Resilience In Parents Of Children Research Articles

Investigation of the Relationship between Burnout Level and Psychological Resilience in Parents of Children with Down Syndrome

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout level and psychological resilience in parents of children with Down syndrome (DS). This study was conducted at a Special Education and Rehabilitation Center in Türkiye between August and October 2022. The sample of the correlational and cross-sectional study consisted of 80 parents of children with DS. In this study, descriptive characteristics form (DFC), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and brief resilience scale (BRS) were used to collect data. The parents' mean scores on the emotional exhaustion subscale (EES) and personal achievement subscale (PAS) of MBI according to descriptive characteristics revealed statistically significant difference in the EES and PAS scores associated with the parents' age, gender, education status, working status, number of children in the family, and family type (p < 0.05). The parents' mean scores on the BRS according to descriptive characteristics revealed statistically significant difference in BRS scores associated with the gender, educational status, working status, number of children, type of family, and presence of a chronic disease in the child (p < 0.05). There was a strong negative correlation between the EES and the BRS (r = −0.740, p < 0.05), and a strong positive correlation between the PAS and the BRS (r = 0.758, p < 0.05). It was determined that parents' emotional exhaustion levels increased as their psychological resilience levels decreased, and parents' personal accomplishment increased as their psychological resilience levels increased.

Resilience and family quality of life in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders.

Resilience and quality of life (QOL) can involve a positive approach in group interventions for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study aims to evaluate resilience and family QOL at the start of a psychoeducational group. Cross-sectional assessment of resilience and family QOL used the Family Quality of Life Scale (ECVF) and 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14). The study group showed high levels of resilience. Parents considered the resources/support domain crucial, although satisfaction in this area was comparatively lower. Concerns about low satisfaction with available resources and support were notable. Gender differences were observed but not statistically significant. The study's findings support prior research on parental resilience in families of children with ASD. The literature on the QOL for these families presents mixed findings. The importance of parental involvement in service planning is highlighted. This study emphasizes the importance of resilience in parents of children with ASD, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target. The findings underscore the need to address the perceived low quality of available resources and support. Further investigation is needed.

Death anxiety, resilience, and family cohesion in parents of children and adolescents in the end stages of life.

Adolescents in the end stages of life impose a lot of psychological stress on other family members, which may affect their resilience and quality of life. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate death anxiety, family adaptability and cohesion, and resilience in the parents of children and adolescents who were at the end stages of life. This is a cross-sectional study. Two hundred and ten parents were selected by convenience sampling and completed the questionnaires such as demographics survey, the death anxiety scale, Connor-Davidson resilience scale, family adaptability, and cohesion scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation), independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regressions. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. The findings showed that death anxiety in parents of children and adolescents in the end stages of life has a significant inverse correlation with family adaptability and cohesion (p < 0.001, r = -0.92) and resilience (p < 0.001, r = -0.90). The variables of family adaptability and cohesion, resilience, number of children, the children's illness duration, and marital status can predict 61.34% of the death anxiety variance in these parents. The parents of children and adolescents in end stages of life reported high death anxiety and moderate family adaptability and cohesion, but low resilience. Accordingly, pediatric nurses and healthcare policymakers should develop comprehensive support plans for these parents to facilitate their adaptation and increase their family adaptability and cohesion.

Factors influencing resilience of parents with children with neurodevelopmental disorders: The role of structural language, social cognition, and social support.

BackgroundResilience allows a more positive coping and improves parents' wellbeing when they face a difficult situation like having a child with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). We aim to analyze the development of resilience in parents of children with different NDD (ASD, DLD and ADHD) with different levels of structural language and social cognition, as well as the social support available for their families, and compare it to children with typical development (TD).MethodWe analyzed the level of resilience of 156 parents, 73 with children with TD and 73 with three different NDD, taking into account variables such as age, structural language (receptive grammar) and social cognition (emotional understanding) of the children, and also the type of social support available to them.ResultsChildren with DLD and ASD showed lower receptive grammar and emotional comprehension skills, although only parents of children with ASD obtained better resilience scores. Moreover, age of children and formal support variables predicted the resilience of the parents according to the type of NDD.DiscussionThe severity of social cognition and structural language difficulties of children with NDD and the fact of having support from professionals and family associations have a significant influence on the development of parental resilience.

