Catalyst Residues Research Articles

Environmentally Friendly Biocomposites for The Adsorption of Mancozeb Pesticide from Water

Objective: Developing polyurethane foams and composites incorporating petroleum catalyst residue (RC) and rice husk ash (RHA) to adsorb the pesticide mancozeb from water. Theoretical Framework: The annual global consumption of pesticides reaches 2.6 million tons, resulting in significant environmental impacts. Not only does this excess increase health risks, but the persistence of pesticides in water bodies emphasizes the need for effective alternatives for their removal, such as adsorption using polyurethane foams. Method: The polyurethane composites were synthesized with the incorporation of 20% and 50% of RC and RHA waste, respectively, in relation to the total mass of polyols. Characterization analyses were carried out using thermogravimetry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The composites were immersed in aqueous solutions of mancozeb at a concentration of 500 ppm, stirred for 24 hours at 150 rpm and the solution analyzed by UV-Vis. Results and Discussion: The foams showed chemical and dimensional stability. The composites synthesized with a high amount of waste incorporated achieved greater adsorption capacity. Research Implications: Este trabalho promove a economia circular ao desenvolver compósitos de poliuretano que incorporam resíduos para a remoção eficiente de pesticidas da água. Originality/Value: The results are promising for the use of waste in the production of sustainable polyurethane foams that can be applied in the water purification process.

Recovery of aluminum, vanadium, and nickel from waste desulfurization catalyst residue by roasting and water leaching

The improper disposal of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts poses significant environmental risks due to the presence of toxic materials and metals. This study investigates a method for recovering valuable resources, specifically aluminum, vanadium, and nickel, from industrial waste HDS catalyst residue. The process involves roasting the HDS residue at 300°C for 120 min with a 1:1 solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio of residue to sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Subsequent water leaching resulted in the recovery of approximately 99% of Al(III) and V(V). The leaching kinetics of Al(III) and V(V) were found to follow the Shrinking-Core model, described by the equations X = kc.t and 1 − (1 − X)1/2 = kc.t, with activation energies (Ea) of 7.39 kJ/mol and 4.61 kJ/mol, respectively. The leach liquor containing Al(III) V(V) was treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) at pH 9.5 to precipitate aluminum salt, while vanadium was extracted using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) by adjusting the pH to 7.1 at 50°C for 30 min. The residual material was leached with 5% (v/v) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in the presence of 15% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to achieve maximum nickel dissolution, resulting in the recovery of 99% of aluminum as Al(OH)3 with 99.8% purity and 99% of nickel as NiSO4.6H2O.

Recycling of Ni from leached spent catalyst residue by H2SO4 leaching and solvent extraction: leaching kinetics, purification and product preparation

Recycling of Ni from leached spent catalyst residue by H2SO4 leaching and solvent extraction: leaching kinetics, purification and product preparation

Crystallization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate): A Review.

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a thermoplastic polyester with excellent thermal and mechanical properties, widely used in a variety of industrial fields. It is a semicrystalline polymer, and most of the industrial success of PET derives from its easily tunable crystallization kinetics, which allow users to produce the polymer with a high crystal fraction for applications that demand high thermomechanical resistance and barrier properties, or a fully amorphous polymer when high transparency of the product is needed. The main properties of the polymer are presented and discussed in this contribution, together with the literature data on the crystal structure and morphology of PET. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of its crystallization kinetics, including both primary crystal nucleation and crystal growth, as well as secondary crystallization. The effect of molar mass, catalyst residues, chain composition, and thermo-mechanical treatments on the crystallization kinetics, structure, and morphology of PET are also reviewed in this contribution.

