Resolution Planning Research Articles

Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa SMA Kelas XI Pada Materi Lingkaran

This research aims to describe the stages of student problem solving based on the Polya stages in circle material. Based on these objectives, this research is included in descriptive qualitative research. Data collection was carried out on class XI students at SMA Negeri 2 Semarang selected using purposive sampling. The subjects chosen in this research were 6 students, consisting of two students with low initial abilities, two students with medium initial abilities, and two students with high initial abilities. The data used was verified using source triangulation. The results of this research show: 1) S-5 and S-6 subjects with low initial abilities were able to understand the problem, were less able to prepare a resolution plan, were less able to carry out the resolution plan, and were less able to re-examine. 2) S3 and S-4 subjects with moderate initial abilities were able to understand the problem even though S-3 subjects had not written down what was asked in the problem, were able to prepare a solution plan, were less able to carry out the solution plan, and were less able to recheck. 3) S-1 and S-2 subjects with high initial abilities are able to understand the problem, less able to prepare a resolution plan, less able to carry out the resolution plan, and less able to re-examine.

CoC Dharma (Role of Committee of Creditors-IBC, 2016)

The Committee of Creditors (CoC) has been authorized under the IBC, similar to the Board of Directors, to make decisions concerning the corporate debtor, throughout the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP). As an integral part of this authorizing Code, the Adjudicating Authority, when initiating the CIRP for a company, designates a Resolution Professional, who oversees and implements all decision-making processes during the CIRP and thus administers the CIRP of the company. Within this authority, a significant aspect is the power of the CoC to review and subsequently approve a resolution plan pertaining to a company (As per sections 30 and 31 of the Code). This authorization is contingent upon the ultimate approval of the resolution plan by the respective Adjudicating Authority (Section 31 of the Code). During the Code's implementation, the Adjudicating Authority, followed by the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal and the Supreme Court of India, have consistently emphasized the “commercial wisdom” of the CoC in determining the subsequent steps for the corporate debtor thereby facilitating the resolution of the corporate debtor.

Cross-Border Bank Resolutions and its Challenges

Abstract This article comprehends a very selective analysis of some aspects deemed of extreme relevance to ensure effective cross-border resolution strategies, dealing with global systemically important banks G-SIBS, and also involving financial institutions with no systemic dimension but which operate in multiple jurisdictions. It is discussed, namely, the fact that G-SIBS, as Credit Suisse, and other multi-jurisdictional groups, highlight critical issues of resolution planning when dealing with several jurisdictions. Secondly, this analysis also highlights particular problems in implementing cross-border resolution strategies to be applied to some banking sub-sectors, namely as regards the case study of cooperative banks, which are an important part of the European financial landscape. Thirdly, the article briefly addresses some critical issues of bail-in when dealing with private actors from different jurisdictions. This overall analysis starts from a critical discussion of the financial turmoil of March 2023, debating if this might have affected the relevance and credibility of resolution regimes.

The failure of a global systemically important bank – Lessons for crisis management and resolution

Abstract The Credit Suisse (CS) failure in March 2023 was the first time that the crisis management and resolution framework put in place after the global financial crisis (GFC) was faced with a serious test. Long-standing problems with management, organisation and culture had led to a gradual erosion of confidence and eventually depositor flight. Despite advance planning for resolution in close cooperation with their foreign counterparts, the Swiss authorities chose not to execute their resolution plan for CS. Instead, the Swiss government issued emergency regulations to facilitate a takeover of Credit Suisse by UBS. The approach that was chosen departed from the pre-ordained one, but it addressed the bank’s failure in a manner that maintained financial stability and prevented contagion. The episode taught important lessons about the implementation of international resolution standards.

