Resource For Social Development Research Articles

“Платформа перемен” (Часть вторая)

In the article, the author continues to acquaint the reader with representatives of the IMEMO scientific elite – academicians and corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who lead the most important areas of research at the Institute. Research teams engaged in the development of specific problems are united around them. Academician Aleksey Arbatov, prominent researcher and politician, deputy of the State Duma in 1994–2003, heads the IMEMO Center for International Security, which he has created. Its developments are implemented in real politics, and are also highly appreciated in the national and international expert community. Irina Semenenko, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, heads the Center for Comparative Socio-Economic and Political Studies at the Institute. She is known as a major specialist in the field of comparative political research, a comparative analysis of socio-political changes in the modern world. In the sphere of her professional attention there are tendencies of political transformations in Western countries and Russia. I. Semenenko has priority in developing the theory and methodology for studying identity as a resource for social development. Sergey Afontsev, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, began his career at IMEMO as a laboratory assistant and has come a long way to the position of Deputy Director, Head of the Department of Economic Theory. He is known as one of the most authoritative experts on fundamental and applied economic problems. His professional interests include a wide range of issues: international political economy, economic and political models for analyzing the processes of economic policy formation, managing global economic processes, applied issues of foreign trade and industrial policy, attracting investments and managing economic specialization, Russian-European economic relations. Another major theoretical economist, Rostislav Kapelyushnikov, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, has been fruitfully working at IMEMO for a long time: he is one of the best specialists in Russia in the new institutional economics, the Russian labor market, and methodological problems of economic science. All these specialists are the pride of IMEMO. They largely determine the high rating of the Institute as the most authoritative think tank in Russia in studying the problems of the modern world development.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МОЛОДЁЖНЫХ ПРОБЛЕМ НА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКУЮ СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ В УСЛОВИЯХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИОННЫХ СДВИГОВ

The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of youth problems on socio-political stability in the context of transformational shifts. The author notes that on the one hand new generations have powerful energy and stand as a resource for social development. On the other hand, these generations also contain a destabilizing potential. There are both positional (unemployment, alcoholism, drug addiction) and symbolic problems (political destruction, conflict over values). These problems pose a challenge to the state and society. It would endanger socio-political stability to ignore solutions. The author believes that most of the existing problems can be solved within the framework of the state youth policy and state programs, taking into account socio-political and socio-cultural contexts. In this case, the potential of new generations is realized in the interests of the development of society. As a result, the author draws conclusions about the causes of the problems of new generations, and presents a conceptual understanding of ways to solve the problems of youth in the conditions of transformational shifts. In addition, the author substantiates the pattern of the influence of youth problems on socio-political stability.

Cultural identity as a resource for social development

The purpose of the article is to conceptualize the phenomenon of cultural identity as a resource for social development. The methodology is based on the dialectical interrelationship of the following methods: hermeneutic method – for reveal the essence of the phenomena «cultural code» and «cultural identity»; systematic-structural approach – for comprehending cultural identity as a complex system in its structural correlation; historical-comparative – to determine the transformation algorithm of the phenomenon. The scientific novelty consists in the analysis of cultural identity (individual and group) in the chronotope through the prism of the cultural code and the identification of an invariant basis that ensures the integrity of its structure during external and internal changes. Conclusions. The essence and structure of the cultural code as a moderator of cultural identity are revealed. The interpretation of cultural identity as a resource of social development from the perspective of the I–Another concept was carried out. The semantic transformations of cultural identity in the context of the entry of one culture into the axiosphere of the Another were analyzed. Key words: cultural code, cultural identity, acculturation, a transformation of cultural identity.

Информационные технологии как ресурс общественного развития

Analyzed is the problem of implementing projects in the field of information technologies that can act as resources for social development, as well as catalysts for the digitalization of the economy and the state. The author pays special attention to the study of the impact of information technologies on the quality of life of citizens in Russian cities. The article concludes that timely implementation of projects in the field of information technology, the creation of “Smart city” systems can not only improve the standard of living of the population, but also form new approaches to state government.