The Lived Experience of Resilience in Parents of Children With Cancer: A Phenomenological Study.

BackgroundResilience is vital in parents of children with cancer as it can promote parental well-being and minimize maladaptation in the face of the children's cancer. Although existing quantitative studies investigated the influence factors of resilience in the parents, it has not been fully explored about the factors contributing to the resilience of parents and how they respond to and cope with their children's cancer.ObjectiveTo investigate the lived experience of resilience in the parents of children with cancer from a qualitative perspective to complement existing findings in quantitative studies.MethodsA phenomenological approach was used. Purposive sampling was performed to recruit parents of children with cancer from two tertiary hospitals in mainland China, followed by one-to-one semi-structured interviews. All of the interviews were audio-recorded and data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty-three parents, comprising 15 mothers and eight fathers, of children with cancer participated in the interview. Four themes were identified: positive and negative experiences of their children's disease, going through hardships, perceived competence and perceived social support. The most prominent facilitating factor of resilience was the presence of positive attitudes toward the children's cancer, while low level of confidence was the main obstacle.ConclusionThis study identified certain factors that affect resilience in parents of children with cancer. The findings of this study provide important implications for the development of targeted resilience training programs to enhance resilience in parents of children with cancer. It is crucial for future interventions to focus on cultivating parental resilience to promote parents' mental well-being and improve their quality of life.ClinicalTrials.gov IDNCT03631485; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03631485.

Psychological interventions for enhancing resilience in parents of children with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Caring for children with cancer is considerably stressful for parents and may negatively affect their physical and psychological well-being. Resilience plays a pivotal role in maintaining psychological well-being in the face of stress and adversity. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions in promoting resilience among parents of children with cancer. Five English databases and two Chinese databases were subjected to a systematic search from inception to March 2020. The methodological quality of the included randomised controlled trials was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2.0). Meta-analyses and descriptive analyses were used. Subgroup analyses of the intervention modes and time since diagnosis were also conducted. Five studies involving 308 participants were included. The systematic review identified three types of psychological intervention, namely resilience training, self-disclosure and peer support, which had different essential components and characteristics. The meta-analyses of three randomised controlled trials revealed that the psychological interventions enhanced parents' resilience with a large effect size (Hedges' adjusted g 0.92; 95% CI 0.22, 1.62; p = .01). Evidence supports the effectiveness of psychological interventions for enhancing resilience in the parents of children with cancer. Healthcare professionals can incorporate evidence-based psychological interventions to enhance resilience to help these parents better navigate adversity, adapt to their children's situations and improve their psychological well-being.

Effectiveness of self-compassion training on hopelessness and resilience in parents of children with cancer

Objectivesthe psychological state of parents, who are considered the primary caregivers of a sick child, can affect the child's behavior and emotions. This study analyzed the effectiveness of self-compassion training on hopelessness and resilience in the parents of children with cancer. Methodsthis was an experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all parents of children with cancer hospitalized in Amir Kabir Hospital of Arak in 2020. The research sample consisted of 30 parents of children with cancer selected through convenience sampling. The participants were equally divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups at random. The research instruments were the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD–RISC) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The experimental group underwent eight 90 min sessions of self-compassion training on a weekly basis. Finally, the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was employed for data analysis. Resultsthe mean (±SD) of the post-test scores of hopelessness and resilience were reported 10.20 (±4.95) and 43.33 (±4.27), respectively, in the experimental group, whereas they were reported 13.78 (±4.94) and 38.73 (±4.07), respectively, in the control group. According to the results, self-compassion training had significant effects on the resilience and hopelessness of the parents of children with cancer (p < 0.01). Self-compassion training had a positive, significant effect on their resilience. It was also efficient in decreasing their hopelessness. Conclusionsself-compassion training improved resilience and mitigated hopelessness in the parents of children with cancer.

