Analysis Of Resource Efficiency Research Articles

GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ACCOUNTABILITY (Case Study of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights Banten)

ABSTRACT Accountability is a form of accountability of a business owner or an organization to parties who are entitled to obtain and ask for information about business activities or performance in carrying out duties to achieve certain goals. Performance Accountability is the obligation of a government agency in accounting for the success or failure of the implementation of programs and activities. Performance Accountability is intended as from stakeholders to achieve the organization's mission measurably with predetermined performance targets / targets then outlined in government agency performance reports that are prepared periodically. The research method used is a literature review which refers to scientific journal articles as the source of the data. Accountability of government performance at the regional office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights in Banten achieved success in 2022. The success is that the percentage of achievement of the Banten Regional Office performance indicators in 2022 is 110.49%, where there are 55 performance indicators that have succeeded in even exceeding the set target and there are 2 performance indicators. Meanwhile, for the analysis of resource efficiency in terms of performance indicator achievement, the overall average achievement of 58 performance indicators of the Banten Regional Office in 2022 reached 110.49%. This shows that there is an efficient use of resources in achieving performance in 2022, namely with the realization of the budget used in the implementation of performance of 96.88% can produce performance target achievements. Keywords : Accountability, Performance, Banten

Regional differences of individual and allocation efficiencies of health resources in China.

The existing health resources and services are difficult to meet the needs of rapid economic development and the aging population in China. This paper evaluates the regional differences of individual and allocation efficiencies of health resources in China to explore ways to change the current situation. The models of single-input single-output efficiency (SISOE), single-input multi-output efficiency (SIMOE), multi-input single-output efficiency (MISOE), and multi-input multi-output efficiency (MIMOE) were developed to calculate the individual and allocation efficiencies of health resources of China in this study. It was found that the efficiencies of the number of health institutions (NHI) in the eastern and western regions of China were relatively close, with values of 0.61 and 0.59, respectively, significantly higher than 0.49 in the middle region. The efficiencies of the number of health personnel (NHP) in the eastern, middle, and western regions were closer, with values of 0.77, 0.75, and 0.79, respectively. The efficiencies of the number of health institution beds (NHIB) in the eastern and western regions were very close, with values of 0.79 and 0.78, respectively, while that in the middle region was 0.72. The efficiencies of the total health expenditure (THE) were 0.72, 0.76, and 0.79 in the east, middle, and western regions, respectively. The efficiencies of the number of diagnosis and treatment persons (NDTP) were 0.81, 0.70, and 0.71 in the eastern, middle, and western regions, respectively, while the efficiencies of the number of inpatients (NI) were 0.75, 0.79, and 0.81, respectively. The efficiencies of the utilization rate of beds (URB) and the average days of hospitalization (ADH) in the three regions were below 0.51. The health resources allocation efficiencies (HRAEs) were 0.86, 0.83, and 0.87 in the eastern, middle, and western regions, respectively. There were obvious regional differences in HRAE in China with the situation of "Middle Collapse." The main direct reason for the low HRAE in the middle region was the lower efficiencies of NHI, NHIB, URB, and ADH. It revealed that there was relatively blind expansion of health institutions and beds with lower health service quality in the middle region. Governments should make strategic adjustments to public health resources and increase the investment in medical technology and manpower in the middle region. Hospitals in the eastern region should strengthen inter-regional medical and health technical cooperation with partners in the middle region by establishing a tele-medical network. The models of SISOE, SIMOE, MISOE, and MIMOE put forward in this study are simple, reasonable, and useful for resource efficiency analysis, which makes it convenient to adopt targeted measures to upgrade the efficiency of resource allocation. This study provides a new perspective and method to understand the mechanism of regional differences in China's health resource allocation efficiency.

Resource efficiency analysis through planetary boundary-based life cycle assessment: a case study of sugarcane in Pakistan.