Racial inequality and periodontal condition in Brazilian adolescents

Abstract Background Oral health, such as other health conditions, reflects social inequalities. These inequalities are fed back by oral diseases, generating a vicious and sustainable circle. Racial issues play a prominent role, once they are associated with oral diseases as risk markers. Among the different oral diseases, periodontal disease associated with racial inequalities in adolescents is emblematic. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the race differentials associated with the levels of periodontal disease, regardless of other risk factors. Methods Data from the 2010 national epidemiological survey on oral health were used, with 5445 adolescents (15 to 19 years old). Multinomial logistic regression models were used. Dependent variable was the Community Periodontal Index. Independent variable was self-declared race/colour, categorized as white, pardo (mixed-race identity) and preto (black). The effect of race was controlled in the presence of the covariates sex, years of study, decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT index), toothache and self-reported need for dental treatment. Odds Ratio (OR) was estimated and sample weights were considered. Results The simple model showed preto with 2.7 (p < 0.05) and 8 (p < 0.05) times more likely to have shallow and deep periodontal pockets, respectively, compared to white. Pardo was 1.5 (p < 0.05) times more likely to have periodontal calculus. In the multiple model, even in the presence of all independent covariates, preto showed association with shallow pockets (OR = 2.51, p < 0.05) and pardo showed association with the presence of calculus (OR = 1.37, p < 0.05). Conclusions Regardless of sex, education, perception of pain and need for treatment and the DMFT index, race/colour was associated with periodontal problems. It should be noted that skin colour is not a biological risk factor for periodontal disease. However, the findings of this study revealed racial inequities regardless of socioeconomic variables. Key messages Raises the need to guarantee health as a resource for social development, with science having a fundamental role in recovering the citizenship of this historically forgotten population. The findings of this study revealed racial inequities regardless of socioeconomic variables.

The Moscow youth’s resources of successful adaptation to the economic crisis and factors of enhancing their adaptation potential

The article presents the features of the adaptation potential of the urban youth as the most successfully adapting to the crisis group of the Russian population. Based on the results of the secondary analysis of empirical data, the author emphasizes the lack of scientific knowledge about the factors contributing to the successful adaptation of the megapolis youth to the social-economic crisis. The article explains the necessity to use a special methodological approach to the study of adaptation of young people to crisis conditions, which takes into account the complex of resources involved in adaptation and social development. Based on the P.S. Kuznetsov’s complex model of social development resources ensuring successful adaptation of the youth, the author conducted empirical interpretation and operationalization of the notion “youth’s adaptation potential” using seven sets of resources: material, self-preservation, regulatory, reproductive, communicative, cognitive and self-realization. Based on the monitoring of the Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, the author identifies the factors for successful adaptation of the Moscow youth to the economic crisis: high family income; search for additional earnings rather than waiting for help from government and public structures; small cash savings; the indirect impact of the crisis and the high assessment of one’s financial situation; high level of readiness to take material, social and financial risks; stability and security in the workplace, the ability to realize one’s skills; high level of communicative resources; high level of education, a broad outlook and motivation for self-education; value orientations that contribute to an active adaptation strategy; positive attitude to achieving life goals. The article presents some recommendations for decision makers in the field of youth policy aimed at strengthening the adaptive potential of the Moscow youth and successful models of adaptation to crisis conditions in everyday practices.

Modern patterns of development of the communication and informatization sphere

Information and telecommunication services are currently a full-fledged resource for social development compared to traditional resources. The growth of the level of scientific and technological progress has led to the incredibly fast development paces in the sphere of information and communication technologies, which has a significant impact on the development of the economy. On the basis of a thorough analysis of the sectors of information and communication technologies and components of the ICT development index, the article substantiates the need for accelerated digitization of the majority of enterprises of different spheres of economic activity with the aim of qualitative development of Ukrainian economy in order to increase its competitiveness in the world. This is explained by the fact that information and technology represent the main economic resource in the period of formation of information society and digital economy, and enterprises of the sphere of communication and informatization are a catalyst for social and economic development of the country as a whole. Using a methodological toolkit of the theory of systematic and correlation-regression analysis, an economic-mathematical model of the development of the sphere of communication and informatization in the regions of the world and individual countries of the world is constructed. It is based on the existing pattern of leading development of the communications sector, but takes into account the degree of economy dependence on the ICT development, which in some regions and countries is 100%. This is due to the approaching mass availability of ICT services in some countries in these regions. On the basis of the constructed model, the forecasting of GDP PPP per capita was carried out, which showed faster rates of growth of the country’s economy with the growth of the development level of the sphere of communication and informatization and accessibility of telecommunication services. In turn, the availability of telecommunication services is influenced by the digital skills of society and the level of their prices, which has necessitated determining the dependence of GDP PPP per capita on prices for communication services of countries with varying degrees of socio-economic development. This makes it possible to identify reserves for improving the productivity of individuals while increasing the availability of telecommunications services.

