Ohm Resistance Research Articles

Extremal values on the Kirchhoff index of the line graph of trees

The computation of resistance distance and the Kirchhoff index is a classical problem that has been extensively investigated by numerous mathematicians, physicists, and scientists. Consider a simple connected graph G with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). If we replace each edge of G with a resistor of 1 ohm resistance, we create an electrical network N; in that case, the distance between any two nodes between network N is called resistance distance. The Kirchhoff index is a mathematical term that quantifies the complexity of a graph; it is defined as the total resistance distance among each pair of vertices in G. The line graph LG is constructed from G by swapping out the edges for vertices; in LG, if two vertices share endpoints in G, then they are connected in LG. In this study, extremal values for the Kirchhoff index of the line graph of trees are calculated. Further, we will also calculate the Kirchhoff index for the line graph of some special trees and establish the relationship between them.

Halide solid-state electrolyte achieving high ionic conductivity by engineering nanocrystals

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technologies utilize liquid electrolytes, which can cause safety issues due to electrolyte leakage, uncontrolled side reactions between the liquid electrolyte and electrode, dendrite formation, and flammability of the liquid components with air. These problems can be minimized using solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) containing the functionality of an electrolyte. Our research discovery meets the urgent requirement of developing rapid ionic conductive solid-state electrolytes for lithium metal battery applications, emphasizing safe operation and high energy density. The breakthrough lies in the functionalization and tunability of monoclinic doped Li3InCl6-based solid electrolytes to achieve desirable structural and high ionic conductivity (> 0.15 S cm−1). We report four formulations of solid-state electrolytes obtained using modified sol–gel synthesis and used to assemble symmetrical half cells for electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analyses in the frequency ranging from 10–2 to 106 Hz under five different temperatures (15–55 °C). The EIS data of non-doped, F-, Ce-, and Mo-doped electrolytes showed R1 (solid-electrolyte) ranging from 0.05 to 0.10 Ohm and R2 (interfacial) resistance varying from 0.05 to 1.25 Ohm, resulting in superionic conductivity (0.15–0.45 S cm−1), equivalent to the commercially available liquid electrolyte and evidenced two magnitudes increase compared to the published data.Graphical abstract

Analisis Nilai Pentanahan di Auditorium Kampus 2 UKI Toraja

The grounding system aims to secure electrical equipment and humans. This study was located around the Auditorium area of UKI Toraja Campus 2 which does not yet have a grounding system. One of the factors to get a small grounding value is the location of the electrode to be planted and to determine the resistance value, measurement is needed. Data analysis consists of calculating the depth of the electrode and several grounding points, with the method that will be carried out in this grounding is grounding the rod with 3 measurements. In this measurement, the depth is 30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm. With a minimum and maximum resistance value of 30 cm, respectively 3.85 Ohm and 57.10 Ohm, the minimum and maximum resistance value of 60 cm is 2.35 Ohm and 34.52 Ohm, respectively, the minimum and maximum resistance value of 90 cm depth. also 1.69 Ohms and 24.07 Ohms. The value of ground resistance that meets PUIL 2011 standards at the Auditorium Campus 2 UKI Toraja for a depth of 30 cm is found at 2 points, a depth of 60 cm has 6 points and a depth of 90 cm has 10 points.

Development of a Novel Bronchodilator Vaping Drug Delivery System Based on Thermal Degradation Properties.

This work aims to investigate bronchodilator delivery with the use of different vaping drug delivery systems (VDDS) by determining the dose equivalence delivered in relation to different references: a clinical jet nebulizer, a pMDI (pressurized metered dose inhaler) and a DPI (dry powder inhaler). Three different bronchodilators were used (terbutaline, salbutamol hemisulfate, ipratropium bromide). The e-liquids contained the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in powder form. Two different VDDS were tested (JUUL and a GS AIR 2 atomizer paired with a variable lithium-ion battery (i-stick TC 40 W), 1.5 ohm resistance, and 15 W power). Samples were collected using a glass twin impinger (GTI). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the drugs. A next-generation impactor (NGI) was used to measure the particle size distribution. Terbutaline emerged as the optimal API for bronchodilator delivery in both VDDS devices. It achieved the delivery of a respirable dose of 20.05 ± 4.2 µg/puff for GS AIR 2 and 2.98 ± 0.52 µg/puff for JUUL. With these delivered doses, it is possible to achieve a dose equivalence similar to that of a jet nebulizer and DPI, all while maintaining a reasonable duration, particularly with the GS AIR 2. This study is the first to provide evidence that vaping bronchodilators work only with appropriate formulation, vaping technology, and specific drugs, depending on their thermal degradation properties.