Extensive agriculture activities for crop production have led to increasing environmental impacts that threaten to exceed environmentally safe limits. The purpose of this study is to analyze resource efficiency of the agri-food industry, considering the case of sugarcane production in Pakistan. A holistic approach has been applied by determining the relevant impact categories and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and linking them with Planetary Boundary-based Life Cycle Assessment (PB-LCA). Both the spatially generic and spatially resolved approaches were considered with application of different sharing principles. Application of different sharing principles showed high variations in the assigned share of the safe operating space values. When taking a spatially generic approach, most of the impacts (except marine eutrophication and water consumption) were within the safe operating space for equal per capita, economic, caloric, and grandfathering sharing principles. However, all the impacts exceeded their limits considering the agri-land sharing and land use impact surpassed its budget considering the grandfathering sharing. In the spatially resolved approach, most of the impact values surpassed the available budgets. Furthermore, the failure to attain the pertinent SDG targets from a PB-LCA perspective is indicated by the exceeding of safe operating space for relevant impact categories. Overall, the production of sugarcane was found to be unsustainable, requiring urgent action to promote resource improvement and contain the impacts within safe limits. The developed framework enabled the evaluation of the SDGs using PB-LCA at the product level. The target-driven impact reduction values would help in achieving the targets and prioritizing the efforts by making informed decisions for reducing impacts within safe limits. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11367-023-02185-7.

An empirical analysis of resource efficiency and circularity within the agri-food sector of India

Circular economy and resource efficiency concepts are gaining increasing recognition within the scientific community as enablers of sustainability at the sectoral scale. Simultaneously, the agri-food sector of India while being crucial towards the country's economy also displays tremendous potential in positively influencing the timely attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). The present study therefore focused on ascertaining the status of circularity and efficiency within the agri-food sector of India at the state level. The first objective determined decoupling between energy consumption and economic growth for the agriculture sector at the state level. The second objective focused on developing a Composite Agri-Food Efficiency Index (CAFEI) comprising of 38 indicators distributed across environmental, social, economic and governance categories. The last objective estimated the temporal trend (2009–10 to 2018–19) of efficiency at the state level within the Food Processing Industries (FPIs) using the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The decoupling analysis indicated that agricultural economy of four major food producing states was intrinsically linked with electricity consumption for agricultural purposes. While Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana were front-runners in terms of overall CAFEI scores, considerable variations were visible when individual categories were considered. Average of DEA scores indicated Goa to be the most efficient state followed by Himachal Pradesh and Sikkim. A first of its kind assessment, the present study provides evidence for designing policy frameworks focused around circularity. Results also highlight the importance of developing datasets and indicators related to agri-residue management, storage and processing infrastructure as well as sustainable consumption.

Developing circularity, renewability and efficiency indicators for sustainable resource management: Propanol production as a showcase

Resource efficiency analysis is an important tool in the chemical sector to evaluate the performance of new process concepts. However, such analysis does not account for the renewability and circularity of resources. Therefore, a resource efficiency and use analysis, including those two aspects, is proposed in this paper. A renewability indicator and recovery indicator were calculated as a measure for renewability and circularity, respectively. In addition, the resource efficiency was determined at different levels. At the life cycle level, the cumulative exergy extraction of the natural environment method was applied and the cumulative degree of perfection, including waste-as-resources, was calculated. Exergy calculations were used to determine the exergetic efficiency at process chain and plant level and to identify inefficiencies. A new propanol production concept, using biogas (scenario BG), marginal gas (scenario MG) and associated gas (scenario AG), was selected as a case study. Exergetic efficiencies are high at the individual process level (between 90 and 100%). However, the preceding biogas production in scenario BG is inefficient (exergetic efficiency of 12%). The exergetic efficiency at the process chain level amounts to 45–68% due to the high exergy content of the recycling stream and the low conversion of methane into propanol per pass. Scenario AG has the highest cumulative degree of perfection (including waste-as-resources) compared to the other scenarios (28% against 6 and 14% in scenario BG and MG). In contrast, when looking at both renewability, circularity and efficiency, scenario BG is identified as the most promising scenario. Thus, this study shows that it is important to include those three aspects in resource efficiency analysis. Finally, implementing renewable electricity production and heat integration in the process concept may increase the resource efficiency.

Resource Efficiency Analysis of Random Access Parallelization Technique for Cellular IoT Networks

Recently, a random access parallelization (RAP) technique for cellular internet-of-things (IoT) networks was proposed in [1], and RA failure probability was the performance metric of interest. Even though the performance gain in terms of the RA failure probability comes from the sacrifice of the resource efficiency, this point was not well discussed in [1]. We believe that providing supplementary descriptions on the RAP technique from the viewpoint of the resource efficiency is highly required to comprehensively understand for the RAP technique. To this end, in this letter, we newly provide the mathematical analysis on the resource efficiency of the RAP technique and verify its validity through simulations. Finally, we formulate an optimization problem taking the resource efficiency into account and numerically find its solution.

