Resilient Force Research Articles

Resilient forces: The role of intangible capital in mitigating financial contagion dynamics

This essay explores the mechanics of financial shocks within a globalized framework, employing a two-country macroeconomic model to distinguish between core and periphery economies. Our research indicates that intangible assets, serving as stable collateral, respond more robustly to economic shocks than traditional physical forms. Moreover, the study highlights the complex transmission mechanisms of productivity and leverage shocks, revealing that while the financial sector effectively assimilates the positive economic outcomes resulting from a productivity shock, leverage shocks, despite depleting capital, paradoxically stimulate overall economic output.

An Investigation into the Impact of Time-Varying Non-Conservative Loads on the Seismic Stability of Concrete-Filled Steel-Tube Arch Bridges

When the arch rib of the mid-bearing through and lower-bearing through arch bridges undergoes out-of-plane deformation, it is usually subject to the resilience force provided by the flexible hanger, which is known as the “non-conservative force effect” of the suspender. In contrast to the static condition, in the dynamic scenario, the time-varying non-conservative force exerted by the flexible suspender becomes more complex due to dynamic changes in external load. Moreover, the difference in fundamental frequency and vibration period between the bridge system and arch rib may influence the stress distribution within the arch rib during ground motion. This paper investigates the impact of time-varying non-conservative forces on the dynamic stability of arch ribs in concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) bridges under seismic loads. Specifically, it examines the influence of different seismic waveforms, frequency disparities between bridge slabs and arch ribs, and suspender stiffness on the non-conservative effect. The results reveal significant disparities in the impact of non-conservative forces exerted by the suspender during seismic events with identical intensity but varying frequency characteristics. The influence of non-conservative forces on the dynamic stability of bridges escalates as deck stiffness increases, while it remains relatively unaffected by changes in suspender stiffness.

Quasi-Static Numerical Simulations and Resilient Force Models of GFRP-Confined FRP Bar-Reinforced Concrete Piers

Quasi-Static Numerical Simulations and Resilient Force Models of GFRP-Confined FRP Bar-Reinforced Concrete Piers

The role of the opposition in autocratisation: the case of Turkey

This paper explores the role of opposition parties within the context of global democratic erosion, with a focus on Turkey. It investigates the multifaceted role of opposition actors in the process of autocratisation, challenging conventional portrayals of them as mere victims or resilient forces. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of the main opposition party, the Republican People’s Party (CHP), spanning the critical period of 2002–2022 under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), this research uncovers how opposition strategies have evolved in response to changing political dynamics. The paper introduces two new concepts, rigid opposition and flexible opposition, to elucidate the adaptive nature of opposition strategies in the face of autocratisation. It underscores the transition of the CHP from a rigid stance, characterised by identity-based polarisation, to a more flexible approach, involving strategic alliances and inclusive discourse. This transformation is not a binary success–failure paradigm but rather a complex adaptation with inherent risks. While flexibility is crucial to limit autocratisation, its potential pitfalls carry the risks of contributing to autocratisation and the dilution of party identity.

P‐10.14: The measuring methods and influencing factors of folding resilience force

P‐10.14: The measuring methods and influencing factors of folding resilience force

Stable States of a Microbial Community Are Formed by Dynamic Metabolic Networks with Members Functioning to Achieve Both Robustness and Plasticity.

A more detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying the formation of microbial communities is essential for the efficient management of microbial ecosystems. The stable states of microbial communities are commonly perceived as static and, thus, have not been extensively examined. The present study investigated stabilizing mechanisms, minority functions, and the reliability of quantitative ana-lyses, emphasizing a metabolic network perspective. A bacterial community, formed by batch transferred cultures supplied with phenol as the sole carbon and energy source and paddy soil as the inoculum, was analyzed using a principal coordinate ana-lysis (PCoA), mathematical models, and quantitative parameters defined as growth activity, community-changing activity, community-forming activity, vulnerable force, and resilience force depending on changes in the abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences. PCoA showed succession states until the 3rd transferred cultures and stable states from the 5th to 10th transferred cultures. Quantitative parameters indicated that the bacterial community was dynamic irrespective of the succession and stable states. Three activities fluctuated under stable states. Vulnerable and resilience forces were detected under the succession and stable states, respectively. Mathematical models indicated the construction of metabolic networks, suggesting the stabilizing mechanism of the community structure. Thirteen OTUs coexisted during stable states, and were recognized as core OTUs consisting of majorities, middle-class, and minorities. The abundance of the middle-class changed, whereas that of the others did not, which indicated that core OTUs maintained metabolic networks. Some extremely low abundance OTUs were consistently exchanged, suggesting a role for scavengers. These results indicate that stable states were formed by dynamic metabolic networks with members functioning to achieve robustness and plasticity.