Battery leakage fault diagnosis based on multi-modality multi-classifier fusion decision algorithm

With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry and the overall number of electric vehicles, the thermal runaway problem of lithium-ion batteries has become a major obstacle to the promotion of electric vehicles. During actual usage, the battery leakage problem leads to the degradation of the system performance, which may cause arcing, external short circuit or even thermal runaway. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the internal mechanism of electrolyte leakage phenomenon and design the corresponding fault diagnosis algorithm. This work tests the disassembled leaking battery module of the practical vehicle. The incremental capacity analysis of the charging process indicated that the battery had capacity loss, and the voltage signal trend analysis of the discharging process found that the leaking battery had higher voltage difference slope. The detection results based on the electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) test corroborate the anomaly internal impedance of the battery. Moreover, an incremental capacity bar graph analysis method based on cloud data is designed and the ohm resistance is calculated by a simplified subspace identification algorithm. On this basis, the threshold alarm information is incorporated to form a feature matrix, and a machine learning fault diagnosis algorithm based on multi-modality multi-classifier fusion decision framework is proposed, which is capable of scoring and quantifying the hazard level of fault types such as electrolyte leakage, and achieve up to 26 days advance warning on cloud-based real-vehicle data.

Using Video Media to Teach Physics and the Nature of Science

A robust knowledge of physics entails deeply understanding electricity concepts such as conductivity and resistance. Understanding how circuits work is also critical for ensuring the safe use of electrical technology such as car batteries and downed powerlines. Curricular materials covering these content ideas are readily available for teachers. However, these materials rarely promote the use of research-based practices to effectively scaffold from documented authentic historical episodes of physics research to physics and the nature of science (NOS) concepts. Such practices that invoke a conceptual change approach are a crucial component of inquiry experiences that deepen students’ understanding of science concepts and the NOS. The highly contextualized inquiry activity focused on Georg Ohm and electrical resistance profiled here supports teachers’ use of historically accurate video vignettes of scientific developments in physics to teach Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) based NOS and science concepts.

Enhanced electrochemical and thermal behavior of lithium-ion batteries with ultrathick electrodes via oriented pores

The increasingly extensive application scale compels the development of lithium-ion batteries toward higher energy densities to eliminate endurance anxiety. Developing ultrathick electrodes to compress the proportion of inactive components is the most direct strategy to improve battery energy densities, although overshadowed by the enthusiasm of searching for new chemistry; however, sluggish ion transport kinetics, especially at high discharge rates, is the main challenge faced by thick electrodes. Here, we demonstrate two variants of oriented pore structures to enable ion fast transport in thick electrodes, and develop a quasi-3D electrochemical-thermal coupled model for lithium-ion batteries based on an open-source computational fluid dynamics platform to investigate their electrochemical and thermal behavior. The results show that the oriented pore electrodes yield an over 2-fold increase in the areal energy density of full-cells at the high discharge rate of 3C, and have a more uniform local distribution of Li ions in both electrolyte and electrodes. Meanwhile, the heat generation rate of battery can be reduced clearly due to their lower ohm resistance. Additionally, a comprehensive critical parameter analysis of oriented pores is performed with the aim of providing a further understanding for ultrathick electrodes that can help maximize the areal energy density of full-cells.