Hybrid neural networks in cyber physical system interface control systems

The calculation and results of simulation of the magnetic control system for the spacecraft momentum are presented in the paper. The simulation includes an assessment of the reliability of calculating the Earth's magnetic field parameters, as well as an assessment of the quality of object stabilization by resetting the total momentum with the aid of the system under review. The outcome of a comparative analysis of resource efficiency and energy efficiency are demonstrated in the implementation of the proposed hardware models of controllers on FPGA. The strengths and weaknesses of the programming models are shown. The developed models will allow to be modified and perform more complex operations in the future.

업종별 자원효율성 분석 및 개선방안

자원수급의 불확실성과 미세먼지, 화학물질 유출 등의 환경오염에 대한 우려로 국내 제조업에 대해 자원의 효율적인 관리와 환경오염을 고려하여 경제발전이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존에 활용되던 환경경제효율성과 자원관리를 위한 선행연구의 한계성, 국가계획인 자원순환기본계획 및 화학물질관리계획을 고려하여 자원효율성을 측정하기 위한 자원생산성, 자원순환성, 환경영향성을 보조지표로 마련하였다. 자원효율성 평가 결과, 비금속광물제품 제조업(C23)이 1910.5로 가장 높았으며, 전자부품, 컴퓨터, 영상, 음향 및 통신장비 제조업(C26)이 84.1, 화학물질 및 화학제품 제조업(C20)이 71.4, 식료품 제조업(C10)이 18.1, 1차 금속제조업이(C24) 2.5 순으로 나타났다. 자원생산성은 C20, C23, C24, 자원순환성은 C20, C24, 환경영향성은 C10, C26이 상대적으로 낮으므로 업종별로 해당 분야에 개선을 위한 시책 및 개선방안이 필요함을 도출하였다.

Energy and Resource efficiency analysis of manufacturing chains by modular process models and simulation

The energy and resource efficient manufacture of consumption and investment products is becoming a competitive advantage and companies are increasingly interested in optimal machine design and process operation.On basis of experimental power and resources consumption analyses, models of manufacturing processes have been developed. Using the discrete events approach for single process modeling, NC code controlled operation and specific parameterization allows for calculating energy and resource consumptions as a function of time. For optimization the resources energy, tool wear, coolant, material removal volume and operation time are considered for single or combined minimization, allowing also for alternative manufacturing strategy analysis.

Sphere: Simulator of edge infrastructures for the optimization of performance and resources energy consumption

Edge computing constitutes a key paradigm to address the new requirements of areas such as smart cars, industry 4.0, and health care, where massive amounts of heterogeneous data from continuous geographically-distributed sources have to be processed and computed near real-time. To this end, new distributed infrastructures consisting on small computing clusters close to data sources, also known as Cloudlets have emerged. In order to evaluate the performance of these solutions we present Sphere, a simulation tool that enables researchers to establish various scenarios, including: (a) topology and orchestration model of the infrastructure; (b) incoming workload patterns; (c) resource-managing models; and (d) scheduling policies. Moreover, Sphere allows researchers to apply efficiency and performance policies both at infrastructure and cluster levels. The simulator presents the following benefits: (a) Evaluation of various orchestration models; (b) Analysis of resource-efficiency and performance strategies at Edge-infrastructure and cluster (Cloudlet/Cloud) level; (c) Execution of diverse workload generation patterns; (d) Evaluation of strategies for the infrastructure communication, as well as the impact on tasks completion time (makespan); and (e) Simulation of each cluster (Cloudlet/Cloud) independently, including resource-managing, scheduling and resource-efficiency models. Finally, we performed a deep evaluation based on realistic Edge-Computing use cases. The results of the experiments confirm that it is a performant and reliable tool for the analysis of orchestration, graph-resolving, energy-efficiency, resource-managing and scheduling strategies in Edge-computing environments.