Seismic performance of steel frame structure adopting parallel spine frames with elastic braces

Strong structural spines increase structural integrity and enhance the seismic performance of multistory buildings. However, they usually do not provide a resilient force, which may lead to large residual drifts after major earthquakes. To address this problem, an earlier study by the authors proposed a super-elastic bracing system comprising parallel spine frames with buckling-restrained dampers and steel elastic braces. This study further investigated the seismic performance of the proposed system using a five-story building prototype. Evaluations of the lateral stiffness and strength of the elastic braces and dampers were first formulated and validated using pushover analysis. Extensive seismic response analyses were then performed for models with different brace configurations and sections, damper yield strengths, and ground motion intensities. The analyses showed that adding elastic braces efficiently reduced the peak and residual drifts and had no significant influence on the story drift distribution. The demand for brace stiffness to reduce the residual drift to a particular level has been suggested.

Coil Formation of a Silicone String Using UV-Ozone Treatment.

Microcoils are used in various mechanical devices. However, existing methods for producing microcoils from polymers often require expensive equipment. In this study, microcoils were prepared using a cost-effective and simple method. The material used was silicone, which is a biocompatible polymeric material. Silicone was solidified inside glass capillaries to form thin, straight strings with a diameter of 140 μm. The string was then transformed to a coil shape by oxidation using UV–ozone treatment while it was prestretched and pretwisted. The resilience force from the prestretching and pretwisting forces caused the string to bend and twist, respectively. As a result of the combination of these deformation modes, a coil was formed. As an application of the coils, an actuator was prepared, which repeatedly transforms between straight and coiled shapes. The actuation was caused by the swelling/deswelling of silicone with hexane. A large strain of 54% was obtained.

The Resilient Tradition: Exploring the Cultural Significance of Javanese Wayang Kulit in Heritage Preservation

This research delves into the profound significance of Javanese Wayang Kulit, or Wayang Kulit, in preserving and promoting Javanese cultural heritage. Wayang Kulit is not merely a traditional art form; it is a dynamic and resilient force that continues to breathe life into Javanese culture. This study explores the multifaceted dimensions through which Wayang Kulit contributes to the maintenance of Javanese cultural heritage. The research underscores the profound cultural importance of Wayang Kulit, serving as a living archive of Javanese traditions, myths, and history. It acts as a vehicle for the transmission of cultural values and ethical lessons, serving as a moral compass for the Javanese community. A significant result of this research is the adaptability and resilience of Wayang Kulit. It harmoniously coexists with contemporary themes, innovative storytelling, and cross-cultural collaborations while remaining rooted in its cultural essence. The economic significance of Wayang Kulit is undeniable, as it supports a network of local artisans, Wayang makers, musicians, and businesses, benefiting local economies and sustaining livelihoods. Additionally, it attracts cultural tourists, providing a boon to local industries. Wayang Kulit fosters community cohesion, intergenerational bonds, and a profound sense of cultural identity among the Javanese people. It is a unifying force that strengthens familial ties and brings communities together. In an era of cultural globalization, Wayang Kulit emerges as a model for cultural resilience. Its adaptability, endurance, and relevance serve as a beacon to the world, reaffirming the timeless value of cultural traditions in a changing global landscape. The research highlights the global implications of the findings, offering insights into how traditional cultural expressions can thrive in the modern world while preserving their cultural essence. Wayang Kulit is more than an art form; it is a guardian of cultural heritage, an educator, and an economic force. Its resilience and adaptability serve as a model for the world, reaffirming the timeless value of cultural traditions in an ever-changing global landscape

