Residual Formaldehyde Research Articles

A facile cellulose finishing strategy through in-situ growth of sliver-doped manganese dioxide assisted by amine-quinone for improving indoor living quality

Nowadays, various harmful indoor pollutants especially including bacteria and residual formaldehyde (HCHO) seriously threaten human health and reduce the quality of public life. Herein, a universal substrate-independence finishing approach for efficiently solving these hybrid indoor threats is demonstrated, in which amine-quinone network (AQN) was employed as reduction agent to guide in-situ growth of Ag@MnO2 particles, and also acted as an adhesion interlayer to firmly anchor nanoparticles onto diverse textiles, especially for cotton fabrics. In contrast with traditional hydrothermal or calcine methods, the highly reactive AQN ensures the efficient generation of functional nanoparticles under mild conditions without any additional catalysts. During the AQN-guided reduction, the doping of Ag atoms onto cellulose fiber surface optimized the crystallinity and oxygen vacancy of MnO2, providing cotton efficient antibacterial efficiency over 90 % after 30 min of contact, companying with encouraging UV-shielding and indoor HCHO purification properties. Besides, even after 30 cycles of standard washing, the Ag@MnO2-decorated textiles can effectively degrade HCHO while well-maintaining their inherent properties. In summary, the presented AQN-mediated strategy of efficiently guiding the deposition of functional particles on fibers has broad application prospects in the green and sustainable functionalization of textiles.

2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Pre-column Derivatization: High Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of Residual Formaldehyde in Pharmaceutical Industry and Key Parameters Analysis

2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Pre-column Derivatization: High Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of Residual Formaldehyde in Pharmaceutical Industry and Key Parameters Analysis

The role and mechanism of temporary blocked isocyanate at interface between polyethylene terephthalate high‐strength fibers and activation oil

AbstractIn this paper, activation oil added with temporary blocked isocyanate was chosen to enhance interfacial adhesion in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) high‐strength fibers reinforced rubber via one‐step dipping method, in which the temporary blocked isocyanate could be activated during vulcanization process of rubber. The effect of isocyanate in enhancing adhesion between PET high‐strength fibers and rubber was explored. The amount of residual resorcinol formaldehyde latex on the surface of fibers and H‐extraction force of PET high‐strength fibers reinforced rubber are both obviously increased with 5% activation oil addition especially containing 2% isocyanate. After peeling fibers from composite rubber, the amount of residual rubber on the surface of fibers with activation oil is increased, which is even higher when further adding temporary blocked isocyanate. Based on the results of infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectra, the added isocyanate is confirmed to bond with the PET component most likely through reacting with the terminal hydroxyl groups on the surface of PET fibers. This interface reinforcement strategy based on one‐step dipping method will contribute to studies on PET high‐strength fibers reinforced rubber.

Risiko Paparan Formaldehida dari Beberapa Jenis Ikan pada Masyarakat di Kecamatan Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat

Residual formaldehyde compounds may be found in fish either naturally or intentionally added. Exposure of formaldehyde from food can cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, and is carcinogenic in humans. This study aims to estimate the risk value of formaldehyde exposure level due to fish consumption in the community population in Dramaga Subdistrict with deterministic approach. Fish consumption data was obtained from a consumption survey using a semi food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The fish consumption survey was conducted on 505 respondents with an age range of 5-60 years and over. Formaldehyde analysis was conducted on four types of fish that are popular and often consumed by the community, namely salted peda fish, salted anchovy rice fish, salted japuh fish, and fresh anchovy fish. The results showed that formaldehyde levels in four types of fish range from 8.30 – 105.09 mg/kg. The average daily consumption of salted peda, salted anchovy rice, salted japuh, and fresh anchovy was 11.58±8.32; 8.85±4.93; 7.72±4.51; and 9.85±6.45 (g/day). The average daily exposure values of formaldehyde in salted peda, salted anchovy rice, salted japuh, and fresh anchovy were 0.0025; 0.0088; 0.0146; and 0.0014 (mg/kg bw/day). The overall of daily exposure value is still below the maximum oral exposure limit of 0.2 (mg/kg bb/day). The value of exposure risk with hazard quotient (HQ) in four types of fish is 0.007–0.073. The HQ was found to be below 1, indicating risk level of exposure to formaldehyde in the community in Dramaga Subdistrict is still within safe limits.

