Resilience Mechanisms Research Articles

Impact of water deficit on the anatomical structure of more productive and less productive cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Côte d’Ivoire

This study aimed to understand the mechanism of resilience of the anatomical tissues of organs of the cashew tree in water deficit in the different climatic zones of Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this, samples of leaves and roots were taken from 55 cashew trees considered high producers (APHP) and 164 neighboring less productive trees (non-APHP) during the dry and rainy seasons. The technique of double staining with green-carmino made it possible to obtain anatomical sections of transversely cut samples under an optical microscope. The thicknesses and surface areas of the sections were measured using Image J software. The thickness of the leaves parenchymas of APHP trees did not show any variation according to the season while the stomatal density increased during the dry season. The thickness of the leaves cortical and medullary parenchymas of non-APHP trees did not show any variation according to the season too but the non-APHPs’ palisade parenchyma thickness increased while their lacunar parenchyma thickness decreased from 37 ± 1.5 mm to 36 ± 3.6 mm during the dry season. The thickness of leaves’ both sides epidermis increased while the thickness of xylem bundles decreased during the dry season to both APHP and non-APHP trees. The number of the roots’ xylem vessels of APHP trees increased from 11 to 27 vessels/mm2 while those of non-APHP trees increased from 15 to 41 vessels/mm2 during the rainy season. The surface area of the midrib medullary parenchyma of APHP trees increased from 4300 ± 837 mm2 to 5800 ± 412 mm2 while those of non-APHP trees increased from 3400 ± 809 mm2 to 5200 ± 993 mm2 during the dry season. The thicknesses of the tissues of APHPs remained greater than those of non-APHPs, regardless of the sampling season.

From risk factors to disease situations: A socio-spatial analysis of COVID-19 experiences in Lima, Peru

The goal of this qualitative research study, part of an interdisciplinary project, was to understand the overlapping geographical distribution of COVID-19 and tuberculosis burden in Lima. Using an ethnographic approach, we applied the concept of disease situations to explore how inhabitants’ social and spatial situatedness affected their capacity to respond to the pandemic. Our results show that for some populations in Lima, the risk to develop COVID-19 did not emerge suddenly; it could be traced back to situations of living under subsistence models, relying on unstable sources of income, facing food insecurity, depending on certain mechanisms of social protection, residing in precarious living environments and lacking access to quality health care. These populations did not only have less resources to adjust to changes in daily life induced by the pandemic; they were also forced to constantly weigh the risk of COVID-19 against other pressing needs and potentially face increased risks when control measures were actually followed. Pre-existing social networks played fundamental roles as sources of emotional and material support. The lens of disease situations can help to identify and explain spatial and social configurations that enhance vulnerability, as well as resilience mechanisms that are in place to deal with crises. This perspective could inform the design of contextualised prevention and response strategies around health risks in cities as diverse as Lima, whilst building on existing resources at local levels.

The intercultural caring-coping patterns of disaster-displaced families in temporary shelters

This integrative research review sought to explore the concepts of caring and coping in the context of the disaster-displacement phenomenon. It intended to describe and characterize the process of human flourishing amidst crisis through the caring and coping experiences of people living temporarily in emergency shelters after having been forcefully displaced following a devastating disaster event. This review adopted the 11-step method introduced by Tawfik and his colleagues in 2019. Three databases were utilized which included CINAHL, PubMed, and ProQuest. Papers needed to be published in English, with full-text availability for their inclusion. A total of 16 references met the inclusion criteria for the final review. To construct a logical and coherent integration of the important points, four categories of themes were developed: i) disaster impacts on daily life patterns and cultural lifeways; ii) caring patterns during disaster displacement; iii) coping patterns during disaster displacement; and iv) cultural learnings for disaster-based practitioners. It was noted that despite the challenges of crises, disaster victims often recover naturally and return to their previous levels of functioning. Resilient caring-coping mechanisms enable people to flourish in adversity, with culture and traditions playing a vital role in shaping their adjustment and adaptation to current circumstances.

