Residential Style Research Articles

퍼니텍처를 통한 주거공간에서의 미니멀아트의 표현특성 구현 연구

As the efficiency and functionality are no longer important values at spaces for people, by the advancement of technology and changes in values, efficiency-oriented urban spaces are rapidly changing into experience-oriented spaces. However, the apartments, which occupy most of our residential spaces, still remain as a Standardized cuboid grid in the modern collective residential style. Compared to the commercial and cultural spaces which provide a rich spatial experience through various structures and formatives, residential spaces that created by combining the decorative symbols of furniture purchased for functions are relatively poor in terms of design. As a way to overcome the design limitations of standardized flat space, this study present the concept of a minimal art which provided a spatial experience by expanding a minimized object to the entire space. Through the case analysis of a furnitecture that has a functionality along with a volume which the concept of objects can be applied, expression characteristics which can play a 'functional role' necessary for housing, and a 'design role' as a formative object at the same time to overcome the design limitation of residential space will be studied.

Validation of CFD fire model pressure predictions for modern residential style structures

Controlled gas burner experiments were conducted in single- and two-story residential style structures instrumented with pressure transducers, thermocouples, and bi-directional probes throughout the structures. Exterior doors and window openings were vented in a controlled sequence to investigate the effect of the resulting flow paths on fire-induced flow dynamics and thermal conditions in the structures. The data collected in these experiments provides validation cases for the fire modeling community which currently lacks full-scale data from experiments in realistic residential style structures. The Fire Dynamics Simulator was used to model each scenario in a validation exercise that also investigated the sensitivity of the pressure predictions to the model parameters. The model was capable of predicting the qualitative changes in pressure measurements due to ventilation events as well as the apparent elevation of the neutral plane. Peak pressures were predicted to within 6% on average and quasi-steady static pressures were predicted to within 24% on average. The mean instantaneous error between the experimental pressures and those predicted with the “Localized Leakage” method was approximately 53% compared to 67% with the “Pressure Zone Leakage” method prior to the first ventilation event.

COVID‐19 and the Future of Management Studies. Insights from Leading Scholars

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and its medical, social and economic impacts presented profound challenges to business, government, and society It also presents management scholars with an opportunity to rethink some of our core assumptions and directions of our research In response, in the Summer of 2020, in our capacity as co- General Editors of the Journal of Management Studies, one of the foremost academic journals of management and organization studies, we commissioned short commentaries from leading management scholars

Twenty Years of Post-Soviet Union Urban Land Use Change of St. Petersburg

Since the 1990s, Russia (the former Soviet Union, FSU) has undergone radical institutional transformation and drastic economic, political, and social changes. These changes have resulted in complex transformations of the urban land-use patterns. We extracted four major urban land-use classes (residential, industrial, social well-being, and green land) before (1987) and after (2015) the transformation of St. Petersburg. In particular, we focused on residential and industrial land use. In the core and peripheral areas of St. Petersburg, we calculated the percentage of each land-use class and conducted spatial pattern analyses for 1987 and 2015. Specifically, we measured the degree of interspersion/juxtaposition, aggregation and contagion for the major land-use classes in the study area. Results indicated that St. Petersburg experienced significant urban land restructuring from 1987 to 2015. While the city retained some urban land structure from before FSU, it showed trajectories of urban development similar to those of developed counties in Western Europe. The FSU period was the main stage of the outward expansion of urban administrative boundaries. The process of deindustrialization in the urban core during the post-Soviet Union period lagged behind other international cities. The most significant change in the urban land-use pattern was suburbanization in the peripheral area. The suburbanization of St. Petersburg was different from that of other developed countries in that it had its own unique characteristics, both in the residential style and in the resident class. Russia's institutional transformation had strong impacts on urban land-use patterns in the post-Soviet Union period, thus providing a rich practical and theoretical basis for analyzing new models of urban land-use change.

노인여가시설 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인 연구 : 앤더슨 모형 적용

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of people using senior centers and kyungrodang.BR The results of this study are as follows: First, the Chi-square test of the characteristics of the elderly using the senior centers and the kyungrodang showed that the gender, age, residential style, education level, residential area, and purpose of using the elderly’s leisure facility were statistically significant.BR Second, in the Predisposing Factors, it was found that the kyungrodang utilization rate were higher than the senior centers in the case of an elderly people who own male and house. but the elderly people who the education level is lower were higher using senior centers.BR Third, in the Enabling Factors, the elderly people living in

A Study on the Patterns of the Four-pillar-type Dwelling Structures of Mahan-Baekje in Jeonbuk Province

