Resolution Of Obesity Research Articles

COVID-19 Infection Post-Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Background: COVID-19 caused the suspension of elective surgeries in several hospitals around the world, in an attempt to help contain the spread of the virus. However, a safe resumption of such surgeries is warranted to reduce further burden on patients. It is important to understand when, how and where to resume elective surgeries, as published data suggested that peri-operative COVID-19 infection incurred an increased risk of morbidity and mortality to surgical patients. Case Report: A 25-year-old patient presented for fever 5 days post Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 using a PCR test. The patient was managed at home with symptomatic therapy. No life-threatening complications were reported during or after his infection. Conclusion: Based on available data, our literature review regarding peri-operative COVID-19 complications, bariatric surgeons have to balance between the risk of undergoing an elective surgery like metabolic bariatric surgeries and the risk of postponing this procedure and thus delaying the resolution of obesity along with its comorbidities.

Econutrition, brown and beige fat tissue and obesity.

Obesity is caused by excessive fat accumulation or abnormal fat distribution and has become one of the biggest health challenges worldwide. Considering the high thermogenic ability of brown fat tissue (BAT) and the plasticity of fat tissue, to induce the browning of white fat tissue (WAT), so increasing BAT activity provides an attractive option for the prevention and resolution of obesity. The aim of the present narrative review was to understand the relationship between diet, BAT, and obesity. PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Although cold exposure has long been known to be effective in the browning of WAT and activation of BAT, it is societally impractical for everyday body weight management aside from the tolerance of ambient temperature. An alternative is to identify specific dietary components with similar effects to cold exposure on BAT. Current evidence indicates that capsaicin and capsinoids, catechins, curcumin, quercetin, berberine, lipoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, royal jelly, and some natural sweeteners are effective promoters of WAT browning, increase BAT activity and improve obesity related traits. However, only capsaicin, capsinoids, and catechins have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. Evidence for effects of curcumin, quercetin, berberine, lipoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, royal jelly and natural sweeteners on BAT have only been observed in animal or in vitro studies, with clinical trials awaited for verification. Several dietary components can induce WAT browning and activate BAT, offering potential targets for obesity prevention and management.

A 9years comparison of weight loss, disappearance of obesity, and resolution of diabetes mellitus with biliointestinal bypass and with adjustable gastric banding: experience of a collaborative network.

Long-term comparisons between bariatric surgical techniques have been performed for gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) vs gastric banding (LAGB), but short-term studies (6months-4years) have only compared biliointestinal bypass (BIBP) and LAGB. The participating institutions regularly perform both BIBP and LAGB with a common protocol, and the aim of this retrospective study was to compare long-term effects of the two procedures on body weight, on clinical and metabolic variables, and on resolution of obesity and of diabetes. All procedures performed between 01/01/1998 and 31/12/2005 were considered; 73 out of 91 patients undergoing BIBP, and 154 out of 249 patients undergoing LAGB were evaluable up to 9years. BIBP was significantly more effective than LAGB in terms of weight loss and of resolution of obesity (BMI < 30kg/m2), in terms of decrease of systolic blood pressure and of serum cholesterol, and similar in terms of resolution of diabetes. In addition, the effect of BIBP was stable, while the effect of LAGB decreased with time. Both BIBP and LAGB exert long-term effects on body weight, on blood pressure, and on resolution of diabetes mellitus; the effect of BIBP is significantly greater than the effect of LAGB in terms of weight loss, resolution of obesity, of control of systolic blood pressure and of serum cholesterol, but not in terms of resolution of diabetes.

Obesity-induced reduction of adipose eosinophils is reversed with low-calorie dietary intervention.

While many studies have characterized the inflammatory disposition of adipose tissue (AT) during obesity, far fewer have dissected how such inflammation resolves during the process of physiological weight loss. In addition, new immune cells, such as the eosinophil, have been discovered as part of the AT immune cell repertoire. We have therefore characterized how AT eosinophils, associated eosinophilic inflammation, and remodeling processes, fluctuate during a dietary intervention in obese mice. Similar to previous reports, we found that obesity induced by high‐fat diet feeding reduced the AT eosinophil content. However, upon switching obese mice to a low fat diet, AT eosinophils were restored to lean levels as mice reached the body weight of controls. The rise in AT eosinophils during dietary weight loss was accompanied by reduced macrophage content and inflammatory expression, upregulated tissue remodeling factors, and a more uniformly distributed AT vascular network. Additionally, we show that eosinophils of another metabolically relevant tissue, the liver, did not oscillate with either dietary weight gain or weight loss. This study shows that eosinophil content is differentially regulated among tissues during the onset and resolution of obesity. Furthermore, AT eosinophils correlated with AT remodeling processes during weight loss and thus may play a role in reestablishing AT homeostasis.

MOBILE GROCERY: URBAN FOOD WAYS AND URBANIZATION

The paper aims to consider relationship between urban food ways and Mobile Grocery. By investigate literature review and critical thinking to analyze relationships. There are four major groups of literature were reviewed, there were; 1) Sociology group by studying Mobile Grocery as part of the product from social structure. 2) Economics group by considering Mobile Grocery as a new way of demand and supply balancing in order to reflect the new form of consuming or market. 3) Culture groups by recognizing Mobile Grocery as part of the way of urban food 4) Public health group by concerning a mobile grocery as a part of health care problem which needed to be treat both of technical Health Sciences and policy perspectives. In health care perspective, the prevention of chronic disease by strengthening healthy lifestyles had been highlighted. Conversely, in the food arena, the prevention of chronic disease by focusing on obesity resolution. Unfortunately, the public health aspect was limited in Thai’s law. The standard of clean food remained mystery and the regulations for controlling mobile grocery have been legislated but not yet effective.

