Resonant Magnetoelectric Voltage Research Articles

Enhanced self-biased magnetoelectric response in novel distributed disc structure Ni/PZT composite

This article proposes a novel magnetoelectric (ME) composite configuration referred to as the Distributed Disc Structured (DDS) configuration. Ni/PZT ME composites have been fabricated using the press-fit technique, wherein the number of PZT discs have been sequentially increased to prepare 2-disc, 4-disc and 6-disc DDS configurations. The increase in the number of disc leads to an increase as well as a more uniform distribution of the inherent compressive prestress in the magnetostrictive phase which in turn leads to a significant enhancement in the self-biased and the overall ME behavior of the composite. A remarkable enhancement in the quasi-static and resonant ME voltage output is obtained from the proposed DDS configurations as compared to the conventional disc/ring configuration. Magnetostriction measurements have been conducted to validate the effect of the compressive prestress on the improvement in the ME response.

Theory of magnetic force driven magnetoelectric effect in piezo-bimorph/ferrite cantilever composite

A theoretical model is proposed for the frequency response of the magnetic force driven (MFD) magnetoelectric (ME) effect in a piezo-bimorph/ferrite cantilever based on the elastodynamics method, which agrees well with the experimental results for Pb(Zr, Ti)O3-bimorph/Mn–Zn-ferrite cantilever composites. Based on the theoretical model, the dependences of the resonant ME voltage coefficient on geometrical and material parameters of the piezo-bimorph/ferrite cantilever composite are numerically calculated. The results show that an optimum resonant ME effect can be achieved by adjusting the structural and material parameters in the piezo-bimorph/ferrite cantilever composite. This research lays a theoretical basis for understanding the resonant ME effect in the piezo-bimorph/ferrite composite and optimal design of the MFD-ME device based on this configuration.

Correction to: Field-Orientation-Dependent Dynamic Strain Induced Anisotropic Magnetoelectric Responses in Bi-layered Ferrite/Piezoelectric Composites

Anisotropic magnetoelectric (ME) responses in bi-layered composites consisting of ferrites and polycrystalline/crystalline piezoelectrics were investigated by changing the applied DC magnetic field orientations, and origins for such effects were clarified by the competition between the dynamic piezomagnetic strain and the dynamic electro-mechanical strain from individual piezomagnetic/piezoelectric subsystems. Experimental results showed that maximum resonance ME voltage coefficient (MEVC) of 133.8.3 V/cm Oe under HDC = 23Oe can be obtained at θ = 0° for PMN-PT/NZFO laminate while one reached 115.3 V/cm Oe at higher field of 98Oe for θ = 75°. As rotation angle θ is varied from 0° to 360°, the HDC-orientation-dependent ME couplings were mainly determined by the dynamic piezomagnetic strain, and the dynamic piezoelectric coefficient versus θ profile can essentially track the MEVC versus θ profile. In addition, we found that the MEVC for PMN-PT/NZFO laminate is approximately twice as high as that of the PZT-8/NZFO laminate due to the stronger electro-mechanical strain of PMN-PT plates, Solid evidence was proved for the HDC-orientation-dependent ME coupling of the rectangle composite that is free of the influences of anisotropic crystalline orientation in PMN-PT plate. These findings open up a research pathway to move forward in this field and provide potential applications in vector angle sensors.

Field-Orientation-Dependent Dynamic Strain Induced Anisotropic Magnetoelectric Responses in Bi-layered Ferrite/Piezoelectric Composites

Anisotropic magnetoelectric (ME) responses in bi-layered composites consisting of ferrites and polycrystalline/crystalline piezoelectrics were investigated by changing the applied DC magnetic field orientations, and origins for such effects were clarified by the competition between the dynamic piezomagnetic strain and the dynamic electro-mechanical strain from individual piezomagnetic/piezoelectric subsystems. Experimental results showed that maximum resonance ME voltage coefficient (MEVC) of 133.8.3 V/cm Oe under HDC = 23Oe can be obtained at θ = 0° for PMN-PT/NZFO laminate while one reached 115.3 V/cm Oe at higher field of 98Oe for θ = 75°. As rotation angle θ is varied from 0° to 360°, the HDC-orientation-dependent ME couplings were mainly determined by the dynamic piezomagnetic strain, and the dynamic piezoelectric coefficient versus θ profile can essentially track the MEVC versus θ profile. In addition, we found that the MEVC for PMN-PT/NZFO laminate is approximately twice as high as that of the PZT-8/NZFO laminate due to the stronger electro-mechanical strain of PMN-PT plates, Solid evidence was proved for the HDC-orientation-dependent ME coupling of the rectangle composite that is free of the influences of anisotropic crystalline orientation in PMN-PT plate. These findings open up a research pathway to move forward in this field and provide potential applications in vector angle sensors.

