this novel perspective of spectrum engineering, and we believe that this work will accelerate the practical implementation of photon triplets in quantum information processing.

Observation and manipulation of quantum interference in a superconducting Kerr parametric oscillator

Quantum tunneling is the phenomenon that makes superconducting circuits “quantum”. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in using quantum tunneling in phase space of a Kerr parametric oscillator as a resource for quantum information processing. Here, we report a direct observation of quantum interference induced by such tunneling and its dynamics in a planar superconducting circuit through Wigner tomography. We experimentally elucidate all essential properties of this quantum interference, such as mapping from Fock states to cat states, a temporal oscillation due to the pump detuning, as well as its characteristic Rabi oscillations and Ramsey fringes. Finally, we perform gate operations as manipulations of the observed quantum interference. Our findings lay the groundwork for further studies on quantum properties of superconducting Kerr parametric oscillators and their use in quantum information technologies.

Coherence requirements for quantum communication from hybrid circuit dynamics

The coherent superposition of quantum states is an important resource for quantum information processing which distinguishes quantum dynamics and information from their classical counterparts. In this article we determine the coherence requirements to communicate quantum information in a broad setting encompassing monitored quantum dynamics and quantum error correction codes. We determine these requirements by considering hybrid circuits that are generated by a quantum information game played between two opponents, Alice and Eve, who compete by applying unitaries and measurements on a fixed number of qubits. Alice applies unitaries in an attempt to maintain quantum channel capacity, while Eve applies measurements in an attempt to destroy it. By limiting the coherence generating or destroying operations available to each opponent, we determine Alice’s coherence requirements. When Alice plays a random strategy aimed at mimicking generic monitored quantum dynamics, we discover a coherence-tuned phase transitions in entanglement and quantum channel capacity. We then derive a theorem giving the minimum coherence required by Alice in any successful strategy, and conclude by proving that coherence sets an upper bound on the code distance in any stabelizer quantum error correction code. Such bounds provide a rigorous quantification of the coherence resource requirements for quantum communication and error correction.

Entanglement monogamy in indistinguishable particle systems

Recently, it has been realized that indistinguishability is a resource for quantum information processing. A new method to represent the indistinguishable particles by Franco et al. (Sci Rep 6:20603, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20603) and measure the concurrence is developed by Nosrati et al. (npj Quantum Inf 6:39, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-020-0271-7). The monogamy property says that quantum entanglement cannot be shared freely between more than two particles. For three distinguishable particles, the monogamy of entanglement was first expressed as an inequality using squared concurrence where each particle has a single degree of freedom (for pure or mixed states). Using multiple degrees of freedom, similar inequality was shown to be held between two distinguishable particles. However, for two indistinguishable particles, where each particle cannot be addressed individually, the monogamy inequality was shown to be violated maximally for a specific state. Thus a question naturally arises: what happens to the monogamy of entanglement in the case of three or more indistinguishable particles? We prove that monogamy holds in this scenario and the inequality becomes equality for all pure indistinguishable states. Further, we provide three major operational meanings of our result. Finally, we present an experimental schematic using photons to observe our result.

Monogamy relations for bipartite and tripartite entanglement via intracavity spontaneous parametric down-conversion

Quantum entanglement is an important resource for quantum information processing, quantum communication, quantum computation and quantum sensing. Hence, several proposals have focused on the generation and characterization of entanglement. Some of those proposals are based on intracavity nonlinear processes. Here, we investigate bipartite and tripartite continuous variable entanglement generated by three intracavity spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes. In the model, three beams interact with a nonlinear medium inside a resonant cavity, as well as through the nonlinear process, creating three output fields. We use the positive-P phase-space method to analyze this system and to obtain the steady-states solutions. We also calculate the intracavity fluctuation spectra and utilize different continuous-variable entanglement criteria to certify bipartite/tripartite entanglement. Our results show the frequency regime where bipartite and genuine tripartite entanglement are present in the system. For this system, we also analyze the regimes where the monogamy relations hold.