Hubungan antara persepsi dukungan sosial dan resiliensi pada orang tua anak berkebutuhan khusus

This study aims to determine the relationship between perceived social support and resilience in parents of children with special needs. This study was conducted to determine whether parents who have children with special needs have a perception of a good support and have become individuals who are resilient in living their daily lives. This research uses quantitative research methods. The instrument used in this study is the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) for the perceived social social support and Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) for resilience variables. The sample in this study amounted to 164 parents who have children with special needs. This research uses purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the perceived social support and resilience in parents of children with special needs. The correlation coefficient value of the two variables is 0.470 which indicates that the relationship between variables is positive.

Cancer resilience in parents of children with cancer; the role of general health and self-efficacy on resiliency.

Cancer in children affect their parents to some stress and worries during treatment process. This study aimed to assess the parental adjustment on the resiliency of parents of children with cancer and its relationship with social support, self-efficacy, and general health. In a cross-sectional study, 107 parents of children with cancer were selected by convenience sampling method from the Oncology Departments of Qom Hospitals, Iran. Standard questionnaires including Phillips Social Support, Corner Davidson Resilience, Sheerer Self-Efficacy Inventory, and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used for data collection. Pearson's correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, t-test, and multivariate linear regression were used for data analysis in SPSS software. A significant correlation was observed between cancer resilience and social support score (r = 0.285). Multivariate regression model Showed that social support was the most important predictor of cancer resilience (β =0.723, P = 0.045). In addition, self efficacy (β =0.356, P = 0.005) showed a direct relationship with cancer resilience. Nevertheless, an inverse association (β = -0.351, P = 0.025) was observed between GHQ score and cancer resilience in parents of children with cancer. Cancer resilience in families of children with cancer is significantly associated with higher social support, more self-efficacy, and better general health. Interventional programs aimed at increasing family resilience and reducing stress by increasing the social support and self-efficacy in patients' families are helpful and necessary.

Resilience and Associated Factors Among Parents of Children with Orofacial Clefts.

This study aims to examine the associations among social support, coping styles, and resilience in parents of children with orofacial clefts (OFCs). We conducted a cross-sectional study. Through convenience sampling, 306 parents of children with OFCs completed questionnaires on social support, coping styles, and resilience. Pearson's correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the relationships among the selected variables. The results showed that age, gender, educational level, diagnosis of children, severity of OFCs, social support, and positive coping style had significant associations with resilience, which jointly explained 69.1% of the total variance in resilience. The findings suggested that social support and a positive coping style may be instrumental in improving resilience. Further research is required to explore interventions to improve the resilience of parents of children with OFCs.

Parental stress and resilience in autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome

The aim of this study was to compare parental stress and resilience in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Down syndrome (DS), and typical development (TD), and analyze the relationship between these two constructs. A total of 97 parents participated (ASD: n = 32, DS: n = 23, and TD: n = 42). The instruments used were the Parental Stress Index and the Resilience Scale. The ASD group obtained higher parental stress related to the child’s characteristics but not related to the parents’ characteristics. The three groups obtained moderate resilience, and high resilience was associated with low parental stress in the ASD and DS groups. The higher parental stress obtained in the ASD group, compared to the DS group, was not associated with aspects related to the parents or demographic and social factors of the families but rather with aspects related to the child and the characteristics of each disorder, as perceived by the parents.

JPP Student Journal Club Commentary: Considerations on Depression, Distress, and Resilience in Parents of Children With Chronic Health Conditions.

JPP Student Journal Club Commentary: Considerations on Depression, Distress, and Resilience in Parents of Children With Chronic Health Conditions.