The Role of the Minsk Group in the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: Current Crisis and the Importance of Preserving the Existing Mediation Format

OSCE Minsk Group has been the main mediating body to deal with the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict since 1992. For around 30 years the three Co-Chairs of the Minsk Group- Russia, USA and France, have been productively cooperating on the matter. Minsk Group was believed to be an exclusive forum where the Western and Russian conflicting interests did not hinder the Minsk Group’s mission to provide ways to solve the conflict. However, since the February 2022 Russian-Ukrainian war the cooperation between these countries within the Minsk Group has been largely paralyzed. Unfortunately, this coincided with the aftermath of Nagorno-Karabakh 44-day war in 2020, constant border skirmishes and Azerbaijani aggression and invasion into sovereign territory of the Republic of Armenia. The more internal struggles the Minsk Group experiences, the more regional security suffers. Different actors come up with individual efforts trying to establish themselves as the main mediators between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Under such circumstances there are no balancing mechanisms to restrain the mediating sides from advancing mutually contradicting initiatives which stem from their interests. Hence, this article advocates the importance of the role of the Minsk Group as a body uniting the main mediating actors at the same time being the only body that has the mandate to mediate on issues relating to Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The article analyzes all the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict resolution plans proposed by the Minsk Group Co-Chairs, the Minsk Group activities during the 2016 and 2020 wars, the stalemate in the negotiations after the 2018 “Velvet revolution” in Armenia as well as the current crisis within the Minsk Group and the importance of preserving the Minsk Group as the main mediating body in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI BAGI PENYUSUNAN RENCANA RESOLUSI KONFLIK DI TAMAN WISATA PERAIRAN (TWP) PULAU PIEH

The difference in fishing gear between traditional and modern fishermen triggers conflicts; for the sustainability of the Pieh Island Marine Tourism Park (TWP) area, efforts are needed to prepare an efficient conflict resolution plan by considering relevant data and information. The study aims to identify conflicts in the Pieh Island TWP area, identify data and information needs to develop conflict resolution, analyze the availability of management data in the Pieh Island TWP, and provide recommendations for data and information collection. The research was conducted in the form of field observations and structured interviews through several questions that have been systematically prepared, as well as focus group discussions (FGDs) with the managers of the Work Unit (Satker) who are directly responsible to the Pekanbaru National Marine Protected Area Workshop (LKKPN Pekanbaru) as the Technical Implementation Unit of the TWP National Marine Protected Area Pieh Island. The results of the study are qualitative and quantitative data through descriptive and comparative methods in the form of identification of the type/nature of conflict in TWP, data and information needed in the preparation of conflict resolution, data and information that is already available and that must be collected, the ability of managers to support technically but financially need additional funds, and appropriate conflict resolution as well as some descriptions of recommendations for collecting data and information in TWP.
 Keywords: information needs, management plan, conflict resolution.

The Dairy Meltdown

The case highlights the bankruptcy case of Kwality Limited, a significant Indian dairy company. Haldiram Snacks submitted a final bid of ₹1.45 billion to the Committee of Creditors for Kwality Limited, which is currently undergoing bankruptcy proceedings LiveMint (2019). This bid, a slight increase from their earlier rejected bid of ₹1.42 billion, has raised concerns due to its inadequate coverage of the company’s substantial outstanding debt of ₹19 billion Despite extensions, Haldiram Snacks remains the sole bidder, presenting a resolution plan under the Indian Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (2016). The bankruptcy process was initiated in 2018 by financial creditors KKR India Financial and Punjab National Bank. The bid’s insufficiency, covering less than 10% of the debt, prompts reflections on overlooked warning signs and preventive strategies for the future. The larger context of the Indian dairy industry is provided, highlighting significant production and consumption figures, the growing organized dairy sector and the demand for value-added products. Kwality’s growth and expanding farmer network are briefly touched upon. The case overviews Kwality Limited’s bankruptcy, Haldiram Snacks’ bid, the company’s history and performance, and the broader Indian dairy industry landscape. It underlines the bid’s shortfall in comparison to the outstanding debt and raises pertinent questions about the company’s downfall and preventive measures moving forward.