Effect of formalin percentage, incubation time and temperature on Clostridium chauvoei culture inactivation and immunogenicity

ObjectivesIn order to find the optimal inactivation conditions for Clostridium chauvoei culture, different factors were investigated and the immunogenicity of inactivated cultures was studied. MethodsC. chauvoei was cultured with different formalin percentages (0.3, 0.5 or 0.7% V/V), inactivation temperatures (37 °C or room temperature) and incubation times (one or two weeks). Sterility tests were performed and residual formaldehyde and pH were measured. Rabbits were immunized twice with inactivated cultures and sera were used for detection of immune response. ResultsIn the one-week experiment, 0.5 and 0.7% formalin inactivated the bacteria after one week, and the percentage of 0.3 inactivated after three weeks. The residual formaldehyde at weeks 1 and 8 was not significantly different. In the two-week experiment, cultures treated with 0.3 and 0.5% formalin were inactivated after four weeks, and those with 0.7% formalin were inactivated after three weeks. Residual formaldehyde at week 8 differed significantly from that of week 1. Residual formaldehyde was affected by incubation temperature since it was lower at 37 °C than in room temperature. Also, a significant effect was observed for formalin on pH, as higher formalin contents led to lower pH values of the cultures. ELISA showed the lowest antibody titer achieved by 0.7% formalin group. Antibody titer was not different between 0.3 and 0.5% formalin. ConclusionsThe best condition for inactivation of C. chauvoei was considered as one-week incubation with 0.5% formalin at 37 °C, leading to a high antibody response.

Highly selective detection of formaldehyde and its analogs in clams based on unique and specific conjugation reactions via ultraviolet-visible absorptions

Although formaldehyde has been widely used in industry, the excessive or residual formaldehyde has been proven to cause irreversible harm to human beings due to its high toxicity. To solve this problem, we studied oxalyldihydrazide as an analytical reagent to determine formaldehyde by ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry. In this study, hydrazine compounds with –NH–NH2 structures can react with formaldehyde to form hydrazone (including –NH–N=CH–), water is the only by-product. Therefore, oxalyldihydrazide can not only react with formaldehyde but also sense its analogs such as acetaldehyde, acetone, and benzaldehyde in solution, and detect them by UV-vis spectrophotometry at 220 nm, 226 nm, 262 nm, and 257 nm respectively. Among them, the limit of detection (LOD) of formaldehyde is calculated to be 0.03 ppm (LOQ = 0.03 ppm) with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.58%. Meanwhile, the above-mentioned method can be used for detecting formaldehyde in clams with excellent selectivity and sensitivity.

Non-thermal plasma coupled with a wet scrubber for removing odorous VOC

Odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) deteriorate the quality of life and affect human health. In this study, a process was developed to remove an odorous VOC using a combined non-thermal plasma (NTP) and wet scrubber (WS) system. The low removal efficiency of WSs and the large amount of ozone generated by NTP were resolved. Compared to the decomposition effects when using a WS and NTP separately, the NTP + WS system improved the removal efficiency of ethyl acrylate (EA) and significantly reduced ozone emissions. The maximum EA removal efficiency was 99.9%. Additionally, an EA removal efficiency of over 53.4% and a 100% ozone removal efficiency were achieved even at discharge voltages lower than 4.5 kV. Ozone catalysis was confirmed to occur in the NTP + WS system. Furthermore, we verified the removal of by-products such as residual ozone and formaldehyde, which is a representative organic intermediate of EA. This study demonstrates that the NTP + WS system is a green technology for removing odorous VOCs.