Evaluation of the forces in the lifting rope taking into account the resilience of its links

A special form of differential equations of motion of a row dynamic model to study the dynamics of a machine with resilient links is used in the article. These equations set dependences directly between power factors. Therefore the reactions of resilient areas of the model are determined without detecting their deformations. The initial values of resilient forces and their first derivatives must be known. An example of a simplified model of a drum lifting mechanism has been considered. Initial positions of a load on the supporting beam and a drum with a lifting rope on the beam of a travelling crane can change. The mass of the load, the mass of the rope, the coefficient of linear inflexibility of the rope and coefficients of flexural inflexibilities of the beams have been taken into account when making up the dynamic model of the mechanism. The equilibrium load phase with the known initial velocity and acceleration of the overhead end of the rope is studied. The effort in the supporting beam and the moment of the load removal from the support have been defined. For every phase of the motion the resilient effort in the rope as a function of time as well as the moments of time, when the efforts in the rope are maximum, have been found. The algorithm of the numerical analysis of the task has been offered; the mass, geometrical, resilient, kinematics parameters of the mechanism being preset. The coordinates of loading points to the beams can change. The spectrum of the maximal efforts and normal tensions in the rope has been got. The flow-chart of algorithm makes it possible, varying the basic data to pick up the optimal combination of parameters for the particular mode of the mechanism exploitation, with due regard of the necessary safety factor. The results of the article can be used to calculate the rope durability of the lifting mechanism to be designed or already operating

Bio politics and Historical Resilience of Neoliberalism in the Wasted Vigil and Red Birds

The biopolitical constructed neoliberal schema is a political economy that formalizes non-economic issues into economical monetarism. The biopolitics functions as an agent to govern the neoliberal resilience in the Muslim Nation-States in the shade of neo-colonial shapes. The neoliberal resilience through the capacity of biopolitics to control and command the biopower has interchanged the relationships of the social phenomena to economic activism. The neo trends of Globalization through hype real celebrated stigma of inclusion, exclusively, forcing the pure socially developed phenomena as; cultures, nationalist ethnicity, indigenousness, localism, wars and militarism, resistance, environment, psychology, sovereignty, and security of states, into neoliberal political economy. The paper will serve Foucauldian biopolitics, as it adapts a partial perspective. In one way, it is a complementary power to govern and in the other way, biopolitical rationalities to govern over the crises and recessionary risks stem from the neo-liberalization of the entire phenomena of social life via resilient forces. This privatization of economic financialization of material profit is at the cost of loss of socialization in every field of life that proves a resilience or restoration of the liberal doxa into revision. This paper will explore the possibility of biopolitical-established governance of neoliberal resilience through the textual critique of the economization of socialization from The Red Birds by Mohammed Hanif and The Wasted Vigil by Nadeem Aslam. These novels reflect on the resilient nature of neoliberal trends and the havoc caused by its neo forms through its power of adaptability and capacity to change in the nation-states.

ДИНАМІКА КОРПУСУ ГУСЕНИЧНИХ МАШИН ІЗ НЕКОНСЕРВАТИВНОЮ СИЛОВОЮ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКОЮ ПІДВІСКИ

Дана стаття присвячена вивченню нелінійної математичної моделі динаміки гусеничного транспортного засобу. При моделюванні коливань корпусу гусеничного транспортного засобу на базі лінійних та квазілінійних (лінеаризованих) моделей характеристики відновлюючої сили пружних елементів із достатнім степенем точності відображають коливання корпусу для невеликих деформацій торс іонів, тобто руху бойової гусеничної машини пересіченою місцевістю із відносно невеликими нерівностями. Для значних їх деформацій побудовані відповідні розрахункові моделі не в повній мірі відображають динамічний процес руху. Використання нових матеріалів при виробництві торсионів із динамічними пружними властивостями потребують уточненого підходу до побудови нелінійних математичних моделей динаміки руху зразків бронетанкового озброєння та їх базових машин. При побудові математичної моделі було розглянуто тільки вертикальні коливання корпусу гусеничного транспортного засобу під впливом на нього нелінійної пружної сили торсіонів, яка залежить від деформації всіх торсионів та швидкості їх реакції.
 Основні характеристики коливань корпусу було визначено в залежності від співвідношень між величинами нелінійної відновлюючої сили і росту амплітуди коливань. При побудові математичної моделі вважалось, що технічна характеристика демпферних пристроїв системи підресорювання бойової машини залежить від швидкості переміщення корпусу.
 Результати показують, що із ростом амплітуди коливань власна частота може зростати, спадати і навіть залишатись сталою, що безумовно необхідно враховувати при проектуванні систем підресорювання нових або модернізації існуючих гусеничних бойових машин,тому що закладені раціональні технічні рішення у їх підвіску призведе до зменшення впливу пересіченої місцевості на корпус, захисту особового складу, вантажів та спорядження від надмірних навантажень.