Face-shear 36-mode magnetoelectric composites with piezoelectric single crystal and Metglas laminate

A magnetoelectric (ME) composite is designed with a face-shear 36-mode PMN-PZT single crystal and a Metglas laminate structure to enhance the ME coupling properties and exhibit single resonance behavior over a wide-frequency range. The off resonance and resonance ME voltage coefficients of the designed-composite are high, and approximately 90% similar to those of the 32-mode. While the 32-mode has multiple resonance, the electromechanical and magnetoelectric resonance spectra of the 36-mode composite exhibit only a single resonance over a wide-frequency range from 50 to 200 kHz making it suitable for detecting specific frequency magnetic fields. In addition, it is highly sensitive, being able to detect a magnetic field down to 2 pT at resonance (103 kHz), and therefore has potential to replace conventional bulky and costly magnetic field sensors.

Giant zero-biased flexible magnetoelectric laminate composites for wearable magnetic sensor

Flexible magnetoelectric (ME) laminate composites consist of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and nanocrystalline alloy (FeCuNbSiB) were prepared. The ME coupling properties under different bending angle (θ) at zero dc bias magnetic field (Hdc) were investigated. The experimental results demonstrate the optimum zero-biased resonant ME voltage coefficient (MEVC) of ME laminate composites can reach 17.65 V/(cm·Oe). This is mainly due to the large permeability and low saturation magnetostrictive coefficient of the nanocrystalline alloy. The induced zero-biased ME voltages of ME laminate composites show an excellent linear relationship to ac magnetic field at bending states over a wide range. This laminate composite shows promising applications for high-sensitivity and small-size wearable magnetic sensors without bias.

Layer thickness and sequence effects on resonant magnetoelectric coupling in Ni/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 cylindrical composites

Ni/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Ni, Ni/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Ni cylindrical layered magnetoelectric (ME) composites with different Ni layer thickness were prepared by electrodeposition. The resonant ME effect was studied in both axial and vertical modes. The optimal DC magnetic field increases with Ni layer thickness and resonant ME voltage coefficients are maximum at intermediate Ni layer thickness for all cases. The resonant ME effect is also influenced by magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layer sequence. The Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Ni cylinder has the best ME performance because of the highest axial ME voltage coefficient, almost highest vertical ME voltage coefficient and lowest optimal DC magnetic field in both modes. This work provides guidance to optimize ME performance in cylindrical layered ME composites.

Magnetoelectric Coupling Characteristics of Multiphase Laminate Heterostructures Based on FeCuNbSiB Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Alloy

Over the last decade, multiferroic laminate heterostructures, consisting of the piezoelectric layer (such as PZT) and the magnetostrictive layer (such as Terfenol-D), have attracted considerable attention due to their high Curie or Neel temperature and large magnetoelectric (ME) effect at room temperature. The ME laminate materials have demonstrated potential in many applications such as transducers, actuators, magnetic field sensors, energy harvesters, and other devices [1]. ME effect in the multiferroic laminated heterostructures is essentially attributed to the elastic coupling between the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive layers [2]. The effective piezomagnetic coefficient and effective mechanical quality factor play a key role in the performance of the ME materials. However, owing to the small values of the mechanical quality factor and relative permeability, the ME voltage coefficient of the traditional Terfenol-D/PZT (MP) composites is difficult to increase [3, 4]. The nanocrystalline FeCuNbSiB soft magnetic alloy would be a good solution, according to the large interface stress-strain coupling effects. In this paper, a series of FeCuNbSiB/Terfenol-D/PZT (F/M/P) multi-phase laminate heterostructures are presented (Fig. 1), whose ME coupling characteristics have been investigated. Compared to traditional MPM, the ME coupling characteristics of the proposed FMPMF heterostructures were significantly improved. The resonant and low-frequency ME voltage coefficient of the proposed F/M/P heterostructures could be tuned by controlling the layer numbers N. When N is 7 (FMPMPMF), the maximum value of resonant ME voltage coefficient achieves 8.69 V/Oe, which is about 3.65 times higher than that for FMP, 1.81 times higher than that for FMPMF (Fig. 2(a)). Meanwhile, the maximum value of low-frequency ME voltage coefficient for FMPMPMF heterostructures achieves 69.6 mV/Oe at H b =378 Oe (Fig. 2(b)). Remarkably, it indicates that the F/M/P heterostructures have great potential as far as its application in highly sensitive dc magnetic field sensing and vibration energy harvesting.