Study of preparation and properties of environmentally friendly phenolic resin for mining

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of formaldehyde release from the traditional phenolic foam (PF) in the process of coal mine filling and plugging. In this paper, the effect of different factors on the efficiency of formaldehyde trapping agents were studied by adding formaldehyde trapping agents containing amino compounds after PF synthesis. The effect of formaldehyde trapping agents on the performance of resin was investigated. The results showed that the addition of formaldehyde trapping agents could greatly reduce the residual formaldehyde content in phenolic resin. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data showed that the addition of formaldehyde trapping agent not only successfully prepared PF, but also produced a stable formaldehyde trapping agent product. Compared with the unmodified PF, the pore size and foaming rate of the modified PF decreased in varying degrees, and the foaming temperature also decreased in varying degrees. Among them, urea modified phenolic resin (PUF) had the highest formaldehyde removal efficiency. It had the t lowest heat release during combustion and the foam pore size was large and uniform. In addition, through the application of urea‐modified PF in the goaf return air corner fissure sealing application, it was found that the CO concentration in the goaf maintained at the lowest state of 0.002%. It has reached the national industry standard of polymer gas plugging materials and conforms to the green development concept in the field of coal mine fire prevention.

Anchoring silver nanoparticles using catechol-derived resins: An efficient and versatile approach for producing durable antimicrobial fabrics

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are one of the most popular antibacterial agents, but Ag NP-modified antibacterial fabrics often show poor laundering durability owing to the weak binding force of Ag NPs to the fabric. In this work, a hydrothermal synthesis of catechol formaldehyde resins (CFR) and Ag NPs from catechol, hexamethylenetetramine, and AgNO3 was developed, and a kind of coating called Ag/CFR was constructed in situ on the surface of cotton, polyester, polyamide, and their blended fabrics. Micromorphologies and chemical structures of the fabric and Ag/CFR coatings were studied, while the antimicrobial performance and other important properties of the fabrics were also investigated. The studies showed that CFR were generated in the solution and anchored Ag NPs onto the surface of the fabric. All the modified fabrics presented high antimicrobial activity with superior laundering durability, achieving a bacteriostasis and fungistasis rate of 99.99 % against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, even after 50 laundering cycles. Ag/CFR coatings had little influence on the mechanical properties, air permeability, and feel of the fabric. All the antimicrobial fabrics showed low cytotoxicity to NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts and contained no residual formaldehyde. This work provides an efficient and versatile approach for producing durable coatings for antimicrobial fabrics, which can be widely applied to clothing, bedding, and decorations.

From pollutant to valuable phenolic resin: a novel reutilization strategy of industrial semi-coking wastewater

Semi-coking wastewater is a highly pollutive side product from coal chemical industry. In this study, we present a novel reutilization strategy of semi-coking wastewater that convert the abundant phenols and highly concentrated ammonias into thermoset phenolic resin via facile reaction with formaldehyde. The effects of reaction temperature, formaldehyde amount, and reaction time on the yield and quality of the acquired phenolic resin were investigated, and the water quality of the semi-coking wastewater after reaction was determined and compared with the untreated ones. The results showed that the optimal reaction condition was 95 °C for 2 h, under which 1.986 g phenolic resin was obtained from reacting 1.2 mL of formaldehyde with 80 mL of semi-coking wastewater. The obtained phenolic resin had a spherical microstructure, and its FT-IR spectrum was in good consistence with that of the standard phenolic resin with low content of residual phenol and formaldehyde. The reaction with formaldehyde endows efficient removal of phenols, COD and ammonia nitrogen in the semi-coking wastewater, with removal rates of 99.19%, 44.46% and 60.10%, respectively. Furthermore, the scale-up experiment was conducted, and 0.86 kg phenolic resin was generated from 40 L semi-coking wastewater, indicating the robustness of the process and the reliability for up-scaling. The presented strategy realizes the economic reutilization of semi-coking wastewater with synergetic pollutant remediation and value-added production, which sheds light on the treatment of other wastewater rich in phenol and ammonia too.

Novel Method of Analysis for the Determination of Residual Formaldehyde by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Formaldehyde is commonly used as an alkylating agent in the pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, its residual level in drug substances and/or their intermediates needs to be accurately quantified. Formaldehyde is a small, volatile molecule with a weak chromophore (the carbonyl group), and its direct analysis by GC-FID and HPLC-UV is difficult. For these reasons, the majority of papers found in the literature are based upon a derivatisation process (most commonly using the desensitised explosive 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine) prior to the analysis of formaldehyde. A novel high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection for its quantification in a pharmaceutical is described in this paper. The method proposed herein is based upon a derivatisation reaction between formaldehyde and 4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (MBSH) before analysis by HPLC-UV. Selectivity, linearity, limit of quantification, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, and solution stability were successfully assessed as per ICH guideline Q2(R1), and the method has also been validated in a good manufacturing practice (GMP) laboratory in the UK.