Structural degradation of sands during cyclic liquefaction: Insight from DEM simulations

The macro stress–strain responses of sands are closely related to the evolution of the force transmission network. In this paper, variations of the mechanical stability and reversibility of the force transmission network during the cyclic liquefaction process are explored using discrete element method (DEM) simulations. It is shown that sands degrade gradually from hyperstatic states to isostatic states during cyclic loading and become hypostatic when approaching liquefaction. During this process, the number of excessive contacts decreases gradually and the sample becomes unjammed. An effective and resilient force transmission network should contain enough mechanically stable particles to spread throughout the entire sample. Structural degradation during cyclic loading towards liquefaction is associated with decreasing reversibility of the force transmission network that is characterized by increasing mean squared displacement, increasing fraction of broken contacts and decreasing size of the largest force transmission network. Flow deformation and the development of significant double-amplitude axial strain are attributed to the inability of a large proportion of the broken contacts to re-form post-liquefaction. The size of the largest force transmission network (SL) decays linearly with mean effective stress and there exists a critical value of SL below which liquefaction will occur.

Accelerated construction of an in vitro model of human periodontal ligament tissue: vacuum plasma combined with fibronectin coating and a polydimethylsiloxane matrix.

Tying shape memory wires to crowded teeth causes the wires to deform according to the dental arch. This deformation results in a resilient force that is delivered to the tooth. The appropriate amount of force can activate the osteogenetic and osteoclastic ability of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the tooth can be moved. This is the biological basis of orthodontic treatment. To achieve further insight into the mechanisms underlying orthodontic treatment, we examined whether accelerated construction of an in vitro human PDL fibroblast (HPdLF) stretching model can be achieved by combining fibronectin coating and vacuum plasma treatment with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cell-culture chambers. Each chamber was randomly assigned to a no-surface modification (NN), fibronectin coating (FN), vacuum plasma treatment (PN), or vacuum plasma treatment followed by a fibronectin coating (PF) treatment protocol. The physical and chemical features and ability to promote cellular proliferation of the PDMS chamber surfaces were evaluated. Cellular adhesion of four materials were evaluated and two best-proliferated groups were considered as better model-constructing surfaces and used in subsequent experiments and used in subsequent experiments. HPdLFs were cultured on these two kinds of chambers without stretching for 3 days, then with stretching for 7 days. Time-course gene expression cellular morphology were evaluated. Chambers in the PN group had high wettability and surface component changes. The FN and PF chambers had high cellular proliferation ability. They were selected into subsequent experiments. After 3 days of culturing HPdLFs on the PF and PN chambers, the cells in the PF chambers had significantly higher levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2) and osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression compared with the cells in the PN chambers. After cyclic stretch application to the cells in the PN and PF chambers, expression of the type-3 collagen (COL-3) gene in PF group continued to increase for 7 days and was significantly higher than that in the PN group from day 5 onwards. The HPdLFs in the PF group showed parallel alignment from days 3 to 7 after imposition of cyclic stretch, while those in the PN group aligned in parallel from day 5 on. Our results suggested that applying a fibronectin coating to a PDMS chamber after plasma treatment can accelerate establishment of an in vitro PDL stretching model.