A qualitative exploration of the views of paramedics regarding the use of dark humour

Introduction: Dark humour, often known as black comedy or gallows humour, is a distinct kind of humour that explores subjects that are generally taboo or uncomfortable. Identifying the function and impact of black humour is important given the prevalence of life-or-death situations, crucial clinical judgements and emotionally charged situations in the pre-hospital environment. The primary aim is to investigate the world of dark humour within the setting of experienced paramedics. Methods: A qualitative approach was employed. Ten paramedics, each with over 24 months’ experience, were recruited via word of mouth and snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between October 2023 and January 2024, and data were studied using thematic analysis.Results: Four themes were identified: the perceptions of dark humour from the public, students and colleagues; the use of dark humour in building resilience and improving perseverance; the negatives to mental health of prolonged use of black humour; and the benefits of humour use to develop camaraderie within the ambulance service.Conclusion: The study explored the views of a small sample of paramedics on this subject. Dark humour was identified as both a beneficial coping mechanism for resilience and a means of fostering camaraderie. Conversely, a chronic reliance on dark humour can have negative mental health implications. Utilising the usage of coping mechanisms such as dark humour as a yardstick to measure mental well-being could be an important first step in adopting a more holistic approach to mental health within the paramedic community.

Breaking good? Young people's mechanisms of resilience, resistance and control

Breaking good? Young people's mechanisms of resilience, resistance and control

A comparison of drought responses in wild wheat relatives and domesticated wheat grown under irrigated and rainfed field conditions

ContextDomestication and breeding processes for developing modern wheat plants from diverse wild relatives and landraces have had unintended effects of loss of genetic diversity. This reduction in genetic variation undermines the ability of modern wheat cultivars to tolerate environmental stresses such as drought. Wheat wild relatives possess untapped genetic potential for tolerating abiotic stress, especially drought. Yet, their morpho-physiological adaptation and drought stress resilience mechanisms remain underexplored. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the adaptive responses of plants within the Triticum spp. genepool, encompassing wheat wild relatives, landraces, and modern cultivars to drought stress under rainfed and irrigated field conditions. MethodsFrom an initial pool of 110 genotypes screened during the first growing season in 2022, 20 best performing genotypes, including modern cultivars for comparison, were selected for a second growing season in 2023 based on their relative yield performance. Two different treatment conditions, irrigated and rainfed, were applied during both growing seasons. This experiment observed single plants per replicate. Multiple parameters, including days to heading and flowering, plant height, number of spikes per plant, spike length, spike weight per plant, straw weight per plant, aboveground biomass per plant, grain yield per plant, thousand kernel weight, harvest index, stomatal conductance, and vegetation indices, were assessed on the selected genotypes. ResultsTaking averages measured across both growing seasons, we observed significant genotypic variation across several parameters: days to heading and flowering, plant height, number of spikes per plant, spike length, spike and straw weight per plant, aboveground biomass per plant, grain yield per plant, thousand kernel weight, harvest index, stomatal conductance, and vegetation indices. Water stress during the rainfed treatment significantly reduced grain yield (by 21 %) and stomatal conductance (by 45 %). Stomatal conductance was associated with grain yield and yield-related traits under rainfed conditions. Diverse physiological drought tolerance mechanisms associated with stomatal regulation were identified, revealing genotype-specific responses to drought stress. Genotypes such as T. dicoccoides (G242), T. urartu (G45), T. boeoticum (G27) and T. araraticum (G221) exhibited isohydric adaptation, whereas T. monococcum sinskajae (G89) and T. durum cv. Sambadur (G41) exhibited anisohydric adaptation. ConclusionSome genotypes of T. dicoccoides, T. urartu, T. boeoticum and T. araraticum exhibited isohydric adaptation, while T. monococcum sinskajae and T. durum cv. Sambadur exhibited anisohydric adaptation under drought stress which needs further verification. These genotypes can serve as donors for introducing drought tolerance traits within wheat improvement programs. ImplicationsThese findings holds great significance in improving drought tolerance in modern wheat breeding programs.

Key drivers of heavy metal bioavailability in river sediments and microbial community responses under long-term high-concentration pollution

Given the urgent need for effective environmental management of metal-polluted ecosystems, understanding the drivers of heavy metal bioavailability and microbial adaptation is crucial. The Dongdagou River, a major pollution source to the upper Yellow River, presents significant risks to regional water quality and biodiversity. This study investigates heavy metal bioavailability and its drivers, alongside microbial community responses, in 39 surface sediment samples from the river. The results revealed severe contamination, particularly with cadmium (Cd). Statistical analysis revealed that effective sulfur (ES) plays a crucial role in driving bioavailability. High-throughput sequencing indicated that bacterial communities were primarily dominated by Proteobacteria, with increased microbial diversity observed downstream. Functional predictions highlighted the prevalence of chemoheterotrophy and nitrogen cycling processes, alongside a significant presence of metal-resistance genes and enzymes, such as Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and metal-efflux transporters. These adaptations imply that microbial communities are developing mechanisms of resilience in response to prolonged heavy metal exposure. These findings offer valuable insights for formulating targeted remediation strategies in environments affected by heavy metal pollution.