Utilizing the waste fly ash and spent catalyst residue as reinforcement for the development of sustainable composites and investigating its mechanical and microstructure behaviour

The current study focuses on reusing spent catalysts and fly ash, presenting an interesting and intriguing topic for the researchers. The waste catalyst and fly ash from the petroleum and coal industries were initially considered hazardous. One of the most common approaches to recycling spent catalyst and fly ash involves incorporating them into the aluminum matrix to improve the mechanical behaviour for specific applications. This study uses pure aluminum as the matrix material for synthesizing a hybrid composite using an ultrasonic-aided squeeze casting technique. The spent catalyst and fly ah particles were ball-milled before being utilized as reinforcing particles with varying concentrations (2 wt% and 4 wt%) and mean particle sizes of 221.75 nm and 201.25 nm, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical behaviour of the aluminum composites produced using both reinforcements were investigated and compared. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis shows that using ultrasonic treatment in squeeze casting improves the uniform dispersion of the reinforcement nanoparticle. The optical microscope shows that incorporating nanoparticles, coupled with intensive ultrasonic treatment, reduces the grain size of α-Al dendrites. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicate that the fabricated nanocomposite is free from impurities, contaminants, and oxide formations. The hardness, compressive, and tensile tests were conducted on the prepared aluminum composites. The overall results show that Al+2 wt% spent catalyst+2 wt% fly ash composite improves hardness, tensile, and compressive strength by 98.55 %, 43.24 %, and 29.24 %, respectively, compared to the base pure aluminum. The strength of the aluminum composites has been evaluated using various strengthening mechanism techniques. The strengthening contributions are primarily due to the temperature mismatch between the waste reinforcement nanoparticles and the aluminum matrix. It is well known that metal-based composites strengthen dispersion, in which the dispersed particles hinder dislocation motion and significantly increase the composite strength.

Flexible and rigid block copolymers from recyclable polyesters

The paper addresses a study on the thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) that can be synthesized using monomers retrieved from the chemically recycled semi-aromatic polyesters, such as terephthalic acid from low value stream recyclable polyethylene terephthalate (rPET). In contrast to PET, because of their physical and mechanical properties, TPEs are often used as an engineering polymer in automotive and consumer goods. The understanding of the crystallization and phase behavior of these materials is crucial to fine-tune the molecular structure and properties. We explore the interplay between the crystallization and phase separation in these materials by performing experiments on model thermoplastic elastomers consisting of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF). A common denominator in the synthesis of PBT is terephthalic acid that can be obtained from Dimethyl Terephthalate (DMT) or recycling used PET. We show that by varying the compositions and block length of different blocks, in PBT-PTHF block copolymers, morphological variations from spherulites to dendrites can be induced, which could be captured using optical microscopy. By performing rheological and small angle X-ray scattering studies, we correlate these morphological variations at microscopic length scales, to the chain architecture at nanometer length scales. Our observations reveal that at the higher rigid PBT content, the process of phase separation strongly influences the crystallization kinetics that promotes the lamellar structure of the semi-crystalline polymer, observed at room temperature. On the other hand, in the presence of higher soft block content, the crystal growth occurs with minimal influence of the microphase separation. In broader generality, no morphological differences in the TPEs synthesized using the terephthalic acid from rPET are found. However, when the monomer from rPET is used, enhancement in crystallization rate occurs in the TPEs having similar molar mass and molecular configuration. We attribute the enhanced crystallization rate to the catalyst residues present in the terephthalic acid obtained fom rPET.

Catalyst residues severely impact the thermal stability and degradation mechanism of polycarbonates: How to turn a flaw into an opportunity

Three poly(cyclohexene carbonates) with molecular weights ranging from 4.9 to 9.4 kg/mol were synthesized from cyclohexene oxide and CO2 using macrocyclic phenolate dimetallic catalysts and purified by conventional purification procedure. A decrease in thermal stability of approximately 100 °C was observed in comparison to poly(cyclohexene carbonates) with similar molecular weights synthesized using salen metal catalysts. This decrease derives from the presence of traces of dimetallic catalyst which is able to promote the depolymerisation of poly(cyclohexene carbonate) to CO2 and cyclohexene oxide in contrast to the usual backbiting mechanism that leads to cyclic carbonate. The onset of the degradation can be precisely tuned by changing the amount of residual dimetallic catalyst or including species with functional groups that can reduce the availability of the catalytic centers. Therefore, the possibility of controlling the thermal stability of poly(cyclohexene carbonates) by varying the concentration of the catalyst and the surrounding chemical environment paves the way for the use of these polymers as components in self-sacrificial materials of interest for advanced applications.