Аpplication of Big Data in laboratory medicine. Russian Journal for Personalized Medicine

The term “big data” (Big Data) refers to data sets, covering the excessive difference in differences between databases in the storage, management and analysis of information. The emergence of big data application algorithms has become the consumption of resources that use resource resources for information processing and computer calculations for the purpose of big data for statistical processing, analysis, forecasting and decision making. In laboratory practice, with a large amount of practical digital information, the use of big data is not currently widespread. The purpose of this work is to conduct a retrospective review of the literature on the use of big data in the field of laboratory medicine in the period 2018–2023. and evaluating the results of practical developments, benefits and achievements associated with big data analytics in the field of laboratory.

Fire Safety Detection Based on CAGSA-YOLO Network

The layout of a city is complex, and indoor spaces have thousands of aspects that make them susceptible to fire. If a fire breaks out, it is difficult to quell, so a fire in the city will cause great harm. However, the traditional fire detection algorithm has a low detection efficiency and high detection rate of small targets, and disasters have occurred during detection. Therefore, this paper proposes a fire safety detection algorithm based on CAGSA-YOLO and constructs a fire safety dataset to integrate common fire safety tools into fire detection, which has a preventive detection effect before a fire occurs. In the improved algorithm, the upsampling in the original YOLOv5 is replaced with the CARAFE module. By adjusting its internal Parameter contrast, the algorithm pays more attention to local regional information and obtains stronger feature maps. Secondly, a new scale detection layer is added to detect objects larger than 4 × 4. Furthermore, the sampling Ghost lightweight design replaces C3 with the C3Ghost module without reducing the mAP. Finally, a lighter SA mechanism is introduced to optimize visual information processing resources. Using the fire safety dataset, the precision, recall, and mAP of the improved model increase to 89.7%, 80.1%, and 85.1%, respectively. At the same time, the size of the improved model is reduced by 0.6 M to 13.8 M, and the Param is reduced from 7.1 M to 6.6 M.

A new model based on improved VGG16 for corn weed identification.

Weeds remain one of the most important factors affecting the yield and quality of corn in modern agricultural production. To use deep convolutional neural networks to accurately, efficiently, and losslessly identify weeds in corn fields, a new corn weed identification model, SE-VGG16, is proposed. The SE-VGG16 model uses VGG16 as the basis and adds the SE attention mechanism to realize that the network automatically focuses on useful parts and allocates limited information processing resources to important parts. Then the 3 × 3 convolutional kernels in the first block are reduced to 1 × 1 convolutional kernels, and the ReLU activation function is replaced by Leaky ReLU to perform feature extraction while dimensionality reduction. Finally, it is replaced by a global average pooling layer for the fully connected layer of VGG16, and the output is performed by softmax. The experimental results verify that the SE-VGG16 model classifies corn weeds superiorly to other classical and advanced multiscale models with an average accuracy of 99.67%, which is more than the 97.75% of the original VGG16 model. Based on the three evaluation indices of precision rate, recall rate, and F1, it was concluded that SE-VGG16 has good robustness, high stability, and a high recognition rate, and the network model can be used to accurately identify weeds in corn fields, which can provide an effective solution for weed control in corn fields in practical applications.

Uncovering the cognitive mechanisms underlying the gaze cueing effect.

The gaze cueing effect is the tendency for people to respond faster to targets appearing at locations gazed at by others, compared with locations gazed away from by others. The effect is robust, widely studied, and is an influential finding within social cognition. Formal evidence accumulation models provide the dominant theoretical account of the cognitive processes underlying speeded decision-making, but they have rarely been applied to social cognition research. In this study, using a combination of individual-level and hierarchical computational modelling techniques, we applied evidence accumulation models to gaze cueing data (three data sets total, N = 171, 139,001 trials) for the first time to assess the relative capacity that an attentional orienting mechanism and information processing mechanisms have for explaining the gaze cueing effect. We found that most participants were best described by the attentional orienting mechanism, such that response times were slower at gazed away from locations because they had to reorient to the target before they could process the cue. However, we found evidence for individual differences, whereby the models suggested that some gaze cueing effects were driven by a short allocation of information processing resources to the gazed at location, allowing for a brief period where orienting and processing could occur in parallel. There was exceptionally little evidence to suggest any sustained reallocation of information processing resources neither at the group nor individual level. We discuss how this individual variability might represent credible individual differences in the cognitive mechanisms that subserve behaviourally observed gaze cueing effects.