Breaking good? Young people's mechanisms of resilience, resistance and control.

The conventional understanding of resilience often portrays it as a positive outcome emerging from adverse situations. This perspective frequently shapes interventions aimed at bolstering resilience among individuals considered to be in need. Drawing upon data from a European study, this paper contends that young people's apparent 'latent rejection' of favourable opportunities, or their deliberate choice to remain in precarious situations despite having some agency, should be recontextualised as unconventional but valid expressions of resilience. Instead of framing resilience solely as an aspirational concept, we propose a reframing that emphasises its role in coping with and surviving challenging circumstances. Furthermore, we advocate for the adoption of Mason's 'safe-uncertainty' model to foster a more practical form of resilience. This approach towards a more sustainable resilience could be valuable in other fields dealing with those populations labelled as 'vulnerable', 'problematic' or 'disadvantaged', and it can, we argue, enhance decision-making skills, and promote the development of robust support networks.

Perceived stress among graduate students in health sciences at a military university: a mixed-method approach

BackgroundThere is a gap in the literature about the experiences of active-duty military students pursuing a graduate degree in health sciences at a university that emphasizes a military context. This exploratory study investigates how graduate students navigate stress in the context of a military university.MethodThe study applied a mixed-methods approach including a survey (N = 59) and in-depth interviews (N = 16) of students enrolled in a graduate program at the School of Medicine (368 students) and School of Nursing (187 students). Survey data was collected via email blasts to various health science departments. In the survey, students could opt-in to complete in-depth interviews. Survey data were analyzed using cross-tabulations while a transcendental phenomenological approach was employed to code and analyze qualitative data.ResultsSurvey findings showed that more civilian students (70.6%) felt more noticeably and severely stressed than their active-duty counterparts (64.3%). Active-duty students were more likely to see their grades as a source of stress (76.2%) than their civilian counterparts (64.7%). Active-duty students were less likely to see finances as a source of stress (67.7%) than their civilian counterparts. Active-duty students were not as connected to their families and friends as their civilian counterparts were. The interviews found that active-duty students anticipated the coursework and were adept at juggling multiple demands; whereas, the civilian students centered their concerns around culture and collaboration. Active-duty students saw their program as less of a “big deal;” whereas, civilian students highlighted how they were concerned about the program and financial situations. Active-duty students relied on technical knowledge to understand their well-being; whereas, civilian students understood their well-being in holistic terms. Active-duty students focused on the idea of the individual, and how they take personal responsibility; whereas, civilian students focused more on self-care and compassion.ConclusionThe study found how civilian and active-duty students experienced stress, stressors, and other aspects that contextualize their experience with stress. Study findings may inform the design of interventions to improve student well-being and resilience mechanisms among similar graduate school contexts.

Nutrient addition alters drought resistance and resilience via forb abundance in a temperate grassland

Nutrient addition has resulted in profound effects on grassland ecosystems. Yet, the response and ecological mechanisms of grassland community resistance (the ability to maintain ecosystem function during drought) and resilience (the capacity to recover after drought) in relation to nutrient addition are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of nutrient addition on resistance and resilience of a temperate grassland experiencing a drought year. Our findings demonstrated that the resistance of both the whole community and forb species decreased under nitrogen (N) addition, while only forb resistance significantly decreased under phosphorus (P) addition. Interestingly, N addition also hindered the community and forb resilience, whereas community resilience significantly enhanced under P addition. Unexpectedly, even although nutrient addition significantly affected grass biomass, grass resistance and resilience were not significantly altered by nutrient addition. Furthermore, structural equation models revealed that nutrient addition affect community drought resistance and resilience via the abundance of forb species. Our outcomes highlight the crucial function of forb in sustaining grassland community stability in the face of global change. It provides crucial scientific evidence for the scientific management and sustainable preservation of ecosystem services in grassland ecosystems under global change.