Recyclable and dual-functional Ag3PO4/3D graphene aerogel photocatalysts for simultaneous water oxidation and pollutant degradation

Exploiting recyclable and reusable photocatalysts in pollutants elimination and water splitting has drawn extensive research attention for solving the increasing energy and environmental issues. Herein, we designed a high-performance dual functional Ag3PO4/three-dimensional (3D) graphene aerogel (APGA) photocatalyst, in which the 3D GA with extremely lightweight and high mechanical stability served as the support for Ag3PO4 particles, preventing the serious weight loss during the recovery process. Moreover, different from the traditional powder photocatalysts, the application of 3D GA support avoided the secondary contamination caused by the catalyst residue during the reaction. The abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface of porous 3D GA prevented the aggregation of Ag3PO4 particles, forming a close interfacial contact. Profiting from the large number of active sites and high conductivity of 3D GA, the optimized APGA-12 sample showed excellent O2 generation (814.1 μmol·g−1) and synchronous Cr (VI) reduction (87.5 %) efficiency. In addition, the APGA-12 sample also exhibited excellent carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation activity (99 % within 30 min) in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Cycling experiments combined with the scaled-up reactions verified the good mechanical and chemical stability of APGA samples. This work provided a promising strategy for solving the problems of catalyst recycling in the field of pollutant degradation and water oxidation.

Influence of Accelerators on Cement Mortars Using Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Residue (FCC): Enhanced Mechanical Properties at Early Curing Ages.

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have been used in the construction industry to mainly reduce the greenhouse gas emissions associated with Portland cement. Of SCMs, the petrochemical industry waste known as fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) is recognized for its high reactivity. Nevertheless, the binders produced using SCMs usually present low mechanical strength at early curing ages. This study aims to assess the effect of different accelerating additives (KOH, sodium silicate SIL, commercial additive SKR) on the mechanical strength of mortars containing FCC. The results show that after only 8 curing hours, the compressive strength gain of the FCC mortars containing SKR was over 100% compared to the FCC mortar with no additive (26.0 vs. 12.8 MPa). Comparing the compressive strength of FCC mortar containing SKR to the control mortar, the enhancement is spetacular (6.85 vs. 26.03 MPa). The effectiveness of the tested accelerators at 8-24 curing hours was KOH ≈ SIL < SKR, whereas it was KOH < SIL < SKR for 48 h-28 days. The thermogravimetric data confirmed the good compatibility of FCC and the commercial accelerator.

Studi pengaruh waktu dan suhu recovery limbah katalis nikel terpakai (spent catalyst) pasca proses hidrogenasi RBDPO dengan metode kalsinasi

Many palm oil processing industries use hydrogenation catalysts to optimize yields and produce quantities of catalyst residues containing metals harmful to the environment. Residue catalyst disposal also creates new problems for the industry because the category includes hazardous waste. Use of nickel catalyst at PT. Dua Kuda Indonesia in 2007 as much as 54 tons / year, 2014 as much as 108 tons / year and year 2018 as much as 216 tons / year. The price of nickel catalyst in Indonesia also has a fairly high value of about Rp. 120,000,000, - per ton. This study focused on the recovery of nickel catalyst activity by washing with etanol and activation catalyst wich calsinasi at temperatur 300°C, 400°C and 500°C. In the characterization stage, to see functional groups used Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) instrument instrument, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) crystallization test and structural test with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The hydrogenated catalyst, tested quantity, quality of nickel catalyst with Iodine Value Test.

Metal deactivator-suppressed degradation of trans-1,4-poly(isoprene-co-butadiene) rubber