Fabricated Biobased Eucommia Ulmoides Gum/Polyolefin Elastomer Thermoplastic Vulcanizates into a Shape Memory Material

Partially biobased thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) with shape memory properties were prepared by in situ dynamic vulcanization of eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) and polyolefin elastomer (POE). The cross-linked EUG phase dispersed in POE matrix acted as a framework structure throughout the POE phase, which limited irreversible deformation of POE and provided sufficient resilience force to drive the POE molecular chains to recover their initial shape. The shape memory results demonstrated that EUG/POE TPVs exhibited excellent shape memory properties with high shape fixity and shape recovery rate (all above 95%). The EUG with the dimensions of 0.4–1.6 μm dispersed in the POE matrix, and the more EUG phase resulted in large EUG aggregates. The cross-linked EUG phase considerably improved the permanent deformation of POE, and the tensile set linearly decreases from 134% to 4% with increasing EUG contents. The mechanical and shape memory properties of EUG/POE TPVs changed little after being reprocessed twice, ex...

Active Denial: Redesigning Japan's Response to China's Military Challenge

Abstract The growth of Chinese military power poses significant challenges to Japan. China's military spending, which was half that of Japan's in 1996, is now three and a half times as large. Japan has taken a range of measures to buttress its military forces and loosen the restrictions on their operations, but much remains to be done. Most important, Tokyo needs to reexamine its strategy to maximize Japan's deterrent leverage. Of the three general approaches to conventional deterrence—punishment, forward defense, and denial—Japan's best option is to shift to a denial strategy. Such a strategy, built around a resilient force that can survive attack and attrite an encroaching adversary, can make the risks to a potential attacker unacceptably high. In Japan's case, such a strategy would leverage the inherent dangers that Beijing would face in contemplating a prolonged war against Japan and its U.S. ally. The strategy, updated to reflect the imperatives of air and maritime warfare in the precision strike era, would require a high level of dispersion and mobility and might therefore be labeled “active denial.” Adopting an active denial strategy would buttress Japan's defense and deterrent capability while reducing first-strike incentives and improving crisis stability.

A fuzzy set approach to economic crisis, austerity and public health. Part II: How are configurations of crisis and austerity related to changes in population health across Europe?

Based on the ideal type classification of European countries done in Part I of this paper, Part II explores whether the real 'danger' to public health is the interplay between austerity and crisis, rather than recession itself. We constructed two fuzzy sets of changes in population health based on a pooled file of European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data (2008 and 2013) including 29 European countries. The linear probability analyses of 'limiting long-standing illness' and 'less than good' health were restricted to the age group 20-64 years. We performed fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and studied whether configurations of 'severe crisis' and 'austerity' were linked to changes in population health. Overall, the results of this fsQCA do not support the 'crisis-austerity' thesis. Results on 'less than good' health were highly inconsistent, while results on 'limiting long-standing illness', contrary to the thesis, showed a two-path model. Countries with either no severe crisis or no austerity were subsets of the set of countries that experienced deteriorated health. Results also show that several countries combined both paths. This fuzzy set analysis does not support Stuckler and Basu's 'crisis-austerity' thesis, as those European countries that experienced recession and austerity were not consistently the countries with deteriorating health. There may be multiple reasons for this result, including analytical approach and operationalization of key concepts, but also resilient forces such as family support. We suggest more research on the topic based on more recent data and possibly other, or more, dimensions of austerity.

INTERROGAÇÕES CONTEMPORÂNEAS NA POESIA DE LUIS QUINTAIS

Trata-se de destacar, no panorama literário português atual, a obra de um poeta, Luis Quintais, que examina com agudeza as relações entre natureza e artifcialidade, cultura e barbárie, construção e destruição de mundos. Retomam-se os temas da crise e a ideia de atrito, como são abordados pelo também poeta e ensaísta brasileiro Marcos Siscar e pela ensaísta portuguesa Silvina Rodrigues Lopes, para exame de seus desdobramentos na poética de Quintais, considerando sobretudo sua atenção antropológica sobre um mundo marcado por formas de destruição. A poesia como força resistente e uma ética do humano.