본고에서는 전북지역에서 조사된 마한·백제 주거유적 가운데 사주식(四柱式)의 구조 속성을 가진 주거지의 분포와 양상을 개괄적으로 살펴보고자 한다. 전북지역은 마한과 백제의 古土로써, 두 세력집단이 공존한 정치·문화적 점이지대였기 때문에 주거문화의 경우에서도 상호교류를 통한 건축기술을 습득하거나 수용하였을 것으로 짐작하고 있다. 사주식 주거지는 마한의 특징적인 주거양식으로 인식되어 왔지만 백제(계)의 수혈주거지에서도 사주식 구조 속성이 확인되며, 분포범위 또한 경기도와 경남 일부 지역까지 확대되고 있다. 전북지역에서 사주식 주거지가 가장 성행하는 권역은 서부평야권역으로 볼 수 있다. 특히 김제, 부안, 고창지역의 사주식 주거지에서는 백제계 주거문화 속성이 거의 확인되지 않고 있어 출현시기에 있어서도 가장 이를 것으로 생각된다. 점토제부뚜막에서 판석재부뚜막으로 노 시설의 변화가 나타나고 삼족기, 고배, 단경호 등 백제의 유물이 출토되는 백제(계) 사주식 주거지는 익산을 중심으로 하는 서북부평야지역에서 출현이 감지되며, 미륵산-모악산으로 연결되는 교통로를 통해 정읍지역까지 확산되고 일부는 노령산맥을 넘어 섬진강 유역으로 확산된 것으로 추정하고 있다. 즉 비사주식 주거지와 사주식 주거지 모두 전북지역 마한의 재지문화이며 백제계 주거 요소를 수용하면서 사주식 주거지 내에서 노 시설과 출토유물의 변화가 나타나는 것으로 추정된다. 주거지 내 사주의 설치 면적은 총 주거면적의 20%∼40% 내의 범위에 집중되어 있다. 따라서 주거지의 면적 증가율과 사주의 설치면적은 무관하며, 오히려 중대형의 주거지로 갈수록 사주의 면적이 줄어드는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 전북지역의 사주식 주거지는 전북 서부평야지역을 중심으로 확산하는 것으로 추정되고 있다. 중심 성행시기는 기원후 3∼5세기 대이며, 백제계 주거문화의 속성이 거의 확인되지 않는 김제·부안·고창지역의 사주식 주거지가 가장 이를 것으로 생각된다. 사주식 주거지의 발생과 사주 축조기술에는 당시의 문화상과 정치체의 영향력이 반영되었을 것으로 생각되며, 취락 내 거주민의 선택권에 의해 받아들여져 축조되었을 가능성도 생각해 보고 있다.Attempts are made in this paper to take a overview over the distribution and patterns of the four-pillar-type dwelling structures as investigated from the relics of the Mahan/Baekje residential districts in Jeonbuk province. Jeonbuk area is the old land of Mahan and Baekje where the two groups of forces coexisted like a political and cultural transition zone in which, it is assumed, they learned or accepted the architectural technology from each other through mutual exchanges in the area of residential culture. Although the four-pillar-type dwelling structure has been recognized as a characteristic residential style of Mahan, the characters of the four-pillar-type dwelling structure are found even in Baekje s pit-type settlement, and the distribution is extended upto Gyeonggi and part of Gyeongnam provinces. The western plain area in Jeonbuk, above all, is believed to be the one where the four-pillar-type dwelling structure was most frequently practiced. Particularly in the four-pillar-type dwelling sites in Gimje, Buan and Gochang areas, the characteristics of Baekje-style dwelling culture are seldom confirmed, suggesting that its time of appearance is the earliest among them. There was a change in kiln facilities from clay-made fireplace to flagstone one. As for the four-pillar-type dwelling structure of Baekje style with which such relics of Baekje as tripod vessel, high-heeled cup, pot-belly jar, etc. were unearthed, it begins to appear in the northwest plains with Iksan in center. It is estimated that the structure of that style had spread upto the Jeongeup area through the traffic route of Mireuk-Moak Mountains and some of the style advanced even to the Seomjin River basin beyond the Noryeong Mountain Range. In other words, it can be presumed that both the four-pillar-type and the non-four-pillar-type dwelling structures must be a residential culture of Mahan in Jeonbuk province and that there were changes in kiln facilities and excavated artifacts within the four-pillar-type residential area which accommodated dwelling elements of Baekje style. The installation size of the four-pillar-type structure in residential area is mainly 20% ~ 40% of the total area. Therefore, there seems no relation between the increasing percentage of the residential area and the installation size of the four-pillar-type structure, and it is shown that the size of the four-pillar-type structure decreases as the dwelling site grows to middle and large size. It is thought that the four-pillar-type residential area in Jeonbuk province had spread around the western plains area. It is also estimated that the four-pillar-type structure was most prevalent from the 3rd to the 5th century AD. It is believed that the four-pillar-type residential structure in Gimje, Buan, and Gochang was the earliest one since the characteristics of Baekje residential culture were hardly recognized there. It is therefore judged that the development and construction technology of the four-pillar-type residence might have reflected the influences of the culture and politics of that time, and we do not exclude the possibility that such type of residence must have been accepted and built by the choice of residents in the settlements.