Trans-1,4-poly(butadiene-co-isoprene) rubber (TBIR) has excellent dynamic properties, such as a high anti-fatigue performance, low rolling resistance, good abrasion resistance, and low heat generation, for use in high-performance tires; however, these properties are degraded by Ziegler-Natta (Z-N) catalyst residues, which accelerate aging. Introducing metal deactivators into anti-aging agents, we demonstrated the suppressed degradation of TBIR using differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. The suppression extent was closely associated with the types and content of metal deactivators. Given the optimized content, TEA (0.5 phr) and oxine (0.1 phr) exerted a more profound effect than did MD697 (0.1 phr) and MD1024 (0.2 phr)), resulting in a higher oxidation induction time and retention rate of molecular weight of TBIR. It is demonstrated that the details of the suppression mechanism of metal deactivators obtained from the analysis of the ultraviolet spectrum could be accounted for the formation of stable chelates, thereby reducing the activity of the catalyst metal residues. Finally, we found that TEA and oxine had no significant negative effects on the physical and processing properties of TBIR. These results provide an important reference for improving the stability and aging resistance of TBIR, which could be extended to other polymers that are synthesized using a Z-N catalyst or may encounter metals or metallic compounds.

Sustainable Concrete Produced with Petroleum Catalyst waste and Polyethylene Glycol as a Self-Healing Agent

Purpose: To evaluate the production of concrete from the partial replacement of Portland cement with petroleum catalyst residue (RC), generated in large quantities by the petrochemical industries, and the addition of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), with an emphasis on investigating its mechanical properties and durability, considering the technological, scientific and environmental aspects. Theoretical framework: Oil catalyst waste is generated in significant quantities and is classified as non-inert due to its metal ion content, so there is a need to investigate new disposal methods. The use of RC as partial substitute for Portland cement, with the addition of PEG 400 (self-curing agent), was investigated for the production of non-conventional concrete. The waste has pozzolanic activity, enabling improvements in mechanical properties when added to the cement matrix. PEG 400 has properties that can make concrete more effective in terms of water absorption, hydration heat and workability. The search for sustainability leads to research into new construction materials in order to preserve natural resources and reduce environmental impact. The concrete developed can be lower cost and more durable, without any loss of structural strength. Method/design/approach: The use of RC was investigated with partial substitutions of 2%, 5%, 10% and 20% in relation to the total mass of Portland cement for the manufacture of concrete and the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) as a self-curing agent. The void ratio, water absorption by capillarity and immersion, specific masses and pozzolanicity index of the waste were investigated. Mechanical and morphological characterization tests were also carried out on the concretes developed. Results and conclution: The compressive strength of concrete produced with 2% RC in relation to the total mass of cement and 1.5% PEG 400 increased by 18.3% compared to conventional concrete. An increase in the amount of residue caused a reduction in concrete strength. The sample with 1.5% PEG 400 obtained better workability in the fresh state, which may be due to the polymer acting as a self-healing agent. The images obtained by scanning electron microscopy showed that the samples containing 2% added RC had lower porosity. The study showed that the waste can be used satisfactorily in civil construction and the implementation of this new process can reduce global warming and the scarcity of mineral resources, taking sustainability into account. Research implications: This work contributes to a sustainable circular economy with a new process for using petroleum catalyst waste, with pozzolanic characteristics, in cementitious materials. Originality/value: The results will be promising for the use of petroleum catalyst waste and polyethylene glycol in the production of environmentally sustainable concrete.

A kinetic approach for valorisation of hydrodesulphurisation catalyst residue into mullite

Mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) is a silicoaluminate widely used for the production of ceramics, and it is usually synthesised from different raw materials with solid-state reactions. In this work, petrochemical industry catalyst waste (Ni–Mo waste) composed principally of alumina and silica has been envisaged as a suitable precursor to prepare mullite via thermal treatment. The kinetics of mullite crystallisation from the catalyst waste were studied with differential thermal analysis (DTA). The starting Ni–Mo waste was an amorphous material, and the crystallisation process takes place at temperatures between 1200 and 1300 °C. The activation energies calculated with isothermal and nonisothermal methods were 1059 and 743 kJ mol-1, respectively. The Avrami exponent (n) obtained with the Ligero method and the parameter m calculated with the Matusita method indicated two-dimensional crystal growth, probably through a diffusion-controlled bulk crystallisation mechanism from a constant number of nuclei. The frequency factor calculated by the isothermal treatment was 8 x 1033 s-1.

Safety assessment for Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (Irgafos 168) used as an antioxidant and stabilizer in food contact applications.