Microstructure, Wear Resistance and Corrosion Performance of Inconel 625 Layer Fabricated by Laser/Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) Induction Hybrid Deposition

In order to avoid microstructure degradation caused by low frequency induction heat in laser-induction hybrid deposition, this paper proposes a laser/ultra-high frequency (UHF) induction hybrid deposition method. Microstructure observation is carried out to reveal the effect of UHF induction heat on the microstructure of the deposited layer. Results indicate that the laser-UHF induction hybrid deposited layer, under a current density of 1.14 × 108 A/m2, exhibits a finer microstructure and fewer Laves phases than that of the laser deposited layer. As the current density increases from 1.01 × 108 A/m2 to 1.14 × 108 A/m2, the microstructure of the laser-UHF induction hybrid deposited layer is significantly refined; however, as the current density further increases, the microstructure is only slightly further refined, since the enhanced thermal effect, along with the increasing current density, may help grain growth. Wear test demonstrates that the laser-UHF induction hybrid deposited layer obtained with a current density of 1.40 × 108 A/m2 has the lowest average friction coefficient of 0.375 and the lowest wear rate of 15.53 × 10−5 mm3/N·m, indicating a better wear resistance. Corrosion resistance is also evaluated by electrochemical corrosion test. Results indicate that the addition of UHF induction heat improves the corrosion resistance of the deposited layer. Owing to the high ohm resistance of the passive film, the deposited layer fabricated with a current density of 1.01 × 108 A/m2 exhibits the best corrosion resistance. Based on the analysis of wear and corrosion performance, the current density of 1.40 × 108 A/m2 is an optimal parameter for a laser-UHF induction hybrid deposited Inconel 625 layer.

Heating Rate Control in Electric Furnace with SSR and K-Type Thermocouple Using Arduino Uno Atmega 328P

Electric furnace is a tool that can be used to melt, heat, and change the physical shape of a substance. Electric furnaces sold in the market are still relatively expensive, therefore it is necessary to make an electric furnace at a low cost. This research designed an electric furnace using a K-type thermocouple sensor as a temperature reader and SSR relay as an ON/OFF heater  control .  Keypad serves to enter the temperature value in the heating furnace. The heating element used is 1 mm in diameter and 1.86 ohm resistance with a load of 21 Ampere, capable of heating a C1 type refractory brick furnace that has been tested to a temperature of 1000 OC. The results of temperature reading sensitivity tests against the type-K thermocouple sensor get a coefficient value of 0.99893, this indicates that the thermocouple sensor is worth using. From the electric furnace test thermocouple sensor has an average accuracy rate of 92.07%, as well as errors worth 7.93%. While there is a precision value of 98.786% which shows the system works optimally.

Comparative simulation of thin-film and bulk-type all-solid-state batteries under adiabatic and isothermal conditions

As a recently rising cell technology, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices, which can be classified into two main types: thin-film and bulk-type, according to their structures. Here, we present a comparative simulation of ASSBs employing thin-film and bulk-type structures by using three-dimensional (3-D) and pseudo-3-D electrochemical-thermal coupled models developed on an open-source platform, OpenFOAM. Our results reveal the main differences between two types of ASSBs in terms of voltage-capacity curves, temperature rises, heat generation mechanisms, effect of ambient temperature, and various internal resistance under isothermal and adiabatic conditions, respectively. The thin-film extracts around a third of the capacity of the bulk-type and shows stronger temperature-dependent behaviors at the same C-rate. At the investigated C-rates, the ohm heat always represents a tiny part of the total heat in the thin-film while a decisive role in the bulk-type due to its ohm resistance being nearly-two orders of magnitude higher than the former. Reversely, the charge-transfer resistance of the bulk-type is about an order of magnitude lower than that of the thin-film. Collectively, this work provides a fundamental understanding of thin-film and bulk-type structures.