Reexamination of Japanese Dolmen Culture based on Relevance to Korea

Dolmens in Japan are concentrated in the northwestern region of Kyushu which is closest to the Korean Peninsula, which make themselves as important materials for understanding the relationship between Korea and Japan in ancient times as their geopolitical locations. There are different views about the spread of dolmen between Korea and Japan. In other words, the view that the aboriginal people of Japan only accepted the dolmen culture is strong in Japanese academic circles while Korean academic circles see the cultural elements such as the migration of residents from the southern region of the Korean peninsula, farming, residential style, and dolmen have a close connection. Japanese academic circles have not been enthusiastic about analyzing the relevance of the persons buried in dolmens in Japan to Korea. This is not unrelated to the climate of avoiding the study on the genealogy of Korean and Japanese people as a reaction of nationalism in the Japanese academic circles after the Second World War. This study intended to bring attention to the importance of Japanese dolmen culture in ancient Japanese society by highlighting Korean cultural elements that had been overlooked and revealing how the dolmen culture became naturalized in Japan based on the analysis on the background in which the dolmens were spread, the phases through which they were spread, and the properties of dolmens in detail in different views, away from the existing two-dimensional view. In short, the dolmens in Japan are the cultural elements that the immigrants from the southern region of Korea spread with rice farming while settling down in Kyushu and are considered to have had an enormous impact on the rise of the Yayoi culture, which is the basis for the growth of the ancient societies of Japan.

A study on the living environment of Bangladeshi foreign residents in Kita‐ku, Tokyo: Influence on the concentrated area in a receiving country of migrant workers from chain migration based on international labor movement

AbstractThis study focused on Bangladeshi foreign residents as a case study of an ethnic group. It aimed to clarify the influence on the living environment from the concentration of foreign residents in Kita‐ku, Tokyo. Bangladeshi foreign residents have concentrated in Urban Renaissance (UR) rental housing based on the ethnic network of social classes. At the same time, there has been expansion of living facilities based on Bangladesh culture in the area surrounding the housing estates. The foreign residents’ residential style has gradually transitioned from temporary single migration to long‐term family settlement. The local government of the area has required deep understanding and quick response in support of foreign residents to prevent the social problem of spatial and social segregation.

Basic Study on Term of Warranty Liability for Water Supply, Drainage, and Sanitation Arrangement Work Defect in Apartment Building

The defect lawsuit of the apartment which is the representative residential style of Korea continues and becomes a social problem. In the defect lawsuit, the term of warranty liability is a period that can demand the defect repair according to defect occurrence, and the exclusion period of the exercise of rights. However, the term of warranty liability stipulated in relevant laws such as Enforcement Decree of the Housing Act is being changed arbitrarily, without any established grounds. Therefore, a reasonable standard for establishing the term of warranty liability is required. In this study, the defects of water supply, drainage and sanitation arrangement work were studied. As a result of analyzing the number of defect occurrence in the apartment, it was shown that the defects in water supply, drainage and sanitation arrangement work occurred more than 80% in the 1st ∼ 2nd year after completion. However, the occurrence of defects from the 3rd year was extremely slight. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the defect occurrence continued until fairly late point of time as the end point of time of the defects was in the 7th to 9th years.