Zero-Biased Magnetoelectric Effects in Five-Phase Laminate Composites With FeCoV Soft Magnetic Alloy

Magnetoelectric (ME) response has attracted continuously increasing interest in the past decades due to its potential applications in many new multifunctional devices, including magnetic storage, magnetic sensors, current sensors, and energy harvesters.[1] In general, single-phase ME materials are difficult to be utilized in such devices because the ME responses are weak and mostly appear at low temperature. Compared to single-phase ME materials, Magnetoelectric composites consisting of piezoelectric materials (e.g., PZT and PMN-PT) and magnetostrictive materials (e.g., Terfenol-D and Metglas) exhibit strong ME responses at room temperature, and meet the demands of practical application. However, in order to obtain high piezomagnetic coefficient and ME response, most of the reported ME composites require an external bias magnetic field (H bias ) that increases their sizes and costs.[2] To overcome these limitations, more and more researchers have focused on zero-biased ME effects in the composites. Recently, some studies have attempted to achieve high zero-biasd ME response with different methods. For example, Mandal et al. have reported that ME composite of PZT and graded NZFO show an enhancement in the ME coefficient at zero bias. [3]Yang et al. demonstrated a methodology for achieving zero-biased ME response by changing the electrical connections in a sandwiched ME structure of NKNLS-NZF/Ni/NKNLS-NZF. These methods are difficult to realize and require special synthesis process. In fact, utilizing an internal magnetic bias of the magnetostrictive materials in ME composite is a feasible way to solve thisproblem. In this paper, a new zero-biased five-phase laminate composite consists of FeCoV/Terfenol-D/Pb(Zr 1 - x , Ti x )O 3 (PZT)/Terfenol-D/FeCoV (FMPMF) is presented, whose magnetoelectric (ME) coupling characteristics have been investigated. Due to the different magnetic characteristics between FeCoV and Terfenol-D (such as permeability, saturation magnetization and magnetostriction), an internal magnetic field is formed in the compound magnetostrictive layers. It is found that the resonant ME voltage coefficient of five-phase laminate composite is much larger than that of traditional Terfe-nol-D/PZT/Terfenol-D (MPM) laminate composite at zero bias. The experimental results show that the zero-biased resonant ME voltage coefficient strongly depends on the thickness of FeCoV layers as shown in Fig.1. When the thickness of FeCoV layers is 90μm, we obtain the optimum resonant ME voltage cofficient of 1.96 V/Oe at the zero magnetic bias field, which is 1.75 times as great as that of MPM laminate composite. Furthermore, a low-frequency ME voltage coefficient of 50.4 mV/Oe is achieved, which is 2.1 times higher than that of the MPM laminate composite. Meanwhile, the induced zero-bias ME voltage of FMPMF laminate composite shows an excellent linear relationship to ac magnetic field both at the low frequency (1kHz) and the resonant frequency (115.14kHz) as shown in Fig.2. It indicates that the proposed zero-biased five-phase laminate composite shows promising applications for high sensitive dc magnetic field sensors, zero-biased ME transducers and small-size energy harvesters.

Self-biased magnetoelectric coupling characteristics of three-phase composite transducers with nanocrystallin soft magnetic alloy

This paper reports the self-biased magnetoelectric (ME) effects in composites consisting of high-permeability Fe-based nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 (FeCuNbSiB), pure nickel (Ni) and piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The FeCuNbSiB ribbons are fabricated on traditional laminates Ni/PZT/Ni through two modes: the attached mode (F–NPN–F) and the laminated mode (F/NPN/F). The F–NPN–F composite sufficiently reveals that the high-permeability FeCuNbSiB ribbons concentrate more magnetic flux in magnetostrictive Ni, which results in the self-biased ME effects of F–NPN–F. For the F/NPN/F composite, the FeCuNbSiB acts as the dynamic driver to enhance the effective piezomagnetic coefficient of Ni. The giant self-biased ME effects of F/NPN/F are because of the internal magnetic field between Ni and FeCuNbSiB due to their different magnetic characteristics. The influences of the numbers of FeCuNbSiB layers (L) on the resonant ME voltage coefficients (α ME,r ) for F–NPN–F and F/NPN/F composites are investigated in detail. The experiments demonstrate that the maximum α ME,r at zero-biased field is 80 V/cm Oe for F–NPN–F with L = 2, and 85 V/cm Oe for F/NPN/F with L = 4. This paper demonstrates that these two ME composites are suitable for achieving zero-biased ME transducers, power-free magnetic field sensors and energy harvesters.