Internalised Stigma, Self-Esteem and Perceived Social Support as Psychosocial Predictors of Quality of Life in Adult Patients with Schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness that ultimately leads to reduced quality of life (QoL). Over the years, QoL has emerged as an important outcome in the treatment of schizophrenia patients, but the role of psychosocial variables in determining QoL is still ambiguous. Therefore, in the present research, demographic, clinical and psychosocial variables were examined for their influence on QoL. Methods: We conducted a prospective and cross-sectional study on a sample of 139 patients with schizophrenia (72.7% females, age 48.17 ± 10.22) attending an outpatient service. QoL was measured using Schizophrenia Quality of Life Revision-4 (SQLR4) and internalised stigma, self-esteem, perceived social support, resilience and coping mechanisms were assessed using a battery of standardized self-report scales. Results: Female patients and those less adherent to treatment had reduced cognition and vitality QoL. The worst QoL in all domains was observed in patients with a younger age at illness onset and with six or more hospitalizations. Regression analysis indicated that reduced self-esteem, perceived social support, a larger number of hospitalization and increased internalised stigma predicted poorer overall QoL and accounted for 44.9% in the variance in SQLSR4 global score (adjusted R2 = 0.449, p = 0.046). Conclusions: Routine assessment of internalised stigma, self-esteem and perceived social support, in addition to demographic and clinical variables and addressing possible deficits in these areas through personalized intervention, could improve QoL in schizophrenia patients.

Sustainable Livelihoods in Rural Uganda— Programmes, Projects, and Participants in the Face of Pandemics

This study examines institutions’ contributions to sustainable livelihood activities in rural Uganda, focusing on how these activities adapt in times of crisis and what resilience mechanisms might enhance recovery from disasters. Centred on the Kabuyanda sub-county selected for its vulnerability to frequent droughts and floods, this research employs the sustainable livelihoods framework to investigate institutional roles, community engagement, and the resilience capacity of developmental projects. Data was gathered through a household-level survey, targeting 400 representative households from the 26,000 in Kabuyanda, conducted in November 2021 via the online KoboToolbox platform. The household-focused sampling approach provided nuanced insights into governance processes and relationships from the perspective of governance recipients. Descriptive statistics, including frequency tables and graphs, were used to analyse the data. This study highlights how institutional support, beneficiary participation, and resilience-oriented project designs collectively foster durable livelihoods. The findings underscore the necessity of resilience focused strategies in sustainable rural development, providing critical insights for policymakers to align local and global recovery efforts during COVID-19.

Regulation of household food needs: Affirmation of socio-cultural resilience in preventing stunting incidents in coastal areas

The problem of stunting is not only related to children’s short height, but also has an impact on high morbidity rates, due to long-term nutritional deficiencies. which hinders motor and mental development in children. The objectives of this research are: 1) to understand household food security, 2) to understand the eating habits of pregnant women and toddlers regarding existing belief systems and traditions, and 3) to understand resilience mechanisms in overcoming food emergencies to prevent stunting. The data collection process uses a mixed methods approach by combining qualitative and quantitative research. The research results show that the determining factor for the incidence of stunting in coastal areas of Indonesia is the lack of household food availability due to subsistence economic life which then has an impact on eating behavior in the household, namely the lack of quality and quantity of the types of food consumed. daily. Apart from that, there is still a lack of understanding by pregnant women regarding the importance of providing complementary breast milk food to toddlers, low literacy of food diversity among toddlers, and low public trust in the importance of immunization. Furthermore, the high rate of early marriage in society and the limited awareness of using clean water is caused by a philosophy that still considers rivers as a source of life, so the water is used for consumption. Apart from that, socio-cultural mechanisms as a strategy to resolve the problem of food shortages have not yet been implemented.

Exploring Plant-Bacterial Symbiosis for Eco-Friendly Agriculture and Enhanced Resilience.

This review explores the intricate relationship between plants and bacterial endophytes, revealing their multifaceted roles in promoting plant growth, resilience, and defense mechanisms. By selectively shaping their microbiome, plants harness diverse endophytic bacterial strains to enhance nutrient absorption, regulate hormones, mitigate damage, and contribute to overall plant health. The review underscores the potential of bacterial endophytes in self-sustaining agricultural systems, offering solutions to reduce reliance on fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of endophytes in enhancing plant tolerance to various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity. The review emphasizes the significance of understanding and harnessing the mutualistic relationship between plants and endophytes for maximizing agricultural yields and promoting sustainable farming practices.

Transcriptome Signatures for Cognitive Resilience Among Individuals with Pathologically Confirmed Alzheimer Disease.