Your skin or mine: Ensuring the viability of a central counterparty

Through their clearing and settlement activity, central counterparties (CCP) ensure the stability of the financial system. They operate a multilevel guarantee system containing the initial margin requirements, the default fund contributions, and their own contribution, referred to as skin-in-the-game (SITG). Using a Monte-Carlo simulation method-based framework, the study examines how the value of SITG changes in different guarantee system settings, specifically through the implementation of a merged, separated, or partially separated guarantee system for interconnected markets. The primary objective is to quantify the minimum amount of SITG necessary for a CCP to protect non-defaulting members or to prevent the execution of the CCP's recovery and resolution plan. The findings indicate that a partially separated guarantee system is the most beneficial option for most stakeholders.

The resolution plan for insurers in France: Being prepared in case of a failure

The failure of an insurer may affect policyholders as well as the broader economy. This explains why a resolution regime is useful, with the objective of making it feasible to maintain vital economic functions and activities, which are needed, without disruption and without exposing taxpayers to loss. The resolution regime is a core element of the policy measures adopted by the G20 in the wake of the global financial crisis and applies to banks in most countries, with France being one of the first EU member states to adopt a regime for the recovery and resolution of insurance undertakings. The work undertaken to prepare resolution plans consists of first identifying the functions deemed to be critical which should be maintained. For the resolution to be effective, this work needs to be complemented with analysis of the level of separability of these critical functions from the rest of the undertaking or group, as this is necessary to ensure operational continuity in the event that a resolution action is applied. The next step consists of specifying resolution strategies that could be applied to groups or bodies performing critical functions, in accordance with different possible crisis scenarios and taking into account different resolution tools used separately or in combination. Based on these elements, Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution has adopted the first resolution plan for 13 insurers, but this needs to be complemented by additional analyses and additional information in order to cover all the topics needed to operationalise resolution strategies and ensure the resolvability of undertakings.

An uncertainty-based risk management framework for climate change risk

AbstractClimate risks are systemic risks and may be clustered according to so-called volatilities, uncertainties, complexities, and ambiguities (VUCA) criteria. We analyze climate risk in the VUCA concept and provide a framework that allows to interpret systemic risks as model risk. As climate risks are characterized by deep uncertainties (unknown unknowns), we argue that precautionary and resilient principles should be applied instead of capital-based risk measures (reasonable for known unknows). A prominent example of the proposed principles is the precommitment approach (PCA). Within the PCA, subjective probabilities allow to discriminate between tolerable risks and acceptable ones. The amount of determined solvency capital for acceptable risks and estimations of model risk may be aggregated by means of a multiplier approach. This framework is in line with the three-pillar approach of Solvency II, especially with the recovery and resolution plan. Furthermore, it fits smoothly to a hybrid approach of micro- and macroprudential supervision.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA PADA MATERI BILANGAN BULAT DITINJAU DARI ADVERSITY QUOTIENT

This study aims to describe the stages of student problem solving based on the Polya stages in terms of adversity quotient on integer material. Based on these objectives, this research is descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected from grade VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Karanganom who were selected by purposive sampling. The subjects selected in this study were 3 students, consisting of 1 student who was type AQ quitter, 1 student who was type AQ campers, and 1 student who typed AQ climbers. Data collection techniques used were AQ questionnaire, tests, interviews, and completed with documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, display data, and conclusion drawing/verification. The validity of the data used was technical triangulation. In this study, the QSR Nvivo software was used to help process and analyze research data. The results in this study indicate: 1) The quitters subject can understand the problem, is less able to prepare a resolution plan, is less able to solve problems according to the plan, and is less able to re-examine the results that have been obtained. 2) The campers subject can understand problems, able to plan resolution, able to solve problems, and less able to re-examine the results that have been obtained. 3) The climbers' subject was able to understand the problem, was able to plan the solution, was able to solve the problem according to the plan, and was able to re-examine the results that had been obtained