Equivalent circuit method for resonant magnetoelectric effect in disk-shaped laminated composites

A theoretical model based on equivalent circuit analytical method has been presented for the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in disk-shaped laminated composites. The derived expressions for the ME voltage coefficient can be used to describe the frequency response of ME effect under both open circuit and finite electrical resistance load conditions. It was shown that the resonance frequency and resonant ME voltage coefficient increase with the increase in electrical resistance load in disk-shaped ME laminated composite, which is consistent with the observations for plate-shaped one. The theoretical results show good agreement with the experimental results in Tb 0.3 Dy 0.7 Fe 1.92 (Terfenol-D)/Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT)/Terfenol-D disk-shaped sandwich laminated composite. This work is significant for designing ME devices and their signal-processing and electronic circuits.

Self-biased magnetoelectric responses in magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composites with different high-permeability alloys

We comparatively investigate the influence of various high-permeability alloys on the hysteretic and remanent resonant magnetoelectric (ME) response in a composite of magnetostrictive nickel (Ni) and piezoelectric Pb(Zr1−x, Tix)O3 (PZT). In order to implement this comparative research, Co-based amorphous alloy (CoSiB), Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy (FeCuNbSiB) and Fe-based amorphous alloy (FeSiB) are used according to different magnetostriction (λs) and saturation magnetization (μ0Ms) characteristics. The bending and longitudinal resonant ME voltage coefficients (αME,b and αME,l) are observed comparatively for CoSiB/Ni/PZT, FeCuNbSiB/Ni/PZT, and FeSiB/Ni/PZT composites. The experimental data indicate that the FeSiB/Ni/PZT composite has the largest remanent self-biased αME,b and αME,l due to the largest magnetic grading of λs and μ0Ms in the FeSiB/Ni layer. When the number of FeSiB foils is four, the maximum remanent αME,b and αME,l at zero bias magnetic field are 57.8 V/cm·Oe and 107.6 V/cm·Oe, respectively. It is recommended that the high-permeability alloy is supposed to have larger λs and μ0Ms for obtaining a larger remanent self-biased ME responses in ME composite with high-permeability alloy.

Theoretical analyses of nonlinear magnetoelectric response in self-biased magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminated composites

A novel nonlinear theoretical model including eddy-current effect and demagnetization effect is presented for predicting magnetoelectric (ME) response in self-biased magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composites with the magnetization-graded ferromagnetic materials. The model is developed based on the nonlinear constitutive relationships of magnetostrictive material, motion equation for the composite plate, and ME equivalent circuit method. In this theoretical model, the equivalent magnetic charge theory is used for analyzing the influence of magnetostrictive material FeCuNbSiB on the effective magnetic field inside the Terfenol-D and the non-zero piezomagnetic coefficient at zero bias, in which the interface coupling parameter £ and the magnetic field dependence of mechanical quality factor are taken into consideration. The theoretical results indicate that the variation of ME voltage coefficients with applied dc magnetic field are in good agreement with the experimental results both under low and resonant frequency conditions. It confirms the validity and reliability of the obtained nonlinear theoretical model. Furthermore, self-biased effect and the difference between the low frequency and resonant ME voltage coefficient with Hdc are discussed in details. The theoretical model plays an important role in the comprehensive understandings of dynamic ME response properties for self-biased laminate composites and the designing and fabricating ME devices.

Magnetoelectric coupling characteristics of five-phase laminate composite transducers based on nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy

A five-phase laminate composite transducer based on nanocrystalline soft magnetic FeCuNbSiB alloy is presented, whose magnetoelectric (ME) coupling characteristics have been investigated. It is found that the resonant ME voltage coefficient of FeCuNbSiB/Terfenol-D/Pb(Zr1-x,Tix)O3 (PZT)/Terfenol-D/FeCuNbSiB (FMPMF) five-phase transducer is much larger than that of traditional Terfenol-D/PZT/Terfenol-D (MPM) transducer, resulting from the enhancement of the effective mechanical quality factor and effective piezomagnetic coefficient of the transducers. Appropriate FeCuNbSiB layer thickness is propitious to the resonant and low-frequency ME coupling characteristics. The maximum resonant ME voltage coefficient achieves 4.81 V/Oe with FeCuNbSiB layer thickness is 60 μm under the DC bias magnetic field Hb = 77 Oe, which is 1.48 times as great as that of traditional MPM transducer. In addition, the maximum ME voltage coefficient at low frequency is 51.2 mV/Oe under the DC bias magnetic field Hb = 442 Oe, which is 1.26 times as great as that of traditional MPM transducer. It indicates that the mentioned five-phase laminate composite transducers have great potential for the application of highly sensitive dc magnetic field sensing and vibration energy harvesting.