Resource efficiency analysis of lubricating strategies for machining processes using life cycle assessment methodology

The enhancement of resource efficiency in the manufacturing industry is a major key to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the resource efficiency of metal working processes using different lubrication strategies: flood lubrication (FL) and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a suitable methodology to assess the resource efficiency. In this paper a LCA is carried out for three different materials: aluminium, steel and cast iron. The process related data had been provided by practical measurements on state of the art machines and missing data derived from literature and expert interviews. The used input and output data for the inventory analysis is documented in this paper. In a hotspot analysis using LCA, fourteen impact categories from CML 2001 had been analysed. Finally, parameters with a high influence on the resource efficiency of machining processes were examined.The results of the LCA show that the significant parameters causing high environmental impacts are electricity, compressed air and FL oil. The comparison of the machining processes using FL and MQL technologies reveals that most of the analysed processes have a higher environmental impact using FL instead of MQL. This is mainly due to the high energy consumption for the lubricating pump and also because of the higher consumption of lubricants compared to MQL. Furthermore, the generation of hazardous waste, in form of used oil and used filter fleece also contributes. The MQL-technology requires less electricity and lubrication oil and avoids hazardous waste. However, the results show that the compressed air consumption of MQL is significantly higher compared to FL-related processes.Through this study, new and specific LCA datasets for drilling and milling for three working materials including two lubricating strategies (FL and MQL) are generated for further research.

Process of the Positioning Complex Modeling Objects with Elements of Intellectual Analysis

The calculation and results of simulation of the magnetic control system for the spacecraft momentum are presented in the paper. The simulation includes an assessment of the reliability of calculating the Earth’s magnetic field parameters, as well as an assessment of the quality of object stabilization by resetting the total momentum with the aid of the system under review. The outcome of a comparative analysis of resource efficiency and energy efficiency are demonstrated in the implementation of the proposed hardware models of controllers on FPGA. The calculate is performed on the mechatronic system parameters of realistic situation.

Impact of Destabilizing Factors in the Main Engine Shaft of the Adaptive Speed Controller

In the article questions of stabilization factors of reliability for operation of the ship equipment are considered. The solving research problem aspect and number of similar tasks aimed at increasing the reliability of ship’s power plants (SPP), it is necessary to assess the degree of impact of various factors on the operation of the SPP. The work of the engine with loads is presented. Models and expressions for optimizing the computation process are presented. The outcome of a comparative analysis of resource efficiency and energy efficiency are demonstrated in the implementation of the proposed hardware models on FPGA. The calculate is performed on the maritime parameters of realistic situation.

Resource efficiency analysis for photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of estriol using TiO2 nanoparticles

A resource efficiency analysis was developed that evaluated photocatalyst loading and temperature inputs, and assessed hydroxyl radical (OH) production. Catalyst loading (Aeroxide® TiO2 P25) between 1 and 1500 mg L−1 and temperatures between 5 and 50 °C were analyzed as input resources for OH production. After, the best experimental conditions were used to degrade and mineralize estriol (E3). The analysis showed that a low catalyst concentration lead to poor absorption of radiation and a slow reaction. When high catalyst concentrations were tested, most of the radiation was absorbed, which produced results near the top of the slowing rate of OH generation. Temperature was found a relevant resource for increasing interfacial transfer to facilitate OH production following the Arrhenius model. Two indices to measure resource efficiency were proposed: 1) the OH generation index (OHI) and 2) the initial degradation efficiency (IDE). OHI was used to measure the efficiency of a catalyst using photonic flux to generate OH production. IDE evaluated the relationship between the photocatalytic reactor set-up, catalyst, and E3 degradation. It was observed that 1.18 OH was produced when a photon interacts with a photocatalyst particle when a load of 5 mg L−1 of photocatalyst is used at 20 °C. It was found that at initial time, 2.4 OH was generated in the systems to produce a degradation of one E3 molecule when using a photocatalyst load of 20 mg L−1 at 20 °C. Additionally, it was demonstrated that E3 mineralization was feasible under different catalyst loading scenarios.

Ökobilanzielle Elemente in integrierten Ressourceneffizienzanalysen der chemischen Industrie

This paper highlights specific challenges of applying LCA within an integrated resource efficiency analysis in the chemical industry and gives particular attention to allocation procedures. In a company case different allocation rules were applied. The results pointing in opposite directions clearly show that on the basis of product-related assessment any reliable derivation of resource efficiency potentials is possible. One approach to avoid these problems, are scenarios comparisons on overall system level. If material flow models mapping (non-linear) procedural dependencies realistic, different scenarios can be calculated and compared in economic and ecological revenue and effort changes without allocation and linearization become necessary.