Community and Company Conflict in Motoduto Village, Boliyohuto Sub-District, Gorontalo District

This study aims to find out how the conflict that occurred between the community and the company, PT. Tri Jaya Tangguh, occurred in Motoduto Village, Boliyohuto District, Gorontalo Regency. The problem faced is community and company conflict, which was triggered by environmental pollution due to industrial wastewater that was channeled directly into the river and flowed into neighboring villages. The liquid waste discharged into the river creates a pungent smell; the color is brownish, and the odor from the waste disturbs the community around the company. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results showed that the conflict that occurred between the community and the company was triggered by environmental pollution due to industrial wastewater that was channeled into the river and created a pungent, brown odor. The smell from the sewage disturbs community activities in the study location. Besides that, a conflict resolution plan has been designed in which the company provides compensation in the form of an amount of money to the community; however, this compensation is considered by the community to have not been able to resolve the problems at the study site. The conflict that is happening at this time raises the determinants of conflict that do not get a solution. Until the end of this study, the problems at the study location had not found a meeting point.

Medication histories to identify medication-related problems through the pharmacists' patient care process in a simulated ambulatory care laboratory

Background and purposeAssessment of the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process (PPCP) in pharmacy curricula has been reported in a variety of contexts, but results have not described individual student performance in a controlled ambulatory care skills laboratory to purposefully identify medication-related problems (MRP) and develop plans for resolution. Educational activity and settingOne of five MRPs was embedded within standardized medication profiles to facilitate student completion of three graded ambulatory care medication history encounters in a third-year skills laboratory. Data analysis included student performance in aggregate and according to MRP type from the first to the third medication history encounter. FindingsOne hundred thirty-six students completed three medication histories for 408 encounters. Regardless of MRP, the total and subscale scores for adjusted marginal means were significantly higher in Sessions 2 and 3. Performance on MRP scenarios for drug interactions and adverse effects were significantly lower and higher, respectively. Successful collection of patient history significantly influenced marginal mean scores for respective MRPs. SummaryImprovement in student application of PPCP Steps 1 through 3 may be evident using three simulated ambulatory care medication history patient encounters toward the end of the third professional year, with potential influences by MRP type, MRP repetition, and adequate collection of patient history. Repetition with individualized grading and formative feedback are essential for skill development to identify MRPs in this setting. Confirmation of findings and extension into experiential education with higher complexity are needed to develop consistent and effective application of the PPCP to patient care.

Resolution planning framework constraints: An analysis based on the Sberbank Europe AG resolution case

The paper aims to assess the effectiveness of the resolution planning framework based on the example of the Sberbank Europe AG case. This case is noteworthy, as it was the only one to date involving a banking group that was undergoing a resolution situation and that was, before this event, already fully subject to SRB's resolution planning standards. Furthermore, in this situation, the authorities decided on a resolution strategy materially different to the one prepared as part of the resolution planning. Thus, the paper focuses specifically on the effectiveness of the resolution planning measures that had to be implemented under this very different resolution situation. The paper does not aim for an assessment of the general effectiveness of the whole resolution framework in this case (such as effects on financial stability). However, the paper includes an analysis on potential improvement potentials in the framework in order to support the resolution planning efforts to contribute more significantly to the authorities' decisions and actions in a resolution situation. It thus aims at strengthening the planning efforts for the benefit of both the authorities (in case of a resolution event), as well institutions by allowing them to better align the resolution planning with their general crisis management efforts. This paper is thus addressed to actors active in the resolution planning area both in the industry as well as the authorities.