Parenting Stress and Resilience in Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review

Background: This paper aimed to review the literature on the factors associated with parenting stress and resilience among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the South East Asia (SEA) region.Methods: An extensive search of articles in multiple online databases (PsycNET, ProQuest, PudMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) resulted in 28 papers that met the inclusion criteria (i.e., conducted in the SEA region, specific to ASD only, published in a peer-reviewed journal, full text in English). Studies found were conducted in the following countries: Brunei, n = 1; Indonesia, n = 2; Malaysia, n = 12; Philippines, n = 5; Singapore, n = 5, Thailand, n = 2; and Vietnam, n = 1, but none from Cambodia, East Timor, Laos, and Myanmar were identified.Results: Across the studies, six main factors were found to be associated with parenting stress: social support, severity of autism symptoms, financial difficulty, parents' perception and understanding toward ASD, parents' anxiety and worries about their child's future, and religious beliefs. These six factors could also be categorized as either a source of parenting stress or a coping strategy/resilience mechanism that may attenuate parenting stress.Conclusion: The findings suggest that greater support services in Western countries may underlie the cultural differences observed in the SEA region. Limitations in the current review were identified. The limited number of studies yielded from the search suggests a need for expanded research on ASD and parenting stress, coping, and resilience in the SEA region especially in Cambodia, East Timor, Laos, and Myanmar. The identified stress and resilience factors may serve as sociocultural markers for clinicians, psychologists, and other professionals to consider when supporting parents of children with ASD.

Resilience in Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilities

The objective of this study was to understand the experience of parents of children with intellectual difficulties. In the context of a developing country where social services are minimal, the onus of a child’s development lies squarely with the parents. A total of 32 parents from Mumbai were asked to describe their experience of raising a special child. The narratives were analysed using the grounded theory method and the dominant themes with respect to resilience that emerged were acceptance, cognitive adaptation, positive affect (PA), social support and self-efficacy. Based on these themes a theoretical model, linking perception, cognition, emotion and behaviour in the development of resilience, has been proposed.

Spirituality to build resilience in primary caregiver parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: a cross-country experiment

Objectives: To examine the effect of spirituality and spiritual training on resilience in primary caregiver parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).Methods: A cross-country pre- and post-test-based experimental design has been used. The sample of this one-year-long study comprised 1687 parents of children with ASD in 15 countries. A six-day customized spiritual lessons package was administered to the study participants. Three scales have been used: Resilience Scale (RS), Sense of Coherence Scale (29-items) (SOC-29), and Parenting and Family Adjustment Scale (PAFAS-30).Results: Results of the paired t-test showed that post-test RS and SOC-29 scores of the participants were higher indicating greater resilience and sense of coherence post treatment. Post-test PAFAS-30 scores were lower indicating lower dysfunction and better adjustment. Logistic regression and structural equation models showed that parents from European countries including the UK, US, Canada, and Australia, Christians, those who did three–four rounds of the spiritual lessons through the study period and those who self-practiced, had higher post-test scores. Further mothers and middle-class parents were likely to have higher post-test resilience scores. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that self-practice was the most significant predictor of participants’ post-test scores.Conclusion: The study findings re-inforce the resilience-promoting potential of spirituality/spiritually sensitive interventions for parents of children with ASD, contingent on variations due to domicile country, religion, rounds of spiritual lessons, and self-practice as critical predictors, and sex and economic class as secondary predictors.