Theory of frequency response of magnetoelectric effects in radially polarized thin cylindrical composites

A theoretical model for the frequency response of magnetoelectric (ME) effect in thin cylindrical piezoelectric-magnetostrictive composites is presented by using constitutive and elastodynamic equations. The calculated results show that there is a resonant enhancement peak of ME voltage coefficient in the electromechanical resonance region and the ME voltage coefficient at resonance frequency exceeds that at low frequency by one or two orders of magnitude. The resonance frequency is predicted to increase with decreasing average diameter D$ \bar{D}$ and increasing thickness of magnetostrictive layer t M of the cylindrical composite, which is in good agreement with the experimental results reported in literatures. The corresponding resonance ME voltage coefficient increases with increasing t M , but reaches to a peak value and then decreases with increasing D$ \bar{D}$. It is indicated that the ME effect of trilayered cylindrical composite is less than that of bilayered one, possibly due to its symmetric structure. Under clamped condition, the resonance frequency will shift to a very high value for both trilayered and bilayered cylindrical composites, while the ME effect has different performance, enhanced in bilayered but suppressed in trilayered cylindrical composite. Our model shows that one can obtain strong ME effect and proper resonance frequency by selecting suitable materials, optimizing its geometry structure and varying mechanical boundary conditions for the cylindrical composite structure

Investigation of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric multilayer composite with a giant zero-biased magnetoelectric effect

In this paper, we investigate the resonance magnetoelectric (ME) effect in the middle supported multilayer composites consisting of high-permeability Fe-based nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 (FeCuNbSiB), Nickel (Ni), and piezoelectric Pb(Zr1−x Ti x )O3 (PZT). The coupling effect between positive magnetostrictive FeCuNbSiB and negative magnetostrictive Ni results in the build-in magnetic bias due to their different magnetic permeability and coercivity. As a result, a giant resonance ME voltage coefficient (α ME,r ) at zero DC magnetic bias field (H dc) and multi-peaks of α ME,r for FeCuNbSiB/Ni/PZT/Ni/FeCuNbSiB composite are observed. The experimental results show that the giant zero-biased α ME,r strongly depends on the thickness of FeCuNbSiB ribbon. The maximum zero-biased α ME,r is up to 86 V/cm Oe for FeCuNbSiB/Ni/PZT/Ni/FeCuNbSiB with four-layer FeCuNbSiB ribbons, which is ∼500 times higher than that of the previously reported NKNLS-NZF/Ni/NKNLS-NZF trilayer composite. Compared with the peak α ME,r and the optimum H dc of Ni/PZT/Ni composite, the largest peak α ME,r of FeCuNbSiB/Ni/PZT/Ni/FeCuNbSiB composite with four-layer FeCuNbSiB ribbons increases ∼185 %, and the optimum H dc decreases ∼300 Oe, respectively. Based on the nonlinear magnetostrictive constitutive relation and the magnetoelectric equivalent circuit, a theoretical model of α ME,r versus H dc is built under free boundary conditions. Calculated zero-biased α ME,r and α ME,r versus H dc are in good agreement with the experimental data. This laminate composite shows promising applications for high-sensitivity power-free magnetic field sensors, zero-biased ME transducers and small-size energy harvesters.

Resonance magnetoelectric couplings of piezoelectric ceramic and ferromagnetic constant-elasticity alloy composites with different layer structures

The piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) and ferromagnetic constant-elasticity alloy (FeNi-FACE) laminated composites with different layer structures are prepared and the magnetoelectric (ME) properties are investigated. The results show that the resonance ME voltage coefficient increases and the optimum dc magnetic field bias (Hdc,opti) moves steadily toward a higher value with the increased number of layers. The maximum value of resonance ME voltage coefficient for seven-layer structure of PZT/FeNi-FACE composite achieves 7.214V/Oe, which is about 4.57 times higher than that for bilayer composite, 2.4 times higher than that for trilayer composite, and 1.18 times higher than that for five-layer composite. In addition, the resonance frequency increases nearly linearly with the number of layers. Theoretical estimate of the ME voltage coefficient and resonance frequency follows the tendency showed by the experimental data. This study plays a guiding role for ME composites design in real applications.