Resource-Efficient Growth In The EU's Sustainable Development – A Comparative Analysis Based On Selected Indicators

This article presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of resource efficiency in the use of natural resources for economic growth consistent with the principles of sustainable development in EU countries. To realize this objective, a review of the literature and EU strategic documents concerning the subject under study is presented. The comparative analysis has been prepared on the basis of international statistical data (Eurostat, EEA) for EU countries from the years 2002–2013. The analysis covers the following indicators: resource productivity, water exploitation index, water productivity, generation of waste, and the landfill and recycling rate. The results show that in general terms the efficiency of resource use in the EU is gradually improving, but only to a small extent. With regard to individual countries this process shows significant diversity, and is closely associated with the level of economic development of a particular country. In some individual countries, this resource efficiency is at a very low level, which is the case with several countries of Eastern and Central Europe.

Analysis of resource efficiency: A production frontier approach

This article integrates the material/energy flow analysis into a production frontier framework to quantify resource efficiency (RE). The emergy content of natural resources instead of their mass content is used to construct aggregate inputs. Using the production frontier approach, aggregate inputs will be optimised relative to given output quantities to derive RE measures. This framework is superior to existing RE indicators currently used in the literature. Using the exergy/emergy content in constructing aggregate material or energy flows overcomes a criticism that mass content cannot be used to capture different quality of differing types of resources. Derived RE measures are both ‘qualitative’ and ‘quantitative’, whereas existing RE indicators are only qualitative. An empirical examination into the RE of 116 economies was undertaken to illustrate the practical applicability of the new framework. The results showed that economies, on average, could reduce the consumption of resources by more than 30% without any reduction in per capita gross domestic product (GDP). This calculation occurred after adjustments for differences in the purchasing power of national currencies. The existence of high variations in RE across economies was found to be positively correlated with participation of people in labour force, population density, urbanisation, and GDP growth over the past five years. The results also showed that economies of a higher income group achieved higher RE, and those economies that are more dependent on imports and primary industries would have lower RE performance.

Consumption‐based Material Flow Accounting

SummaryIn 2007, imports accounted for approximately 34% of the material input (domestic extraction and imports) into the Austrian economy and almost 60% of the GDP stemmed from exports. Upstream material inputs into the production of traded goods, however, are not yet included in the standard framework of material flow accounting (MFA). We have reviewed different approaches accounting for these upstream material inputs, or raw material equivalents (RME), positioning them in a wider debate about consumption‐based perspectives in environmental accounting. For the period 1995–2007, we calculated annual RME of Austria's trade and consumption applying a hybrid approach. For exports and competitive imports, we used an environmentally extended input‐output model of the Austrian economy, based on annual supply and use tables and MFA data. For noncompetitive imports, coefficients for upstream material inputs were extracted from life cycle inventories. The RME of Austria's imports and exports were approximately three times larger than the trade flows themselves. In 2007, Austria's raw material consumption was 30 million tonnes or 15% higher than its domestic material consumption. We discuss the material composition of these flows and their temporal dynamics. Our results demonstrate the need for a consumption‐based perspective in MFA to provide robust indicators for dematerialization and resource efficiency analysis of open economies.

Traffic engineering supported by Inherent Network Management: analysis of resource efficiency and cost saving potential

AbstractFuture Internet, inherent traffic and network management as well as the corresponding business aspects are topics of intensive research activity. The combination of those areas is a main focus of Inherent Network Management (INM) as a management framework based on distributed, self‐organizing and autonomous approaches to address new challenges in a trend towards heterogeneous and dynamic future networking environments. We describe the INM design and behaviors especially with regard to advanced monitoring and fast failure response to enable more flexibility in traffic engineering, in order to improve the control and utilization of bandwidth and other network resources. We analyze a case study on the process of upgrading the links in broadband access networks, as a steadily ongoing planning procedure in operational fixed and mobile networks to keep pace with rapidly growing user demand and Internet traffic. Full mesh topologies are considered as a relevant core network structure that allows for an explicit analytical comparison of the resource and cost efficiency with and without optimized load balancing. The results indicate that flexible path design with INM support can increase the admissible throughput or, vice versa, reduce part of the over‐provisioning of routing and transmission capacity with corresponding savings in capital expenditure as well as for operational expenditure due to reduced energy consumption. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.