Limited success to date in development of drugs that target hallmark Alzheimer disease (AD) proteins as a means to slow AD-related cognitive decline has sparked interest in approaches focused on cognitive resilience. We sought to identify transcriptome signatures among brain donors with neuropathologically confirmed AD that distinguish those with cognitive impairment from those that were cognitively intact. We compared gene expression patterns in brain tissue from donors in four cohorts who were cognitively and pathologically normal (controls), met clinical and pathological criteria for AD (SymAD), or were cognitively normal prior to death despite pathological evidence of AD (cognitively resilient or AsymAD). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the transcriptome-wide significance (TWS) level (P<10 -6 ) in the total sample and nominally significant (P<0.05) in at least two datasets were further evaluated in analyses testing association of gene expression with co-calibrated and harmonized cognitive domain scores and AD-related neuropathological traits. We identified 52 TWS DEGs, including 14 that surpassed a significance threshold of P<5×10 -8 . The three most significant DEGs, ADAMTS2 (Log2 fold change [Log2FC]=0.46, P=2.94×10 -14 ), S100A4 (Log2FC=0.61, P=3.98×10 -11 ) and NRIP2 (Log2FC=0.32, P=9.52×10 -11 ) were up-regulated in SymAD compared to AsymAD brains. ADAMTS2 and SLC6A9 were also significantly and nominally differentially expressed between AsymAD cases and controls (FDR P=0.45 and FDR P=0.57, respectively). Significant associations (P<0.0038) were identified for executive function with expression of ADAMTS2 (P=4.15×10 -8 ) and ARSG (P=1.09×10 -3 ), and for memory with PRELP (P=3.92×10 -5 ) and EMP3 (P=7.75×10 -4 ), and for language with SLC38A2 (P=6.76×10 -5 ) and SLC6A9 (P=2.13 ×10 -3 ). Expression of ARSG and FHIP1B were associated with measures of Tau pathology (AT8: P=1.5×10 -3 , and pTau181: P=3.64×10 -3 , respectively), and SLC6A9 expression was associated with multiple pTau isoforms including pTau181 (P=1.5×10 -3 ) and pTau396 (P=2.05×10 -3 ). PRELP expression was associated with synaptic density (PSD.95: P=6.18 ×10 -6 ). DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways involving E2F targets, cholesterol homeostasis, and oxidative phosphorylation. We identified multiple DEGs that differentiate neuropathologically confirmed AD cases with and without cognitive impairment prior to death. Expression of several of these genes was also associated with measures of cognitive performance and AD-related neuropathological traits, thus providing important insights into cognitive resilience mechanisms and strategies for delaying clinical symptoms of AD.

Resilience through Mobility: Urban Residents’ Adaptation Strategies in Conflict-Affected Bamenda, Cameroon

The global phenomenon of human population displacement during environmental stressors and socio-political crises has far-reaching impacts. In urban areas, residents' mobility is often driven by various factors. This study investigates urban residents' mobility as a resilience strategy in response to the Anglophone socio-political crisis in Bamenda, Cameroon. Employing a case study design and purposive sampling, the research selected five neighborhoods based on the extent of residential changes as a result of the ongoing socio-political crisis in the region. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 105 respondents and focus group discussions to explore residential mobility as a resilience mechanism. The findings revealed that five specific population groups were affected by the socio-political crisis, prompting them to relocate within Bamenda. Among those displaced, 60% were households led by individuals aged 26-32. Key reasons for displacement included ongoing violence, loss of life, family disconnection, property destruction, disrupted economic activities, halted education, and increased internally displaced persons in the region. The study also found that residents with higher financial status could relocate to safer areas, while vulnerable individuals often fled or temporarily sought refuge in forests. The prolonged crisis, over seven years now, has severely impacted Bamenda residents, escalating forced displacement rates. Consequently, the study recommends that the government implement targeted urban planning policies to enhance resilience strategies, focusing on affordable social housing, resettlement structures, and improved access to basic services for displaced residents, while fostering peace and stability in Cameroon’s Northwest and Southwest regions.

Tightly Coupled LIDAR/IMU/UWB Fusion via Resilient Factor Graph for Quadruped Robot Positioning

Continuous accurate positioning in global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-denied environments is essential for robot navigation. Significant advances have been made with light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-inertial measurement unit (IMU) techniques, especially in challenging environments with varying lighting and other complexities. However, the LiDAR/IMU method relies on a recursive positioning principle, resulting in the gradual accumulation and dispersion of errors over time. To address these challenges, this study proposes a tightly coupled LiDAR/IMU/UWB fusion approach that integrates an ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning technique. First, a lightweight point cloud segmentation and constraint algorithm is designed to minimize elevation errors and reduce computational demands. Second, a multi-decision non-line-of-sight (NLOS) recognition module using information entropy is employed to mitigate NLOS errors. Finally, a tightly coupled framework via a resilient mechanism is proposed to achieve reliable position estimation for quadruped robots. Experimental results demonstrate that our system provides robust positioning results even in LiDAR-limited and NLOS conditions, maintaining low time costs.