ІНСТИТУТИ І ЕКОНОМІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ СТАБІЛЬНОСТІ ТА РОЗВИТКУ СУСПІЛЬСТВА

Institutions, organizations, economic mechanisms and instruments of social stability and development and their comprehensive interconnection and complementarity are considered. It is shown that in Ukraine’s economy such a system operates in the presence of a wide range of restrictions and endogenous and exogenous risks. The importance of economic stability as an important and necessary resource for social development is emphasized. The institutions of stability include: the rule of law, security of property rights, legality and law and order, protection of consumer rights, support for freedom of contract, intellectual property rights and protection of labor rights. Institutions of development are, first of all, development of competition, stimulation of innovations and high technologies, encouragement of business to modernize and re-engineer and security of private investment. Analysis of institutions and analysis of mechanisms are combined. The central importance is attached to the content of the relevant economic mechanisms, the actors who bring these mechanisms into action and the motives (incentives) with which these actors are guided in their activities. The main features of the so-called “mechanism of simulation (illusion) of social development”, typical for many developing countries, are revealed. The theoretical and methodological platform for ensuring a high level of social stability and development priority in Ukraine is substantiated.

An international conference on peace education: What schools can contribute

The welcome address by the president of the Turkish-German Education Foundation and by the mayor of Mannheim highlighted the fact that schools can play a better role in peace education in divided societies. The language of the conference was German but translation into English and Turkish was available. According to the conference website, peace education should highlight all the patterns and structures that stimulate violence at an early stage and transform them into conflict-solving behaviour. In other words, the main purpose of the conference was to identify and analyse what factors actually play an important role in peace education, and to visualise how teachers and parents could contribute to promoting values and different behaviors that might be relevant to peace education. In addition to these elements, the increasing level of cultural diversity at schools as a resource for social development and peacekeeping is and will remain a challenge to integrating societies in different parts of the world. The main reason for organizing this type of conference was therefore to see how the experts who are involved - typically locally or internationally-renowned academics and politicians - see and understand the paradigm of peace education. The conference lasted twodays and was attended by about two hundred participants from across the world including students, school teachers, heads of school, businessmen and academics and individuals from other walks of life.

The communication used as resource for social development

The communication used as resource for social development

Construction of Knowledge Map of the Medical Literature Based on SOM Algorithm

In today's knowledge economy era, knowledge has become an important resource for social development. How to effectively manage knowledge has become the contemporary an important research direction. Medical Literature is the main carrier of medical knowledge, how to make good use of medical literature to become the key to the development of Chinese medicine. Although there are large numbers of medical literature, but penetrates its content to be actually irregular, the literature data lacks has the systematic analysis to make uniform, so that the application value relative reduces largely. Knowledge map as a timely, efficient, and visual knowledge navigation and management tools will be introduced to the medical information service management system, the urgent need to improve the level of medical information, the development of new drugs. In this paper, the use of the SOM algorithm knowledge mapping the pharmaceutical literature, it mainly includes single literature knowledge map generation and extensive literature knowledge map generated. First uses the GHSOM algorithm construction single literature the knowledge map, then by the ESOM algorithm, the single literature knowledge map integration with other knowledge map, finally there will produce the global knowledge map.

Resources for Social Development

Country resources that are accessible technically and administratively and are equally distributed are not being used to their full potential. The paper suggests ways in which public policy and non-commercial activity, when used adequately, can serve to aid in important social and economic development. The paper considers the mobilization of resources through internationally coordinated action, national and local governments, community action, private charity, commercial enterprises, and NGOs. This paper was written as an insight into the work of the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization 2004 that aims to provide a fairer globalization for all.

Resources for Social Development

Considerable additional funds at globally coordinated disposal are recognized as needed to fulfil the social objectives that the world has officially adopted. There are potential routes to obtaining these funds that avoid the political difficulties that ‘donor’ countries commonly experience in attempts to increase their budgeted Overseas Development Assistance. International tax cooperation can also put large additional fiscal resources at the disposal of developing-country governments — at no cost, and indeed positive fiscal advantage, to most of the OECD countries. Some efficient and equitable devices for enhancing local-government finance have yet to be fully exploited in many countries. Community mobilization, appropriately structured, can greatly enhance the amenities and earning power of poor rural and urban people, while also potentially promoting social harmony. Private fortunes constitute a large potential source of development finance, until recently largely untapped, that may be attracted through the new institutions that are coming into being. By means of appropriate incentives, commercial enterprise may have its research and development capacities harnessed to the needs of the world's poor. Non-governmental organizations have shown their capacity for acting as intermediaries in channelling finance effectively and efficiently, from official and unofficial donors and potentially the financial markets, for the development of the small household enterprises of very poor people.

Social Development, Information and Knowledge: Whatever happened to communication?

Cees J. Hamelink reviews the current interest in information societies in the discussions around the World Summit on the Information Society. He argues that the current emphasis on information and knowledge largely bypasses the fundamental question as to whether information and knowledge are primary resources for social development. In doing so he queries the popular myths that fuel the enthusiasm of information and knowledge societies. He warns that we have to be careful not to adopt the dialogical form of communication as the ultimate panacea for development issues.