Upper Limb Anaerobic Metabolism Capacity is Reduced in Mild and Moderate COPD Patients

Limited information is available regarding the role of anaerobic metabolism capacity on GOLD 1 and 2 COPD patients during upper limb exercise. We aimed to compare the upper limb anaerobic power capacity, blood lactate concentration, cardiovascular and respiratory responses, in male COPD patients versus healthy subjects during the 30-s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). The rate of fatigue and time constant of the power output decay (τ, tau) were also calculated and a regression analysis model was built to assess the predictors of τ in these patients. Twenty-four male COPD patients (post-bronchodilator FEV1 73.2 ± 15.3% of predicted) and 17 healthy subjects (FEV1 103.5 ± 10.1% of predicted) underwent the WAnT. Measurements were performed at rest, at the end of the WAnT, and during 3′ and 5′ of recovery time. Peak power (p = 0.04), low power (p = 0.002), and mean power output (p = 0.008) were significantly lower in COPD patients than in healthy subjects. Power output decreased exponentially in both groups, but at a significantly faster rate (p = 0.007) in COPD patients. The time constant of power decay was associated with resistance (in ohms) and fat-free mass (r 2 = 0.604, adjusted r 2 = 0.555, and p = 0.002). Blood lactate concentration was significantly higher in healthy subjects at the end of the test, as well as during 3′ and 5′ of recovery time (p < 0.01). Compared with healthy subjects, COPD patients with GOLD 1 and 2 presented lower upper limb anaerobic capacity and a faster rate of power output decrease during a maximal intensity exercise. Also, the WAnT proved to be a valid tool to measure the upper limb anaerobic capacity in these patients.

Research on the self-powered downhole vibration sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator

Drill string vibration during the drilling must be measured in real-time as it will cause damage to the construction. This paper proposed a self-powered downhole vibration sensor based on the triboelectric nanogenerator. The downhole vibration sensor relies on the drill string vibration to induce triboelectric charge and electrostatic induction of nanomaterials, thereby realizing self-powered vibration measurement. Sensing performance test results show that the measurement range is between 0 to 5 Hz, the measurement error does not exceed 3.5%, and the output voltage amplitude with a range of 2 V to 5.5 V decreases with the increases of vibration frequency. Self-powered performance test results show that the output current can reach a maximum value of about 35 × E−8 A when a 50 ohm resistance is connected in series, the output power can reach a maximum value of about 924.5 × E−12 W when a 20k ohm resistance is connected in series at a vibration frequency of 0.8 Hz, and the output current and power all decrease with the increase of the vibration frequency.

Application of Thermoelectric Generator TEG Type Parallel Series Electric Circuit Produces Electricity from Heat Rocket Stove

In rocket stove, wood is burned in a simple combustion chamber. This combustion chamber is connected by chimneys and air holes. Several studies have been carried out to utilize the heat generated by combustion of rocket stove, namely thermoelectric generators. Thermoelectric generators are electrical generator devices that convert heat energy or temperature differences into electrical energy using a phenomenon called the seebeck effect. The thermoelectric generator used in this study is TEG SP1848. How this tool works is a compilation of combustion occurs on a rocket stove then the copper pipe which is wrapped around a rocket stove flowed by wateralso rises in temperature, and the circulation of water from the chamber passes through a copper pipe, within 30 minutes the water in the chamber reaches 90°C ± then it is done from the power generated by the TEG connection then the test is done by loading a resistor of 1kΏ-10kΏ the highest generator efficiency values obtained at the 5k ohm resistor reached 5.38% of the left TEG. For TEG the right side of generator efficiency tends to be stable. The highest value of the right-side TEG generator efficiency is obtained at 0.48% at 2k ohm resistance.

A Self-Powered Rotating Speed Sensor for Downhole Motor Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator

The rotating speed of the downhole motor is very important to the drilling process, so it is necessary to be measured in real-time. Here, a self-powered downhole motor rotating speed sensor, which designed as a double friction belts and a compressed friction contact structure, is proposed based on triboelectric nanogenerator. The double friction belts or any single friction belt of the sensor can be used as a self-powered rotating sensor alone, which shows a high reliability, and the compressed friction contact method increases the contact pressure of the two friction layers, thereby increasing the output signal amplitude. Test results show that the maximum output voltage and output current of the sensor with double friction belts working are respectively 15.8 V and 42.28 nA, and the maximum output power is 194.83 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> W when a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> ohm resistance is connected in series, while the parameters of the sensor with single friction belt working are respectively 15.6 V and 24.17 nA, and the maximum output power is 52.22 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> W when a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> ohm resistance is connected in series. Further tests show that whether the sensor working with double belts or single belt, the measurement range is 0 to 910 r/min, the measurement error is less than 4%, and the working temperature range is 0 to 240 degrees Celsius, which shows that the sensor can meet the actual needs for the rotating speed measurement of downhole motor.