Investigating drought tolerance in four Argania spinosa provenances through morpho-physio-biochemical traits

ABSTRACT Drought stress significantly threatens plant ecosystems, particularly amid climate change. Understanding the mechanisms of plant resilience is essential for developing strategies to mitigate water scarcity effects on agroforestry. This study evaluated morphological, physiological and biochemical traits in Argania spinosa seedlings from four provenances (Berkane (BRK), Essaouira (ESS), Agadir (AGD) and Bouizakarne (BZK)) subjected to severe drought for three weeks. The results showed significant inter-provenance variation in the traits examined. Root dry biomass increased markedly across all provenances, with the highest increase observed in BZK (117.9%). Leaf water potential significantly decreased under drought stress, but relative water content (RWC) remained stable. Proline accumulation was significant in stressed seedlings, especially in ESS (163.4%), while total soluble sugars significantly increased only in BRK (26.6%). All provenances showed a significant reduction in chlorophyll a and b, except for BRK. Correlations among all studied traits varied significantly in both number and significance between drought stress and non-stress conditions. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed distinct separation among the provenances, indicating intra-species variability in drought responses. Key traits like dry biomass, collar diameter, basic leaf water potential, RWC and proline were identified as important indicators of drought tolerance, suggesting their utility in selecting the most resilient A. spinosa provenance.

Transient impact of chronic social stress on effort-based reward motivation in non-food restricted mice: involvement of corticosterone.

Chronic stress has been connected to a reduced effort and motivational deficits. To study effort-based motivation in rodents, operant conditioning is often employed. However, caloric restriction is typically imposed simultaneously. Since caloric restriction is a stressor in its own right, this procedure interferes with data interpretation. Here, we investigate whether chronic social defeat stress (CSD), lasting 10 consecutive days, would alter effort-based reward motivation in mice trained under ad libitum food conditions. Utilizing operant FED3 boxes in home cages, mice were trained within eight days to nose poke for palatable food. After training completion, operant memory was retained for at least 16 days, and mice demonstrated sustained effort, as assessed with a progressive ratio schedule, to obtain reward pellets. Directly after CSD exposure (10th day), mice exhibited reduced effort for palatable food rewards, but also displayed reduced nose poking in general. The effects of CSD on effort were short-lived, with no lasting impact on effort-based reward motivation one week post-stress. As corticosterone (CORT) levels were increased at day 10 of CSD, but not at day 17, we hypothesized that CORT might mediate the acute effects of CSD on effort-based reward motivation. Indeed, CORT administration [100 μg/ml], supplied via the drinking water, mirrored the CSD-induced CORT spike and temporarily reduced reward motivation. Our findings emphasize that CSD does not result in long-term deficits in reward motivation, suggesting a resilient adaptive response in mice under unrestricted feeding conditions. This study underscores the necessity of considering temporal dynamics of stress impacts and highlights the modulating effects of CORT. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the resilience mechanisms in motivational impairments and pave the way for further research into factors facilitating this resilience.

Looking for the good in times of adversity: Examining the interplay of temperament and social schemas in shaping resilience in youth.

Resilience is a broad and dynamic concept that can be seen as being constituted by the combination of internal factors, for example, temperament profiles, and external factors, for example, social support. This paper aimed to identify temperament profiles in help-seeking youth exposed to adverse childhood experiences, and to investigate whether temperament (putative internal protective factor) interacts with social schemas (as proxy for the putative external protective factor social support) such that their combination is associated with (a) reduced mental health problems and (b) attenuated decrease in positive affect following daily life stressors. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure temperament, social schemas and mental health problems. The experience sampling method was used to assess stress and positive affect (i.e., stress-sensitivity as a potential daily life resilience mechanism). Temperament profiles were identified by latent profile analysis and regression analyses were used to examine (interaction) effects. In 138 subjects, three temperament profiles were identified, that is, a moderate, volatile and persevering profile, of which the latter was negatively associated with mental health problems. Neither mental health problems nor stress sensitivity were found to be affected by the interaction between temperament and social schemas. However, positive social schemas were found to be independently associated with reduced mental health problems (b = -4.41; p = <.001) and reduced stress sensitivity (b = .10, p = .044). Findings are relevant for both practice and research, and contribute to improving our understanding of putative protective factor in the development of mental ill-health, thereby further unravelling the construct of resilience.