The Opportunistic House for Tehran: A Design Prototype

This article is an advocacy research for Tehran, promoting an implication of architectural design as a tool for citizen empowerment and positive environmental change. In the article, I am offering a fresh look at Tehran's housing problems by speculating an "opportunistic house” typology as a residential style that would serve much more than just shelter. I am making a case for a new house prototype that applies socially-equitable solutions in design. My study finds applications and significance beyond plain housing design and, mainly, onto the design of ad hoc urban public realm spaces. This is in accord with my overarching mission of supporting new way of thinking about, and ultimately offering, welcoming, safe, and energized places for Tehran's citizens. These will additionally have important implications for inhospitable public spaces worldwide. This research is grounded in my prior, multidisciplinary doctoral studies. The article itself is an initial step in my ongoing research design, of helping to build and revitalize a wide range of urban communities by nurturing their relationship to their built and natural environments. The article is a discussion around the following questions. How can housing design inventions empower citizens? In what manner can design offer progressive living place options whose services go beyond shelter needs? Particularly, in what ways can domestic spaces be designed to also embody other-than-living capacities, for example, for new kinds of public spaces? And eventually, what could a prototype of the opportunistic house look like in the context of a city like Tehran? The article is structured to first present a brief survey of how Tehran house forms and functions have developed historically, with more emphasis on their current state. It will then offer examples of opportunistic uses of domestic spaces in Tehran. This notion is communicated through narrative analysis and photographic vignettes from a few Iranian films. Through the selection, I show, for example, how and where informal economies are shaping inside Tehran apartments. Next, the article will identify possibilities and spaces in current houses that are and have the potentials to be used in resourceful ways. Based on the steps indicated, analyzing people needs and artifact interpretations, I will conclude with a design proposal of a new infill apartment house. The final proposal will include theoretical statements about possible design interventions and a visual prototypical elaboration through imageries and conceptual renderings. The resultant prototype becomes one example of possible houses that could serve as catalysts for informative, inspiring, and state- of-the-art practices, a precedent in Tehran for others to build upon.

The User Scenario Development of a Residential Area Style U-City Experience Zone in Sejong City based on Persona Model

The User Scenario Development of a Residential Area Style U-City Experience Zone in Sejong City based on Persona Model

중국 오림향 조선족 주거공간에 대한 연구

The purpose of this study is its residential spaces through the analysis of exterior space and interior space at Wu-lin Village(烏林屯) in Jiao-he, China. The method of this study is to search for documentation, interview, residents, make a survey of these villages about immigration history, surroundings, topographical keynotes, administration system, residential number, residential style, site composition, etc. The residents moved from Yen-bien and Jiao-he in China etc. The ancestor moved from North of Gyeong-Sang Province in South of Korea, North of Ham-Gyeong Province in North of Korea etc. The main road divides the village into two parts: the north quarter, Wu-lin Village, typified by the Chinese house, and the south quarter, You-Yi Village(友誼村), typified by the Korean-Chinese house. The houses is compose of main building and an accessory building. The main building looking south. The vegetable garden is around main buildings. The main building is compose of an On-dol room(a hot-floored room) and a kitchen, a corridor etc.

생활특성과 착의량에 따른 바닥복사난방 공간의 열쾌적 범위 및 에너지 사용량에 관한 연구

Abstract - The purpose of this study is to provide the thermal comfort range according to the residential style and clothing level at radiant floor heating space, and co mpare the annual energy consumption and energy cost for each condition. Lower neutral point temperature has been stood for floor sitting style than chair sitting style, which appears that the thermal sensation w as affected by local heat transfer between floor surface and the human body. The result of research indica tes that neutral point temperature was in inverse proportion with the clothing level. It is interpreted t hat the increasing of clothing level results decrement of heat loss from human body, and is available to ach ieve same thermal comfort at lower room temperature. It was analyzed that the floor sitting style is mo re economical residential style than the chair sitting style, because the energy consumption of the floor sitt ing style is saved by 6.0% in average to compare with that of the chair sitting style. It is analyzed th at energy consumption has been decreased by 13.5% with the clothing level of 1.2 Clo than with that of 1 .0 Clo, and decreased by 18.0% than with that of 0.8 Clo, which explains that the energy saving can be achieved with the variation in life habit to increase the clothing level.

생활특성에 따른 바닥복사난방 공간의 열쾌적 범위에 관한 연구

생활특성에 따른 바닥복사난방 공간의 열쾌적 범위에 관한 연구

Relationship Between Built Environment, Physical Activity, Adiposity, and Health in Adults Aged 46-80 in Shanghai, China.