Pagoda-Shaped Triboelectric Nanogenerator With High Reliability for Harvesting Vibration Energy and Measuring Vibration Frequency in Downhole

Drill string vibration is very critical to the drilling technology, which needs to be measured in real-time. This paper proposes a highly reliable pagoda-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator which can measure the downhole vibration frequency in self-powered model and harvest the downhole vibration energy to try to power other downhole instruments based on the Chinese pagoda. The designed pagoda-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator has seven layers, and charges are generated by floating contacts of two adjacent layers pasted with PMMA and Kapton, respectively. The sensing tests show that the measurement range is 0 to 5 Hz, the measurement error is less than 5%, and the minimum output signal amplitude difference is about 28 V while the maximum is about 155 V, which shows a higher signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, the pagoda-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator with seven layers can still work normally when the number of undamaged layers are two or more, which shows a higher reliability. The output power tests show that the maximum power is about 4090 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> W when all layers of the pagoda-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator are connected in series with a 470 k ohm resistance and the vibration frequency is about 3 Hz. Compared with the traditional downhole drill string measurement method, the multilayer structure of the pagoda-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator makes it has higher reliability, higher output power, and saves the radial dimension space, which are very suitable for actual drilling requirements of working conditions.

An Amazingly Simple, Fast and Green Synthesis Route to Polyaniline Nanofibers for Efficient Energy Storage.

The major drawbacks of the conventional methods for preparing polyaniline (PANI) are the large consumptions of toxic chemicals and long process durations. This paper presents a remarkably simple and green route for the chemical oxidative synthesis of PANI nanofibers, utilizing sodium phytate as a novel and environmentally friendly plant derived dopant. The process shows a remarkable reduction in the synthesis time and usage of toxic chemicals with good dispersibility and exceedingly high conductivity up to 10 S cm−1 of the resulting PANI at the same time. A detailed characterization of the PANI samples has been made showing excellent relationships between their structure and properties. Particularly, the electrochemical properties of the synthesized PANI as electrode material for supercapacitors were analyzed. The PANI sample, synthesized at pre-optimized conditions, exhibited impressive supercapacitor performance having a high specific capacitance (Csp) (832.5 Fg−1 and 528 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 and 40 Ag−1, respectively) as calculated from galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) curves. A good rate capability with a capacitance retention of 67.6% of its initial value was observed. The quite low solution resistance (Rs) value of 281.0 × 10−3 Ohm and charge transfer resistance value (Rct) of 7.44 Ohm represents the excellence of the material. Further, a retention of 95.3% in coulombic efficiency after 1000 charge discharge cycles, without showing any significant degradation of the material, was also exhibited.

Impact of Opuntia species plant bio-battery in a semi-arid environment: Demonstration of their applications

The plant microbial fuel cell (P-MFC) is a novel bioelectrochemical device that is commonly used in highly water-saturated ecosystems to produce sustainable energy. However, the use of this system in arid or semi-arid areas has been less well explored to date. This would involve, the use of plants such as prickly pear, which adapts to these adverse conditions and could be an alternative to expand the application of P-MFC. The objective of this research is to use four Opuntia species (succulent plants) for the generation of sustainable electricity via plant-based biobattery design, under open environment and unsaturated water conditions. A Novel vertically integrated plug-in ceramic stick based P-MFCs was constructed, this could reduce the usage of the top-soil surface and aid the possible potential of scale-up design. For a long operating time (30 days), the results showed an average power density of 103.6 mW m−3 with reactors using Opuntia albicarpa, followed by Opuntia ficus-indica (10.63 mW m−3) > Opuntia robusta (7.46 mW m−3) > Opuntia joconostle (0.46 mW m−3), with 1000 Ohms resistance. Higher total electricity production of 285.12 J was achieved in Opuntia albicarpa over four weeks. In addition, the energy generation of 3.66 Wh m−2 was achieved in this study. Notably, Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia albicarpa species showed a significant height in the first two months (P-value < 0.05). This finding opened the avenue for the electricity generation impact on plant growth. The P-MFC also shows the potential to be used in a semi-arid area.