A Comparative Study of Parenting Styles, Parental Stress and Resilience among Parents of Children Having Autism Spectrum Disorder, Parents of Children Having Specific Learning Disorder and Parents of Children Not Diagnosed With Any Psychiatric Disorder

Background: Raising a child is a big responsibility for the parents. This responsibility increases if the child has a disability like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or specific learning disorder (SpLD). Objectives: To study and compare the parental stress, parenting style and resilience in parents of children having ASD, SpLD and children who do not have a psychiatric disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done where we assessed the participants using the Parental stress scale, Parenting styles questionnaire and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Results: The study sample consisted of parents of 98 children, which included 53 mothers and 45 fathers. Mean stress scale score was significantly higher in parents having a child diagnosed with ASD than in parents having a child with specific learning disorder than in parents having a child with neither of these (p<0.001). Mean parental stress score was also significantly higher in parents with a male child than in parents with a female child (p=0.039) Stress score also was higher in female parents than in male parents (p=0.033). Housewives and unemployed parents had significantly higher mean stress scores than employed population (p=0.006). The mean resilience score was significantly higher ( p =0.003) in authoritative parenting followed by permissive with authoritarian parents having the least score. Conclusion: Perceived level of stress in a parent is affected by the type of disability, time spent with the child and gender of the parent and child whereas parental resilience is affected by parenting styles.

Resilience and Psychosocial Function Among Mainland Chinese Parents of Children With Cancer: A Cross-sectional Survey.

Resilience is commonly used to refer to the capacity to resist negative psychological reactions when encountering aversive circumstances. However, clinicians generally define resilience as a lack of psychological distress or an adoption of positive attitude in response to a potentially traumatic event. Although resilience was initially considered to be a psychological variable, it has gradually become seen as a psychosocial indicator now used in clinical settings in the Western world but is still a relatively new topic in most Eastern countries. In this study, we aimed to extend our understandings of the psychological responses of a group of mainland Chinese parents upon being informed that their children were diagnosed with cancer, using resilience as a major indicator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of resilience among mainland Chinese parents in response to knowing that their children were diagnosed with cancer and to examine the relationships between resilience and other psychosocial outcomes. A descriptive and a cross-sectional survey design was used and involved a sample of 125 parents who visited a specialist cancer hospital in southeast China between September 2013 and February 2014. The participants reported lower level of resilience as compared with a control population in the Chinese community (P < .01). Resilience was negatively correlated with uncertainty in illness (P < .01) and depression (P < .01) and was positively correlated with social support (P < .01) and all other positive coping strategies subscales (P < .01). Parents from the high- resilience group reported better psychosocial functions than did those from the low-resilience group (P < .01). In addition, 6 influencing factors were identified and entered into the multiple linear regression equation of psychological resilience, which predicts 38.3% (adjusted R) of total variation in psychological resilience. A high level of resilience in parents of children diagnosed with cancer is associated with better psychosocial function in response to the traumatic event. Additional attention should be given to those Mainland Chinese parents who demonstrated a low level of resilience in response to their child's diagnosis. This is particularly important because of the long and stressful process for cancer treatment. Clinicians should also provide targeted interventions to those parents to promote their psychological resilience.

"I know it when I see it." The complexities of measuring resilience among parents of children with cancer.

Promoting parent resilience may provide an opportunity to improve family-level survivorship after pediatric cancer; however, measuring resilience is challenging. The "Understanding Resilience in Parents of Children with Cancer" was a cross-sectional, mixed-methods study of bereaved and non-bereaved parents. Surveys included the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale, the Kessler-6 psychological distress scale, the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, and an open-ended question regarding the ongoing impact of cancer. We conducted content analyses of open-ended responses and categorized our impressions as "resilient," "not resilient," or "unable to determine." "Resilience" was determined based on evidence of psychological growth, lack of distress, and parent-reported meaning/purpose. We compared consensus impressions with instrument scores to examine alignment. Analyses were stratified by bereavement status. Eighty-four (88 %) non-bereaved and 21 (88 %) bereaved parents provided written responses. Among non-bereaved, 53 (63 %) were considered resilient and 15 (18 %) were not. Among bereaved, 11 (52 %) were deemed resilient and 5 (24 %) were not. All others suggested a mixed or incomplete picture. Rater-determined "resilient" parents tended to have higher personal resources and lower psychological distress (p = <0.001-0.01). Non-bereaved "resilient" parents also had higher post-traumatic growth (p = 0.02). Person-level analyses demonstrated that only 50-62 % of parents had all three instrument scores aligned with our impressions of resilience. Despite multiple theories, measuring resilience is challenging. Our clinical impressions of resilience were aligned in 100 % of cases; however, instruments measuring potential markers of resilience were aligned in approximately half. Promoting resilience therefore requires understanding of multiple factors, including person-level perspectives, individual resources, processes of adaptation, and emotional well-being.

