Resistance Exercise In People Research Articles

The Efficacy of Blood Flow Restriction Training for Grip Strength and Disability in Lateral Epicondylitis

Background: Lateral epicondylitis is a work-related musculoskeletal disorder caused by inflammation of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles tendons with symptoms of pain in the lateral side of the elbow and decreased range of motion that causes forearm muscle weakness and disability. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of blood flow restriction (BFR) training with resistance exercise (RE) in increasing grip strength and forearm disability in lateral epicondylitis patients. Methods: This study used the randomized controlled trial design that involved 28 subjects who were divided into intervention and control groups. All subjects received the treatment 3 times per week for 4 weeks, including the standard ultrasound therapy and electro-muscular stimulation interventions for 20 mins with additional treatment of the low-load BFR training for the intervention group and the high-intensity RE for the control group. This study measured grip muscle strength using a handgrip dynamometer, and functional ability was measured using a patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation questionnaire (PrTEEQ) before and after the treatment session. The statistical analyses of paired t-tests and independent t-tests were used in this study. Results: This study found significant differences between pretest and posttest scores in the measurements of forearm muscle strength (change= 20.0~49.0%, p-values <0.001) and PrTEEQ (change= 64.5~70.5%, p-value <0.001) in the intervention and control groups. In addition, the independent t-tests resulted in significant differences in the score changes of forearm muscle strength and PrTEEQ measurement between these groups with p-values <0.001. Conclusion: This study described that BFR training had better effects on grip strength and functional ability than RE in people with lateral epicondylitis.

Progressive Resistance Exercise in People with Cerebral Palsy: do Training Parameters Matter?

This review was conducted with rigor and designed to have a low risk of bias in the results (including evaluation of evidence of each meta-analysis based on pre-determined GRADE criteria), although the number of trials included may be small and most trials had small samples

Resistance Exercise in People With Stage-3 Chronic Kidney Disease: Effects of Training Frequency (Weekly Volume) on Measures of Muscle Wasting and Function.

Background: Resistance training (RT) is a proven anabolic intervention in people living with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). To date, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the dose-response relationship of RT in the non-dialysis dependent CKD population. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects of RT frequency (weekly volume) on established measures of muscle wasting and function in CKD. Methods: Twenty people with stage-3 CKD (CKD-3) were allocated to either a low frequency (one-session per week, RT1) or higher frequency (three-sessions per week, RT3) 12-week RT programme consisting of lower extremity strengthening exercises. The two RT programmes were not volume matched. Assessment outcomes before and after the intervention included measures of total and regional body composition, muscle size and architecture, strength, physical function, and uraemic symptoms. Results: Significant improvements over time in muscle size and architecture, strength, physical function, and uraemic symptoms were observed for both RT1 and RT3. Compared to RT1, participants who performed RT3 showed greater increases in vastus lateralis (VL) anatomical cross-sectional area (30.8% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.001) and pennation angle (36.3% vs. 17.5%, p = 0.008) after 12 weeks. In either group, there were no significant changes over time in mid-VL fascicle length, nor in measures of total body composition and upper arm muscle strength. Conclusion: Despite the group differences observed in the VL physiological adaptations, the strength and physical function responses, as well as the reductions of uraemic symptoms, were similar whether training once or thrice weekly. Therefore, performing RT just once per week may be an effective pre-habilitation strategy for people with CKD-3.

240-OR: Quantifying Glucose Utilization and Endogenous Glucose Production during Resistance Exercise in People with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Glucose dynamics during and after resistance exercise in people with T1D is not well understood. We recruited 25 people with T1D to perform 3 separate sessions of in-clinic resistance exercise under low (basal) , medium (1.5x basal) , or high (3.0x basal) insulin infusion levels. Blood glucose was clamped by intravenous dextrose infusion 3 hours prior to, and 4 hours after a 45-minute session of strength training. Glucose tracer was infused to match the rate of endogenous glucose production (EGP) . Glucose and tracer data were used to fit a two-compartment model and quantify the rate of glucose disposal (Rd) and EGP. For 58 sessions across 25 participants, blood glucose levels remained constant during and after resistance exercise. The mean change in area under the curve (AUC) for Rd was not higher during resistance exercise compared to baseline (+1.2 mM, p=0.69) , but increased during previously published aerobic exercise (+12.5 mM, p&amp;lt;0.01) . Mean AUC for EGP rose during resistance exercise (+6.5 mM, p&amp;lt;0.01) primarily due to non-insulin mediated factors and the increase was higher than during aerobic exercise (+2.mM, p&amp;lt;0.01) . Resistance exercise is characterized by a strong rise in EGP that is predominantly driven by non-insulin mediated effects. This may mitigate drops in blood glucose caused by increased glucose utilization in peripheral tissues during anaerobic activity. Disclosure G.Young: None. M.Riddell: Advisory Panel; Zealand Pharma A/S, Zucara Therapeutics, Consultant; Eli Lilly and Company, Jaeb Center for Health Research, Speaker's Bureau; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk. J.El youssef: None. P.G.Jacobs: Other Relationship; Pacific Diabetes Technologies, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc. N.S.Tyler: None. T.P.Nguyen: None. J.R.Castle: Advisory Panel; Insulet Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Zealand Pharma A/S, Stock/Shareholder; Pacific Diabetes Technologies. L.M.Wilson: n/a. D.Branigan: None. V.Gabo: None. F.H.Guillot: Stock/Shareholder; Pacific Diabetes Technologies. Funding National Institutes of Health (5R01DK110175, 1F30DK128914)