During and after fabrication of polymeric food contact articles (FCA), polymers undergo oxidation by thermal decomposition processes initiated by oxygen, heat, light, shear, and catalyst residues. To reduce degradation of the polymer, a commonly used secondary antioxidant (AO), Irgafos 168 (I-168), may be included. Use of I-168 in polymeric FCAs presents a potential concern for neurotoxicity due to its phosphate-containing degradation species, I-168ate. As a result, we evaluated dietary exposure and oral toxicity data for I-168 and its degradants when used as an AO in FCAs. Our exposure assessment included extensive review of the U.S. food-contact regulatory history of I-168 resulting in a combined cumulative estimated daily intake (CEDI) of 0.09 mg/kg bw/day for I-168 and I-168ate when used as an AO in FCAs. Our comprehensive literature review of toxicological data and supporting structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis of I-168 reactivity against acetylcholinesterase diminished concern for potential neurotoxic effects of I-168 and its degradants. An acceptable daily intake (ADI) value of 1 mg/kg bw/day for I-168 was derived from a two-year rodent combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study, which is higher than the CEDI and supports the safety of current authorized food contact use levels of I-168.

Elemental determination in carbon nanotubes by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after a greener and simple microwave-assisted digestion method

A method for the determination of elemental contaminants and metal catalyst residues (Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, La, Mg, Mo, Ni, and Zn) in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was developed by optimizing a greener digestion protocol for sample preparation. The feasibility of using a diluted nitric acid solution combined with H2O2 and high air flow-rate outside the digestion vessel during the microwave-assisted heating was evaluated. Complete digestion of up to 100 mg of CNT was possible using 6 mL of 1 mol L−1 HNO3 combined with 2 mL of 30% w w−1 H2O2, and 125 m3 h−1 of air flow-rate outside the digestion vessel during microwave heating. Comparison of the results obtained using the proposed method with those using a comparative method described in the literature was carried out. Accuracy was also evaluated by comparison of results with those by neutron activation analysis (NAA), and no statistical difference was observed. Limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.86 (Co) to 4.12 μg g−1 (Ca). Digests obtained using the proposed method were adequate for reliable determinations by ICP OES, and can be alternatively used for routine quality control of metal catalyst residues or impurities in CNTs. Moreover, the proposed method agrees with the recommendations of green analytical chemistry, bringing an important contribution to the sample preparation of CNTs, which normally involves hard conditions and time-consuming protocols and only allows digestion of very limited sample masses (up to 25 mg).

A Four-Lump Kinetic Model for Atmospheric Residue Conversion in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit: Effect of the Inlet Gas Oil Temperature and Catalyst-Oil Weight Ratio on the Catalytic Reaction Behavior

The effects of the inlet gas oil temperature and catalyst-to-oil weight ratio on the catalytic cracking behaviors and the distribution of the product and the yield of the riser outlet main products as unconverted gas oil, gasoline, and coke were investigated on a real industrial FCC Riser reactor with a model LRC-99 catalyst and atmospheric residue derived from Niger’s crude oil of Agadem bloc was used as the feedstock. A four-lumped kinetic mathematical model is developed to predict the feedstock conversion and the product distribution by using the deactivation function coke-on- catalyst approach. The model was validated with a good agreement against real industrial fluidized bed riser reactor plant data from Niger and industrial riser data from literature sources. The results show that the inlet gas oil temperature and catalyst-to-oil weight ratio obviously affect the cracking reactions behavior and govern the reaction rates.

Mineral-induced catalytic mechanism of sodium-calcium binary catalyst during coal char gasification

Binary catalyst composed of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal was widely used to overcome the shortcoming of single-metal catalyst. However, the synergistic mechanism between components remains unclear. In present work, sodium and calcium were loaded into the coal char individually or together. TGA gasification was used to investigate catalytic effect. In order to evaluate catalytic mechanism, Raman spectra of gasification residue, Raman spectra of quenched slag and phase composition at thermodynamic equilibrium were obtained. Loading of sodium or calcium significantly increased gasification rate of coal char and catalytic effect of sodium was better than calcium. Above 900 °C, catalytic effect of sodium-calcium binary catalyst was better than that of single catalyst, and gasification residue of binary catalyst loaded char had more calcium silicate and less sodium silicate than gasification residue of single-metal catalyst loaded char. It was speculated that calcium reacted first with silica in coal to inhibit sodium inactivation. Raman spectra of quenched slag and theoretical calculation showed that silica preferentially reacted with calcium oxide to form calcium silicate in calcium oxide-sodium carbonate-silica system, which proved above speculation. Furthermore, the significant catalytic activity of binary catalysts inhibited the graphitization evolution of carbon structure during char gasification, which is conducive to the improvement of gasification rate.