Highly zero-biased magnetoelectric response in magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite

The magnetoelectric (ME) coupling is investigated in laminated composites employing piezoelectric ceramic PZT (PZT-8), iron-nickel-based ferromagnetic alloy with constant elasticity (FeNi-FACE), and soft magnetic amorphous ribbon FeCuNbSiB (Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9). The two different ferromagnetic materials of FeNi-FACE and FeCuNbSiB result in built-in dc magnetic bias (Hdc) due to difference in their magnetic permeability and coercivity. In addition, the relatively high mechanical quality factors (Qm) for FeNi-FACE, PZT-8, and FeCuNbSiB enhance the resonant ME voltage due to an increased effective Qm of ME composite. Hence, a strong resonant ME response at zero-biased dc magnetic field can be obtained. The corresponding ME voltage coefficients (MEVC) at resonance for PZT/FeNi-FACE/FeCuNbSiB (FeFP) composite and FeCuNbSiB/FeNi-FACE/PZT/FeNi-FACE/FeCuNbSiB (FeFPFFe) composites achieve 2.19 V/Oe (27.375 V/cm Oe) and 3.37 V/Oe (42.125 V/cm Oe), respectively, which is ∼102 times higher than that of the previously reported NKNLS-NZF/Ni/NKNLS-NZF trilayer composite.

High sensitivity magnetic sensor consisting of ferromagnetic alloy, piezoelectric ceramic and high-permeability FeCuNbSiB

A high sensitivity magnetoelectric (ME) composite sensor employing a type of ferromagnetic constant-elasticity alloy (FeNi-FACE), piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT-8H) and high-permeability FeCuNbSiB (Fe 73.5Cu 1Nb 3Si 13.5B 9) is developed. The FeCuNbSiB ribbon with the high permeability serves as the dynamic driver to increase the effective piezomagnetic coefficient d 33 of the FeNi-FACE. At the same time, the FeCuNbSiB/FeNi-FACE/PZT-8H/FeNi-FACE/FeCuNbSiB (FeFPFFe) composite sensor exhibits a higher effective mechanical quality factor ( Q m), which is ∼7.7 times higher than that of Terfenol-D/PZT-8H/Terfenol-D (MPM) sensor. As the ME voltage at resonance is directly proportional to the product of piezomagnetic coefficient and Q m, a stronger ME effect can be achieved. The experimental results show that the resonance ME voltage coefficient (MEVC) of the FeFPFFe sensor at H dc = 119 Oe achieves 4.367 V/Oe, which is ∼1.41 times higher than that of FeNi-FACE/PZT-8H/FeNi-FACE (FPF) sensor. Furthermore, ∂ V ME / ∂ H dc for the FeFPFFe sensor achieves ∼22.5 m V/Oe at H dc = 31 Oe under resonant drive conditions of H ac = 0.1 Oe, which is ∼20 times higher than that of the previous reported Terfenol-D/Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3/Terfenol-D composite transducer. Thus the FeFPFFe sensor has highly sensitive ac or dc magnetic field sensing.

Enhanced magnetoelectric effects in laminate composites ofTerfenol-D/Pb(Zr, TiO)3 with high-permeability FeCuNbSiB ribbon

The enhancement of resonant magnetoelectric (ME) effectsis reported in the structure consisting of a piezoelectric PZT(Pb(Zr1 − xTix)O3) plate, a magnetostrictiveTerfenol-D (Tb1 − xDyxFe2 − y) plate, and multiple high-permeability FeCuNbSiB(Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9) ribbon plates. The FeCuNbSiB ribbon acts as the dynamic driver to increase the effectivepiezomagnetic coefficient of the Terfenol-D and enhances the effective mechanical quality factor (Qm) of the laminateowing to its high Qm, consequently resulting in the increase of the dynamic strain coefficient of Terfenol-D andthe resonant ME voltage coefficient (MEVC). The experimental results show that theTerfenol-D/PZT/FeCuNbSiB (MPF) composite with double-layer FeCuNbSiB ribbons canachieve a higher resonant MEVC than that with single-layer or other multilayer ribbons,which is 2–3 times as high as that of the Terfenol-D/PZT(MP) composite under a lowHdc. In addition, the ME voltage strongly depends onHdc, the maximumvalue of dVME/dHdc achieves 125.9 mV Oe − 1. The MPF laminate has potential for highly sensitive dc magnetic field sensing.