(296) Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia in Fibromyalgia: An Anomaly of Clinical and Experimental Pain Assessment

The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the acute change in experimental and self-reported pain after isometric and dynamic submaximal resistance exercise in people with fibromyalgia. Thirty-four participants (52.5±11.9 yr, BMI:31.1±6.1; 32 women) with fibromyalgia completed one familiarization session and two randomized exercise sessions (isometric or dynamic) of the right elbow flexors matched for time, intensity, and duty cycle. Experimental pain was quantified via pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) at the right biceps brachii and quadriceps muscles and mechanical temporal summation (TS) at the index finger before and after exercise. Self-reported pain intensity (0-10 visual analog scale) of the exercising arm and whole-body were collected before and immediately after exercise. PPTs did not change following either exercise type. TS decreased following isometric (p=0.042), but not dynamic exercise (p>0.05). Self-reported arm (p 0.05). Similarly, the change in TS after isometric exercise did not correlate with the change in self-reported whole-body pain (p>0.05). Despite a decrease in temporal summation following isometric exercise, people with fibromyalgia report an increase in local and systemic pain following both exercise types. This indicates differential effects of an exercise bout on clinical and experimental pain measures. Further research is required to determine the clinical utility of experimental pain assessments on the acute exercise response in people with fibromyalgia. This research was supported by a Promotion of Doctoral Studies I Scholarship from the Foundation for Physical Therapy and the NICHD (R15HD090265).

Physiotherapy led palliative exercise programme for people with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PEP-PD): A feasibility study

Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative condition with an estimated world prevalence of 5 million. People with PD in Ireland cannot consistently avail themselves of specialist palliative care services. A recent cross sectional study by Saleem et al, 2013 examined the palliative care needs of people with PD [1]. The study reported problems with mobility as one of the main symptoms for people with PD. Aim The main aim of this thesis was to examine the feasibility of engaging people with advanced Parkinson’s disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 to 4) in a group exercise programme in a hospice setting. The secondary aim was to examine if this exercise programme impacted on measures of impairment, activity limitation and participation restrictions in people with advanced PD. Methods Two systematic reviews with meta-analysis were completed to examine the totality of evidence for aerobic and progressive resistance exercise for people with PD. The review output informed the design of a feasibility study comprising six weeks of a lower limb, progressive resistance training programme; once weekly supervised in a hospice out-patient setting and twice weekly unsupervised at home. Primary outcome measure was the SMWT. Secondary outcome measures included the p1-RM, MDS-UPDRS and PDQ-39. Assessments took place at pre, post and six month follow up points. Semi-structured interviews were also outlined and took place at the post assessment. Results A significant improvement was found in muscle strength (p < 0.05) of the lower limbs and non-significant improvement in the SMWT, MDS-UPDRS and PDQ-39. Qualitative interview results reported participants experiencing a perceived improvement in walking capacity and identified and outlined four main themes that impact exercise in people with PD. Further research is needed to examine the impact of progressive resistance training for advanced stage people with PD in a hospice setting.

Proposal of resistance exercise for people with multiple sclerosis: a case study

In this study we sought to standardize, propose and apply an adapted resistance exercise program for a group of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). An invitation was made to 80 people attending an institution for people with MS in the city of Campinas, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Neurological disability and impairment were determined by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). To evaluate the functional capacity we used the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), walking time (10 feet), the Timed “Up and Go” test, the Box and Block test and the Functional Reach test. The resistance exercise program lasted 10 weeks with two weekly sessions. The nine participants were divided in Group 1 (4 sedentary people) and Group 2 (5 people that regularly participated in other physical exercise programs). One individual from Group 1 completed the program with high compliance, showing no alterations at the EDSS and FIM scores. There was a reduction in the 10 feet walking time (- 21%) and at the Timed “Up and Go” test time (- 12.8%). The Box and Block test showed improvement: dominant limb (2.1%) and non-dominant limb (6.7%), but the Functional reach test deteriorated (- 7.5%). The results of this study are in agreement with the international literature, indicating the adequacy and safety of a resistance exercise program in the improvement of functional aspects for people with MS.