Electron-rich platinum single sites anchored on sulfur-doped covalent organic frameworks for boosting anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of alkenes

Selective catalytic hydrosilylation of alkenes for the synthesis of organosilicon products is very important in the fine chemical industry. Nevertheless, conventional Pt-based homogeneous catalysts are hindered by their low reaction selectivity, catalyst residues, and Pt leaching. In this study, a series of covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-anchored single-site Pt catalysts for achieving high-performance alkene hydrosilylation were prepared, and comprehensive characterizations confirmed that the actual coordination environment of Pt active sites is NS-Pt-Cl2. The resulting Pt(0.75%)@BTT-BPh-COF catalyst exhibited superior activity for the anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of alkenes with an excellent selectivity (>99%) under solvent-free conditions. Experimental and theoretical analysis revealed that the excellent catalytic performance is attributed to the effective charge transfer and strong coordination effect between Pt and S, N-co-doped COFs, which is conducive to the generation of electron-rich and highly active Pt single sites. High catalyst stability was maintained during recycling experiments due to the strong anchoring effect of the COFs support on atomically dispersed Pt single sites as well as the pore confinement effect. This study not only describes the precise design for the state-of-the-art catalysts with accurate active sites but also affords in-depth insights into alkene hydrosilylation.

Oxygenated Boron Species Generated In Situ by Protonolysis Enables Precision Synthesis of Alternating Polyesters

Recently, Lewis pairs composed of organobases and organoboranes have shown high catalytic activity for the synthesis of polyethers by ring-opening polymerization of epoxides. Surprisingly, copolymerization of cyclic anhydride and a large excess of epoxide we conducted at elevated temperatures were free of polyether formation when catalyzed by a phosphazene base and triethylborane (Et3B), even after complete anhydride consumption. As a result, polyesters with (near) perfect alternating sequence distribution, controlled and narrowly distributed molar mass were readily obtained. Experimental and calculational results attributed the unexpected chemoselectivity to the protonolysis of Et3B and the newly formed oxygenated boron species. Most importantly, the reversible interchange of acyloxyborane and borinic ester at the propagating chain ends suppressed the reaction between hydroxy species and epoxide (formation of ethers) while maintaining the catalytic activity for the reaction between carboxy species and epoxide (formation of esters). The polyesters containing catalyst residues exhibited good cytocompatibility despite these changes. The in situ structure and activity evolvement of boron species revealed here will pave new pathways for rational design of metal-free catalysts.

Effect of blending ratio of biofuel from used cooking oil with Dexlite

Indonesia is committed to accelerating the clean energy transition through the biodiesel policy to achieve net zero emission. The commitment to use palm oil as a biofuel base material will support Indonesia in achieving its energy security and energy mix target of 23% in 2025. This article discussed the characteristics of the blended fuel between biofuel from used cooking oil and Dexlite from PERTAMINA products. The blending process is carried out with the biofuel: Dexlite ratio as follows: 5:95, 10:90, 15:85 20:80, 25:75 and 30:70. The results revealed that the best experiments for acid number were obtained at the B5 blending ratio of 0.039 mgKOH/(g sample), saponification number at the B5 blending ratio of 1.066 mgKOH/(g sample), flash point at the B20 blending ratio at a temperature of 101°C, 90% distillation at the B10 blending ratio at a temperature of 213°C, and the density at the blending ratio B15 is 837 kg/m3. From these results, only the density parameter does not meet the biodiesel quality standards based on SNI 7182:2015. These results indicate that the addition of 30% biofuel to Dexlite can still be used as a fuel for diesel vehicles by applying a better washing method for KOH catalyst residue and unreacted methanol residue.