A Drone Operation Plan model to support the effect of uncertainty in advanced U-Space Capacity Planning Process

Enabling high numbers of drone operations in urban environments will require an efficient and highly automated drone traffic management system that can help balance demand against novel capacity measures. The research project DACUS designed a new, social impact-and risk-based Dynamic Capacity Management (DCM) service. As a core element, Drone Operation Plans (DOP) as the central and reliable point-of-information must include all necessary information for the DCM service to evaluate and manage the demand and the associated uncertainty of those operations at various phases of the operations planning process.This paper introduces a model to define and share DOPs that are enriched with information about technical capabilities of the drone, variations in the operating environment and the operational characteristics of each particular mission which helps facilitating the drone traffic management in capacity-constrained scenarios. The model aims to capture varying degrees and sources of uncertainty regarding the planned operations. Additionally, the model supports the integration of resolution plans to cope with a wide range of off-nominal scenarios and contingency events.For evaluation, the proposed DOP model is implemented and used in experiments embedded in Sopra Steria’s UTM or U-space Collaborative Interface System (UCIS). A social impact model and a collision risk model are used in simulations with high traffic demand and the information of the DOPs is either updated or directly applied within the DCM processes. The influence of operational uncertainty is assessed in this work using the collision risk model, which evaluates the risk of drone operations to the public and identifies potential collision risk hotspots.The simulation results show that the DOP model is suitable for the requirements of several U-space services and functions.

Environmentally sustainable computationally spectrophotometric resolution strategy for analysis single-tablet regimens of antihypertension with overlapped spectra

Single tablet regimens (STRs) for hypertension suppression improve patient satisfaction, quality of life, medication and adherence compared to multi-tablet regimens (MTRs). Development of simple cost effective and at the same time green an ecofriendly method for analysis and resolution of multicomponent and complex mixtures is an increasingly important issue in the field of pharmaceutical industry in general and analytical chemistry in specific. Thus, the presented research deals with two main goals, the first one is concerned with developing and applying a fully validated resolution plan using numerical data of signals on manipulated spectra for successive extraction of parent spectra of drugs in single-tablet Regimens (STRs) used in antihypertensive treatment. The STRs contains three drugs with deconvoluted spectra, Atenolol (ATL), Amiloride (AMD) and Chlortalidone (CLN). The resolution plan encompasses two simple and affordable spectrophotometric methods employing resolving spectra either normalized spectrum (NS) or factorized spectrum (FS) which acts as a master key for unlocking the overlapped spectra of ternary mixture with no need for any preliminary physical separation, sample pretreatment or pH adjustment. These two main methods namely, dual amplitude difference (DAD) and derivative ratio transformation (DDT). The presented approaches required a simple spectrophotometer with its built-in program using primitive mathematical operations to restore the parent spectrum for individually drug cited in the mixture understudy. The proposed methods validity was checked and evaluated through the ICH guidelines and displayed linearity within concentration range 4.0-40.0μg/mL for ATL, 3.0-20.0μg/mL for both AMD and CLN. While the specificity evaluation was performed via assaying the three drugs accurately and precisely in their synthetic mixtures and in their STRs. Generally, these methods could be recruited for the fast and effective analysis and determination of the purity index for AMD, CLN and ATL in bulk materials and available market formulation, Teklo ® tablets.The second main goal of the research was the evaluation of the methods greenness and whiteness where the applied UV-methods and the reported HPLC one had significantly different greenness scores when compared using three metrics: the Green Certificate Classification (GCC), the Complex Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex-GAPI), and the Analytical Greenness metric approach (AGREE).Also, the whiteness scores, which reflected the degree of the achieved sustainability for the HPLC reported technique and the produced UV ones were done by using the ideologies of the white analytical chemistry (WAC) tool. All the differences between the four aforementioned metrics are discussed in this study.