Advocacy by Parents of Young Children With Special Needs: Activities, Processes, and Perceived Effectiveness

ABSTRACT.This article examines parental advocacy for young children with disabilities using a subset of data drawn from a larger exploratory and descriptive study on parental advocacy for children with disabilities from birth to age 18 with a sample of 400 participants. Because this article focuses on parents of children from birth to age 6, only parents (n = 76) meeting this criterion were selected. Data were collected through an online survey, with a snowball sample generated through e-mail lists and social media groups. The survey included questions on demographics, types of advocacy settings, perceived effectiveness of advocacy efforts, and an example of a successful advocacy effort. Parental advocacy was most common in schools, medical clinics, social services, and social media and involved processes such as educating oneself about the child's condition and rights for services, educating others including professionals, and making persistent efforts. These findings suggest advocacy on behalf of children with disabilities starts early and is important from birth to age 6. Policy and social work practice should help parents with support, knowledge, and skills to be effective advocates for their children. Future research is recommended to explore the relationships between advocacy, empowerment, coping, and resilience in parents of children with special needs.

The Impact of Personal Resilience Resources on Psychosocial Outcomes in Parents of Children with Cancer (SA509-C)

1.To understand the relationship between current parent-reported resilience resources and psychosocial outcomes, including psychological distress, health behaviors, social and family function, and communication with the medical team.2.To describe potential and novel interventions designed to target and promote resilience, and subsequently improve patient/family outcomes. Parent psychosocial function can impact the well-being of the entire family. An approach to improving outcomes may be to promote resilience. To evaluate the relationships between parent-reported resilience resources and outcomes such as psychological distress, health behaviors, family function, and communication with the medical team. We hypothesized that lower resilience resources, as measured by the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience scale, would be associated with worse outcomes. In this cross-sectional, survey-based study (the “Understanding Resilience in Parents of Children with Cancer” study), comprehensive surveys were mailed to consecutive parents of children with cancer who were treated at Seattle Children's Hospital and had completed therapy or died between 01/01/2009 and 12/31/2010. Parents or legal guardians were eligible if their child had completed therapy or died at least 6 months prior to enrollment, they were English-speaking, and had a valid mailing address. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationships between resilience resources and the following outcomes: parent psychological distress, health-related behaviors, social and family function, and perceived communication with the medical team. One hundred twenty parents (82% of contactable) completed the survey, including 24 bereaved, and 96 non-bereaved. Respondents were mostly mothers. Compared with population norms, non-bereaved parents had lower resilience resources, higher psychological distress, and more commonly reported binge drinking. Conversely, they reported higher social support and family adaptability (P<0.001-0.006). Bereaved parents had similar resilience resources, but higher levels of psychological distress, sleep difficulties, and financial hardship (P<0.05). Among non-bereaved parents, adjusted for sex, lower resilience resources were associated with higher psychological distress, lower social support, and lower family function (P<0.001-0.007). Parents in the lowest quartile of resilience resources had higher odds of reporting frequent sleep difficulties (OR, 5.19; 95% CI, 1.74, 15.45), lower health satisfaction (OR, 5.71; 95% CI, 2.05, 15.92), and decreased ability to express their hopes (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.12, 8.49) or worries (OR, 4.00; 95% CI, 1.43, 11.18) to the medical team. Parents of children with cancer are at risk for poor psychosocial outcomes and those with low resilience resources may be at greater risk.