A Novel 4-DOF Hybrid Magnetic Bearing for DGMSCMG

In this paper, a novel structure of four degrees of freedom (4-DOF) hybrid magnetic bearing is proposed for double gimbal magnetically suspended control momentum gyro (DGMSCMG). It includes two active parts and one passive part, and every active part has eight stator magnetic poles around the circumference in X and Y directions, which are divided into upper and lower layers. The passive part has two whole magnetic rings, which is located in the middle of this 4-DOF hybrid magnetic bearing. The radial active force is analyzed by equivalent magnetic circuit method (EMCM) and the axial resilience force is analyzed by the infinitesimal method based on the end magnetic flux. Meanwhile, three-dimensional finite-element model of the 4-DOF hybrid magnetic bearing is established with ANSYS software, and the radial displacement versus radial force, the current versus radial force, and the axial displacement versus axial resilience force characteristics are analyzed compared with the EMCM. Furthermore, the 10 Nms DGMSCMG prototype with the proposed 4-DOF hybrid magnetic bearing is manufactured, and the experiments of the radial active force test and the axial resilience force test are carried out. Experimental results show that the presented 4-DOF hybrid magnetic bearing has good force performance and verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

The Thermophysical Properties of Beef Steaks of Varying Quality Grade and Thickness Cooked on Low and High Grill Surface Temperatures

ObjectivesThe ability of an anisotropic (directionally dependent)-multi-component material, such as beef, to conduct heat is highly dependent on protein states, fat content, water content and other variables. It is also widely known that beef composition greatly impacts overall palatability described by juiciness, tenderness, and flavor. Analysis of these properties in beef steaks of varying USDA quality grades and thicknesses cooked on low and high grill surface temperatures will help to elucidate their importance and how they are affected by cooking. Materials and MethodsBeef steaks of USDA Upper 2/3 Choice and Select quality grades were sliced into thick (38.1 mm) and thin (12.7 mm) steaks and cooked until an internal degree of doneness of 71°C was reached on a commercial flat top grill at low (167°C) and high (232°C) surface temperatures. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity were measured simultaneously using a Thermal Constant Analyzer (Hot Disk TPS 500). Viscoelasticity was measured using a rheometer and textural properties were measured using a Textural Profile Analysis instrument. ResultsThe conductivity of Select steaks was found to be greater (P = 0.048) than Upper 2/3 Choice steaks cooked at low heat as compared to there being no difference (P > 0.05) between quality grades when cooked at high heat. Furthermore, enthalpies of sarcoplasmic and actin protein denaturation differed (P = 0.002) between thick and thin steaks cooked at low heat, as compared to no enthalpy change (P > 0.05) between the thicknesses at high heat. These interactions of quality grade with thickness (conductivity) and thickness with surface temperature (sarcoplasmic and actin enthalpy) indicate that surface temperature impacts thermal behavior, dependent on quality grade, while also influencing major protein structures. The viscoelastic behaviors, elasticity (G’) and viscosity (G”), of the surface and centers of the beef steaks were analyzed to determine how the microstructure of the beef responded to applied stress. The elastic behavior of steak surface and center samples differed due to quality grade dependent on thickness (surface; P = 0.012, center; P = 0.023). The viscous behavior of steak center samples was determined to differ between thicknesses and surface temperatures, dependent on quality grade (P = 0.005). These thermal and physical properties may be further explained through instrumental texture profile analysis described by hardness, resilience, adhesion, cohesiveness, springiness and Warner-Bratzler shear force. Hardness, resilience, and chewiness were influenced by grill surface temperature and thickness, dependent on quality grade (P = 0.007; P = 0.033; P = 0.015, respectively). Thin steaks possessed greater cohesiveness (P = 0.038) and shear force (P = 0.007) values. Meanwhile, thin steaks exhibited lower springiness (P = 0.002). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA for a split plot design using USDA Quality Grade as the main plot and steak thickness and grill surface temperature factors in the split plot with 5 replications. ConclusionThe measured changes in thermal and physical properties in the beef steaks suggest that the composition, thickness, and cooking parameters impact the microstructure of beef. These findings were confirmed through textural measurements. Future work will explore relationships between these factors and consumer sensory responses.