Deskripsi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Ditinjau Dari Tingkat Kecerdasan Logis Matematis

This research includes qualitative research, which discusses students' problem solving abilities in terms of the level of logical mathematical intelligence that is still very limited. This study aims to describe and determine the factors that influence students' mathematical problem solving abilities in terms of the level of mathematical logical intelligence in comparative material. This research was conducted in class VIII.2 UPTD SMPN 1 Parepare. Collecting data using research instruments in the form of test sheets and interview guidelines. The analysis of problem solving abilities produced in this study is indicated to be able to meet the indicators of problem solving abilities and indicators of mathematical logical intelligence. The subjects in this study were 3 people based on the results of the answer sheets, namely 1 student with a high level of logical mathematical intelligence, 1 student with a moderate level of mathematical logical intelligence and 1 student with a low level of mathematical logical intelligence. The results of the study show that students with a high level of logical mathematical intelligence are able to understand problems, are able to formulate resolution plans, are able to carry out problem solving and are able to re-examine solutions, students with moderate levels of logical mathematical intelligence are able to understand problems but are not complete, are able to develop plans for completion, are able to carry out the settlement, able to re-examine but lacking in drawing conclusions, subjects with low levels of logical mathematical intelligence have not been able to apply every indicator of problem solving ability. And the factors that affect problem solving ability in terms of logical mathematical intelligence level are students who are less careful in solving problems and the lack of teachers in providing varied or non-routine examples of questions.

Georgia

In response to a request from the National Bank of Georgia (NBG), the Monetary and Capital Markets Department (MCM) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) conducted a Technical Assistance (TA) mission during September 5–16, 2022 as follow-up to the mission that took place during March 17–April 20, 2022. The first mission provided initial assistance to the authorities in operationalizing the new bank recovery and resolution framework, building on the recommendations from the 2021 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). This second mission deepened that assistance by providing further guidance on, among others, (i) the architecture of the resolution framework; including triggers, resolvability assessments, and resolution planning; (ii) the operationalization of key resolution tools (notably, by reviewing playbooks for the sale of business and bridge banks tools); (iii) data requirements for undertaking the valuations necessary to support resolution; (iv) resolution funding options; and (v) interagency coordination and communications. Moreover, the mission discussed potential impediments (and associated mitigants) to effective resolution and reviewed the NBG’s progress with the implementation of the recommendations on early intervention, the Interagency Financial Stability Committee, and other topics that were covered by the first mission.

MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY IN VIEW OF LEARNING STYLES

Problem solving ability is very important in mathematics education, because problem solving ability is one of the goals in learning mathematics. The ability to solve mathematical problems is influenced by various factors, including the various student learning styles. This study aims to describe students' mathematical problem solving abilities in terms of learning styles. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects used were 8 semester 1 students, 6 students were taken with the following details, namely 2 students with a visual learning style, 2 students with an audiotorial learning style, and 2 students with a kinesthetic learning style. Data collection techniques used learning style questionnaires, problem solving ability tests, and interviews. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show a description of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in terms of learning styles as follows: (1) visual students can understand the problem well, devise an appropriate solution plan, carry out the plan correctly, and re-check the answers that have been made. (2) auditory students can understand the problem well, develop appropriate resolution plans, carry out plans correctly, but do not carry out the stage of re-checking answers. (3) auditory students can understand the problem well, have not been able to write a settlement plan correctly, are less able to carry out the steps of the settlement plan, and re-check the answers that have been done.

Georgia

In response to a request from the National Bank of Georgia (NBG), the Monetary and Capital Markets Department (MCM) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) conducted a Technical Assistance (TA) mission between March 17 and April 20, 2022, which sought to support the operationalization of the bank recovery and resolution framework, building on recommendations from the 2021 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) for Georgia. In collaboration with the authorities, the mission identified several priority actions, including (i) reinforcing the NBG’s internal procedures for reviewing banks’ recovery plans; (ii) strengthening its resolution function and developing playbooks for the main resolution tools; (iii) clarifying the current crisis management escalation process; (iv) revising the credit hierarchy; (vi) introducing bank-specific targets for loss-absorbing capacity; (vii) performing a stock taking of contractual clauses in banks’ current subordinated and senior debt issuances; and (viii) undertaking further efforts to advance resolution planning.