Detailed optimization of multiwall carbon nanotubes doped microporous layer in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for enhanced performance

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is a promising renewable energy technology. In order to further enhance the output performance improvement caused by the doping of multiwall carbon nanotubes in microporous layers, in this study, detailed optimization of microporous layers containing multiwall carbon nanotubes is accomplished. The synergy effects of carbon powder types, contents and diameters of multiwall carbon nanotubes, and microporous layer loadings are considered for the first time. The optimal composition under different humidity is obtained. It is found that among the four factors, carbon powder types have the greatest impact on the performance. The fuel cells containing thick multiwall carbon nanotubes exhibit more stable performance with the change of humidity. Microporous layers with large content of multiwall carbon nanotubes (15 wt%) promise better performance. The performance of microporous layer with the carbon powder of XC-72 is the worst due to inferior mass transfer and increased ohm resistance. The fuel cell with the optimized microporous layer exhibits excellent performance, under the temperature of 80 °C and 0.8 bar back pressure, the current density at 0.6 V is up to 1900 mA/cm2, and the max power density reaches 1180 mW/cm2. The significant improvement of performance can be attributed to favorable porous structure along with enhanced mass transfer and improved conductivity.

Effective Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Neutral Medium Based on 2D MoP/MoS2 Heterostructure Nanosheets.

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the neutral medium can avoid the problems caused by strong acid (bases) media and thus is promising for practical application. The suitable catalyst in the neutral medium for HER requires good conductivity for decreasing ohm resistance, porous structures for weakening diffusion resistance, and plentiful active sites, but its synthesis remains a challenge. Here, the 2D MoP/MoS2 heterostructure nanosheets rather than common anion doping supported on carbon cloth (CC) was designed to meet the above criteria. The catalyst only needs a low overpotential of 96 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 (η10) for HER in the neutral medium (without iR correction), which is much lower than 199 mV of the bare MoS2. The good performance is ascribed to plentiful active sites on the heterointerface of MoP/MoS2 for activating H2O, good conductivity of MoP and CC for electron transfer, and pores surrounded by MoP/MoS2 facilitating mass transfer as shown by XPS and density functional theory calculations. The catalyst also exhibits outstanding activity in alkaline (η10 of 54 mV) and acid (η10 of 69 mV) media. The cells by coupling the MoP/MoS2 cathode with a NiFe-LDH anode can deliver a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at 1.51 V in 1 M KOH and 1.98 V in 1 M PBS. The effective overall water splitting can be driven by a solar panel (1.51 V), implying its ability to store solar energy as H2 energy.

Rotational Angle Control of a Twisted Polymeric Fiber Actuator by an Estimated Temperature Feedback

A Twisted Polymeric Fiber (TPF) actuator often referred to as a fishing line/sewing thread artificial muscle, is one of the soft actuators which is made by twisting and heating a nylon fishing line. There are mainly two types of the TPF actuator, one is to make a contraction motion, which is sometimes called a Twisted and Coiled Polymeric Fiber (TCPF) actuator, and the other is to make a rotational motion, called simply a TPF actuator. This paper focuses on the latter one and proposes an estimated temperature feedback control method to regulate a torsional angle of the TPF actuator. The TPF actuator is very lightweight and low cost, but the advantage would be lost if some external sensors, such as a thermal sensor or encoder is used. In order to control the torsional angle without the use of the external sensors, a temperature of the actuator is estimated by measuring the change in the Ohm resistance of a heater wrapping around the actuator. By feedbacking the estimated temperature, the torsional angle can be regulated indirectly. Firstly, the two types of models are proposed. One is to derive a desired temperature of the actuator from the desired angle. The other is to estimate the actuator's temperature from a change of the resistance of the actuator's heater. Next, the temperature feedback control law is composed using these two models. Finally, experiments of the torsional angle regulation are conducted using a prototype of the actuation module which consists of antagonistically embedded two TPF actuators to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed controller.