Seldom studies are about the relationship between built environment and physical activity, weight, and health outcome in meso- and microscales. 1100 residents aged 46 to 80 were recruited from 80 neighborhoods of 13 selected communities of Shanghai, China. An analysis of the relationship between dependent variables (physical activity, Body Mass Index [BMI], overweight/obesity, weight, and health outcomes) and independent variables (involved a geographic-information-system-derived measure of built environment) was conducted with hierarchical linear models. Street connectivity was positively associated with physical activity (P < .01). River proximity was inversely related with overweight/obesity (P = .0220). Parkland and square proximity have a significant relationship with physical activity (P = .0270, .0010), BMI (P = .0260, .0130), and overweight/obesity (P = .0020, .0470). Land-use mix was positively associated with physical activity (P < .01) and inversely associated with BMI (P = .0240) and overweight/obesity (P = .0440). Green and open spaces were positively related with BMI (P < .01) and health status (P < .01). For residential style, residents living in a village were more likely to have a lower BMI and overweight/obesity than those living in an urban old or newer residential building. The direct effect of square proximity is much stronger than the indirect effect on BMI through physical activity. The findings can help planners build more pedestrian-friendly communities. They are also useful for creating interventions that are sensitive to possible environmental barriers to physical activity in older adults.

Conceptualization and development of the Household/Neighborhood Model for skilled nursing facilities: A case study

The conceptualization of the Household/Neighborhood Model for skilled nursing facilities began in 1987 at Evergreen Retirement Community in Oshkosh, WI, USA in the search for the “perfect” nursing home. Being able to see perfection required being freed from the mental constraints of regulations, reimbursement systems, and existing staff training programs so that visionary thinking was possible. Conceptualization was followed by a pilot project to test various aspects of the vision. The result was (1) a management philosophy built on Continuous Quality Improvement, (2) a team-based organization structure, (3) cross-functional staff roles, (4) social-model activity programming, and (5) a residential style physical setting that won strong support from the State of Wisconsin. With this support, we had the opportunity to open in 1997 the first full-scale model of a Household/Neighborhood in the United States based upon providing “resident and relationship centered services and care”. The model was validated through a year-long evaluative research study. In 2004 we opened a second full-scale model incorporating significant improvements identified through experience. The opportunity to further develop the model has been provided through its adoption in China by China Senior Care, which will open their first facility in 2014.

Transforming Municipal Waste into a Valuable Soil Conditioner through Knowledge-Based Resource-Recovery Management

Guam is a small, isolated tropical island in the western Pacific with a population of over 160,000 people. Although population growth and life style have been shown to have strong effects on the character and generation of waste, very little is known about consumption patterns and behavior of the people of Guam in this regard. Currently landfilling is the only discard method available to the island. Placement of huge volumes of organic waste material in landfills not only causes environmental problems for the island but in fact constitutes loss of valuable resources that could be composted and made available for land application as a soil amendment in forest lands, farm fields, and home gardens. Composting on the other hand reduces both the volume and the mass of the raw material while transforming it into a valuable soil conditioner. Here we present some of the results of survey questionnaires that was developed and conducted over the past two years that is anticipated to help waste operating managers and decision makers to determine societal consumption behavior and residential life style as the first step toward development of an effective waste-management strategy for the island of Guam. In this regards, we are also presenting an example of a large scale composting method developed in Isfahan, Iran, for recycling of organic wastes of municipal origin.

Social motivation and residential style in prairie and meadow voles

The residential style of rodents varies across and within species from colonial to solitary and territorial (1). A mechanism that supports this behavioral distinction might be differential levels of social motivation rather than explicit species-typical social behavior. Accordingly, socially motivated animals learn seeking behavior that leads to a colonial residential pattern and socially unmotivated animals do not learn this behavior and remain solitary. The present experi- ments test this hypothesis by measuring social motivation in a gregarious social species of vole, the prairie vole, and in a solitary species, the meadow vole. Although their explicit social behavior was similar, Prairie voles readily learned to per- form an instrumental response for access to a target vole while meadow voles did not. Neither the estrus status nor the sex of the target affected instrumental responding in either species. In sum, differential social motivation may contribute to distinctive residential patterns in rodents.

Again Study Evolution of Residential Architecture Regional Style Taking Xi'an as the Example

The research object of this paper is Xi'an residential architecture. On the base of surveying evolution of its regional style, the paper divides Xi'an residential architectural style development stage into five parts, and analyses the responding regional style. It hopes that the paper will inspire development of Xi'an architectural regional style.

Behavioral Mapping of Residents’ Activity in Five Residential Style Care Centers for Elderly Persons Diagnosed with Dementia: Small Differences in Sites Can Affect Behaviors

The principal purpose of the study was to investigate the day-long patterns of activity of residents and staff in five similar care centers for people with Alzheimer's disease. The Therapeutic Environment Assessment Scale provided an architectural basis for assessing the significance of activity data gathered through behavior mapping. Slight architectural differences contributed to effects that were large and enduring, producing as much as a 50% differences between sites in the portion of residents involved. Taken together, the results suggest that resident status, use patterns, and architectural design details of a homelike residential setting have significant effects on the daily activities of residents.