Gastric Plication Improves Glycemia Partly by Restoring the Altered Expression of Aquaglyceroporins in Adipose Tissue and the Liver in Obese Rats.

Gastric plication is a minimally invasive bariatric surgical procedure, where the greater curvature is plicated inside the gastric lumen. Our aims were to analyze the effectiveness of gastric plication on the resolution of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and fatty liver in an experimental model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and to evaluate changes in glycerol metabolism, a key substrate for adiposity and gluconeogenesis, in adipose tissue and the liver. Male Wistar DIO rats (n=58) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and gastric plication) or dietary interventions [fed a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) or pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by gastric-plicated animals]. The expression of aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) in epididymal (EWAT) and subcutaneous (SCWAT) fat and the liver was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot. Gastric plication did not result in a significant weight loss in DIO rats, showing a modest reduction in whole-body adiposity and hepatic steatosis. However, gastric-plicated animals exhibited an improvement in basal glycemia and glucose clearance, without changes in hepatic gluconeogenic genes. DIO was associated with an increase in glycerol, higher AQP3 and AQP7 in EWAT and SCWAT, and a decrease in hepatic AQP9. Gastric plication downregulated AQP3 in both fat depots without changes in adipose AQP7 and hepatic AQP9. Gastric plication results in a modest reduction in adiposity and hepatosteatosis but restores glycemia by downregulating AQP3, which entails lower efflux of glycerol from fat, lower plasma glycerol availability, and a reduced use of glycerol as a substrate for hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Renaissance of acromegaly after bariatric surgery

Dear Sir,The discouraging results provided by dietary andbehavioural treatments, and the virtually non-existent drugtreatments, have led to an exponential increase in use ofsurgery to treat obesity [1]. An increased prevalence ofobesity has also been reported in patients with acromegaly,a rare and severe systemic disease caused by a growthhormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma, compared tothe general population [2]. In obesity, GH responses to awide variety of GH secretion stimulators, as well as 24 hspontaneous GH release are decreased, making difficultacromegaly follow-up. Moreover, insulin-like growth fac-tor-1 (IGF-1), which mediates some of the metabolicactions of GH, is reported to be decreased in obesity andnegatively correlated to visceral fat [3]. To the best of ourknowledge, we report the first case of a patient withacromegaly who underwent bariatric surgery and wedescribe the biochemical effects associated with the reso-lution of obesity and its comorbidities.A 55-year-old Caucasian woman with acromegaly wasreferred to our Obesity Unit in January 2006. Her historyincluded a long condition of morbid obesity since child-hood, with gradual increase of weight from her secondpregnancy, holding a weight in recent years around 115 kg.She had undergone a selective trans-sphenoidal removal ofa pituitary adenoma of 2.3 cm with suprasellar extension,impingement of the optic chiasm, and invasion of the leftcavernous sinus at age 35. Postoperatively, she was undertreatment first with bromocriptine and after with somatos-tatine-analogues at stable doses (lanreotide 90 mg oncemonthly). However, her serum IGF-1 values remainedabove the adjusted normal range.Her medical history revealed type 2 diabetes (T2D)treated with metformin and insulin without achievingadequate metabolic control, hypertension started onangiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with normaliza-tion of blood pressure, and sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS)requiring nasal continuous positive airway pressure(nCPAP) mask. In addition, the patient had been treated fordegenerative arthritis of the knees, and bilateral carpaltunnel compression syndrome had been surgically resolvedfew years before. The familial medical history was other-wise unremarkable.Clinical examination showed a female patient withtypical clinical signs of acromegaly, including coarse facialfeatures and enlargement of her hands and feet. Her weight,height and body mass index (BMI) were 106.3 kg, 142.0 cmand 52.5 kg/m

Gastric Bypass and Diabetes: Past, Present and Future

Owing to the pathogenic role of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes, the clinical manifestation of this disease is extremely complex and is often associated with obesity. In recent years, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, which was originally developed to treat morbid obesity, has been found to have therapeutic potential for diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic application of this technique are not fully known. This review describes the technique of RYGB, including the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure. The advantages include metabolic improvement, obesity resolution, and reduction in morbidity. The disadvantages include short-term perioperative complications and long-term nutritional disorders. Finally, we provide a review of the possible underlying mechanisms leading to the resolution of type 2 diabetes symptoms after the RYGB procedure. While some complications are found after RYGB, there have also been reports showing a remarkable decrease in mortality, successful weight loss, and resolution of type 2 diabetes. The actual mechanism leading to diabetes resolution remains unknown. Gastric bypass surgery is certainly an effective method to increase remission rate in a subgroup of type 2 diabetes patients with morbid obesity.

Overt Glucocorticoid Excess Due to Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy

Inhaled corticosteroids have become an important therapeutic option in the treatment of childhood asthma. The preparations currently available for pediatric use (beclomethasone dipropionate and triamcinolone acetonide) do not, in general, cause significant hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression and physical signs of glucocorticoid excess have not been described with their use. We report an 8-year-old girl with asthma in whom obesity, hirsutism, and growth retardation developed during treatment with inhaled triamcinolone acetonide alone. Laboratory studies showed suppression of endogenous cortisol production but did not demonstrate suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Cessation of inhaled triamcinolone acetonide therapy resulted in resolution of obesity and hirsutism, resumption of normal growth, and a return to normal of serum cortisol levels and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion. Careful monitoring of growth velocity and (if clinically indicated) morning serum cortisol levels in asthmatic children using inhaled corticosteroids will detect the rare instance of glucocorticoid excess resulting from systemic absorption of these drugs.