Dialdehyde sodium alginate bonded dicyandiamide for formaldehyde-free leather production with enhanced properties

Dialdehyde sodium alginate (DSA) is an eco-crosslinker attracting extensive interest while undergoing limited large-scale applications. Herein, we employed DSA to react with dicyandiamide (DA) for engineering a biomass-derived retanning agent (BDR) towards addressing the long-term toxicity of residual formaldehyde (FA) in leather caused by amino resins. Results confirmed that BDR reserved the structural features of DSA by grafting DA onto DSA molecules. Owing to the suitable molecular weight (main components, 1424–1462 g/mol) and abundant oxygen-containing groups of BDR endowed by DSA, BDR-treated chrome-free leather showed higher hydrothermal stability (82.4 °C), thickening ratio (13.93 %), mechanical strengths (17.2 N/mm2 for tensile strength and 120 N/mm for tear strength), and fullness compared with industrial dicyandiamide-FA-resin (DFR)-treated leather. The FA-free feature of DSA led to BDR-treated leather containing no FA, while FA in DFR-treated leather reached 591.5 mg/kg. This work provided new insights into broadening the large-scale application scopes of DSA.

UV–vis spectroscopic detection of formaldehyde and its analogs: A convenient and sensitive methodology

Formaldehyde is deemed to be an indispensable industrial product that has been widely applied in manufacture of resins, drugs, building materials, etc. It has been widely accepted that, nevertheless, residual formaldehyde will cause pathogen reactions, even leading to cancers like leukemia. Thus, a facile and efficient approach has been designed to achieve the determination of formaldehyde by ultraviolet and visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry in liquid media. In detail, O-(carboxymethyl) hydroxylamine (C2H5NO3·0.5HCl) is chosen as the detection reagent for the specific recognition of formaldehyde on account of its unique aminooxy (-O-NH2) which can react with formaldehyde to form oxime bonds (O-NCH2), accompanied with the only by-product of H2O. Likewise, this simple and sensitive detection approach based on the chemical detection reagent C2H5NO3·0.5HCl can also be applied to the determination of other aldehyde homologs with carbonyl groups including acetaldehyde, acetone, benzaldehyde, 1, 4-phthalaldehyde. As a result, all the UV absorbances of analytes display remarkable linear detection relationships. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) values are in the range of 0.03–1.16 ppm and 0.03–5.81 ppm respectively, with RSDs of 3.27–3.75 %, evidencing the feasibility of our method to determine formaldehyde and its homologs by UV–vis spectrophotometry and auspicious prospects of practical applications.

Fragrance oil microcapsules with low content of formaldehyde: Preparation and characterization

To reduce the residual formaldehyde content in melamine-formaldehyde (MF) microcapsules, glutaraldehyde was introduced to replace a portion of formaldehyde to prepare melamine-glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde (MGF) fragrance oil microcapsules via in-situ polymerization. MGF-lily oil microcapsules were obtained when the concentration of aldehyde groups provided by glutaraldehyde in the total aldehyde groups Cga∕Ca≤ 33.3 mol%. When Cga∕Ca≤ 9.5 mol%, the addition of glutaraldehyde reduced the residual formaldehyde content (235.05 ± 13.14 ppm to 21.79 ± 6.82 ppm) effectively without sacrificing the mechanical properties of microcapsules; it also improved the elasticity of microcapsules, in which Young’s modulus of MF shell was approximately 1.5 times to that of MGF shell. The approach was extended to encapsulate 2-hydroxy-3-(octanoyloxy)propyl decanoate (ODO), hexyl salicylate and lavender oil. All three fragrance oils were encapsulated successfully with low content of formaldehyde; however, the mechanical properties varied due to the difference on the hydrophobicity and viscosity of fragrance oil. This work provided an efficient and universal formaldehyde reduction method to encapsulate hydrophobic fragrance oil, which can not only reduce formaldehyde content but also maintain the mechanical properties and improve the elasticity of microcapsules, which has a potential application in consumer-friendly additives.

Comparative study on the hydrogenolysis performance of solid residues from different bamboo pretreatments

Both alkaline organosolv and formaldehyde stabilization pretreatment can yield high-quality lignin by preventing condensation. For the hydrogenolysis of the pretreated solid residues, the highest yield of C2–C4 chemicals was 66.8% under alkaline organosolv pretreatment for 60 min. Specifically, the crimped fibers and residual lignin and hemicellulose increased the surface roughness of the residue by 40.6%, the crystallinity index decreased to 44.4%, and the crystal size was reduced to 2.15 nm, which in turn promoted hydrogenolysis of the residue. However, the increase of crystallinity and crystal size and the decrease in surface roughness of the formaldehyde stabilization pretreatment residue greatly hindered the conversion of polysaccharides. In addition, residual formaldehyde on the residue may also inhibit catalyst activity. Overall, this study provides novel perspectives on the full utilization of biomass, as well as new insights into the conversion of polysaccharides.

Residual formaldehyde contents in fresh white cheese in El Salvador: Seasonal changes associated with temperature

Detection of residual formaldehyde (FA) in dairy products could be explained by direct addition of this preservative to extend the shelf life of raw material or final product at room temperature. FA is not authorized as a preservative by international standards and its addition to dairy products is prohibited due to its potentially harmful effects on consumers. Although the carcinogenicity of FA by oral exposure has not been proven, it is also known it cause histopathological and cytogenic changes in tissues at first contact, so its toxicity by ingestion should not be underestimated.This research determined both residual FA levels in locally produced fresh white cheese and its variation according to the seasons of the year and its association with ambient temperature. None of the FA levels quantified in cheese exceeded the maximum tolerable concentration (2.6 mg/kg) and although average FA contents did not vary significantly with seasonal changes (0.093–0.181 mg/kg), the number of positive cases did, since the highest prevalence occurred in the dry (60.9 %) and transitional dry-rainy (79.7 %) seasons of 2021, which are characterized by having the highest average ambient temperatures (27.5 °C and 28.3 °C, respectively). It was also shown that 79.6 % of the variability of FA-positive samples is explained by changes in the average temperature according to the year´s season.The association between these variables and quantified levels of aldehyde in raw milk sampled at the plant could indicate that FA was used to prevent milk and/or the final product from decomposing due to the effect of high ambient temperature. In addition, residual FA contents decreased in both milk and cheese, depending on added preservative levels, and the time elapsed prior to analysis.

Practical and Efficient: A Pocket-Sized Device Enabling Detection of Formaldehyde Adulteration in Vegetables

Formaldehyde, as a carcinogenic substance, is often intentionally used to adulterate vegetables to increase their shelf life, and the adhesive tape used to attach labels can also leave formaldehyde on the surface of vegetables. However, as the “gold” standard, gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are expensive for individual tests and confined to the laboratory owing to their size and a suitable detector (low-cost, portable, fast detection speed) to check formaldehyde contamination in vegetables not being available. Here, we tested formaldehyde contamination in vegetables using a low-cost and hand-held detector combined with a screen-printed electrode (SPE) amperometric sensor and an open-sourced potentiostat. The analyzer can detect a concentration of 100 μmol/L formaldehyde and achieve a good linear range between 100 and 1000 μmol/L. Furthermore, the detector successfully identified formaldehyde contamination in 53 samples of six different kinds of vegetables even after residual formaldehyde on the surface was evaporated. Most importantly, under the practicability-oriented idea, a cost-effective strategy was implemented for this detector design rather than using other pricey methods (e.g., photolithography, electron-beam evaporation, chemical deposition), which enormously reduces the cost (under ∼USD 0.5 per test) and meets all of the requirements of ASSURED device. We believe this cheap, portable detector could help law-enforcing authorities, healthcare workers, and customers to screen formaldehyde contamination easily. Also, the cost-saving strategy is appropriate for low-income areas, where there is a lack of laboratories, funds, and trained experts.

Sustainable tannin-based coagulants synthesized through Mannich reaction using melamine as an amine source for water treatment applications

This study explored the potential of melamine, as the nitrogenating source for the cationization of pulverized quebracho and spruce tannins. The influence of modification conditions on the properties of the coagulants was studied by varying the formaldehyde and melamine ratios with different activation times and temperatures. Based on considerations of charge density and shelf life, the most viable modifications were established as coagulants synthesized with a 1:0.52 formaldehyde to melamine molar ratio at 70 °C. At optimal conditions, the charge density of the quebracho and spruce coagulants was 2.22 meq/g and 1.04 meq/g, respectively, and the residual formaldehyde content in the coagulants was low. The developed synthesis of this study demonstrated a clear advantage over previous methods due to the rapid modification step. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the emergence of an amine which signifies a successful Mannich reaction in the coagulant. Although optimal modification conditions for the coagulants were established at 70 °C (5-min activation time), the average molecular weight could not be determined for these conditions. Nevertheless, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the tannin-based coagulants obtained at lower temperatures (23 °C and 45 °C) possessed low average molecular weight (approx. 800–900 Da). Furthermore, ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF spectra showed that the Mannich modification resulted in the depolymerisation of the quebracho tannin, leading to a reduction in units of higher mass fractions in the synthesized coagulant, which contrasted with the spruce tannin. Jar test experiments with surface and industrial process waters demonstrated that the tannin coagulants enhanced particle settling effectively.

Introducing Polyhydroxyurethane Hydrogels and Coatings for Formaldehyde Capture.

Formaldehyde (FA) is a harmful chemical product largely used for producing resins found in our living spaces. Residual FA that leaches out the resin contributes to our indoor air pollution and causes some important health issues. Systems able to capture this volatile organic compound are highly desirable; however, traditional adsorbents are most often restricted to air filtration systems. Herein, we report novel waterborne coatings that are acting as a FA sponge for indoor air decontamination. These coatings, of the poly(hydroxyurethane) (PHU) type, rich in primary amine groups, are prepared by the polyaddition of a hydrosoluble dicyclic carbonate to a polyamine in water at room temperature under catalyst-free conditions. We highlight the importance of the choice of the polyamine on the curing rate of the formulation and on the FA capture ability of PHU. The excellent FA capturing ability of the best candidate is rationalized by investigating the action mode of the polyamine used to construct PHUs. With poly(vinyl amine), FA is covalently and permanently bound to PHU, with no release over time. The performance of the coating in FA abatement is impressive, with more than 90% of captured FA after one day of contact. The facility to prepare these transparent and colorless coatings from waterborne formulations gives access to new efficient indoor air depolluting solutions, potentially applicable to various surfaces of our living spaces (wall, ceiling, etc.).

A reversed phase HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous determination of residual formaldehyde and Triton X-100 in vaccine products

Many of the inactivated viral vaccines for human and animal use are manufactured using formaldehyde as an inactivating agent. Apart from formaldehyde, Triton X-100 is also one of the chemicals commonly used in viral vaccine manufacturing. Triton X-100 is typically used to extract the cell-associated viruses and / or components during manufacturing process. The concentration of formaldehyde and Triton X-100 in the final bulks are also reduced during vaccine purification process. Here we report a simple RP-HPLC-UV based method for the quantification of residual Triton X-100 and formaldehyde as process impurities in viral vaccines. This method is also adopted for the residual impurity determination of either formaldehyde or Triton X-100 in other non-viral vaccines, multivalent as well as sub-unit vaccines, such as liquid pentavalent, includes TT, DT, Hepatitis B (rDNA) and Haemophilus type b conjugate vaccine (adsorbed). This method is rapid and can quantify both Triton X-100 and formaldehyde in a single preparation with improved peak asymmetry. This new assay has a linearity range starting from 0.0625 to 1 µg/mL for formaldehyde and 0.625–10 µg/mL for Triton X-100. This method would be very useful for viral vaccine manufacturing and release.