Residential Settlement Patterns Research Articles

Residential Settlement Patterns among Immigrants in Atlanta Metropolitan Area, Georgia

This study investigates the diversity of immigrant populations and their spatial residential patterns at the census tract level within twenty‐nine counties of the Atlanta Metropolitan Statistical Area (), using 2013 American Community Survey () five‐year estimates summary data from 2008–2012. Correlations coefficient analyses with local job opportunities, education level, and English proficiency and the presence of foreign‐born populations are also discussed. We find that immigrants have different patterns of settlement depending on their place of birth and region of origin. Local job opportunities, dominant language at home, and education levels also relate to the distribution of foreign‐born populations. Further research opportunities concerning differential settlement are discussed.

“Planning Dissonance” and the Bases for Stably Diverse Neighborhoods: The Case of South Seattle

Recent scholarship has focused extensively on the rise of diverse neighborhoods in U.S. cities. Nevertheless, the theoretical frameworks we have for describing residential settlement patterns generally treat diversity as an unstable and transitory period that is the product of a unidirectional pressure towards segregation. In our analysis of six diverse neighborhoods in Southeast Seattle, we find evidence of processes at multiple scales that not only maintain diversity, but actually reinforce it. From individual decisions about property ownership to broader patterns of regional disinvestment, we find empirical evidence that indicates a need for a more complex theorization of the processes that create and sustain diverse neighborhoods. In our preliminary theorization of these conditions, we call for a conceptualization of residential settlement patterns that is explicitly multiscalar and recognizes a wider range of cultural, economic, and political relations as central to the production of observed patterns of neighborhood settlement.

Public Schools and Ghetto Formation in Interwar New Orleans

In New Orleans, racially segregated schools played a central role in the creation of racially distinct neighborhoods beginning with the school building boom that followed World War I. Focusing on the Tremé, Central City, and Broadmoor neighborhoods, this article demonstrates that schools figured prominently in debates over the future of racially mixed neighborhoods, in the formation of isolated black ghettoes, and in the development of white enclaves. In doing so, the article addresses a gap in the historiography of American metropolitan change, which generally overlooks the impact of schools and school policies upon urban development and residential settlement patterns.

A Tale of Two Global Cities: The State of Asian Americans in Los Angeles and New York

At the national level, the Asian American population has grown more than any other major race group. According to the 2010 Census, the Los Angeles metro area had 2,199,186 Asians, making it the home to the largest Asian population in the United States. Following close behind was the New York City metro area with 2,008,906 Asians. Over a quarter of the 14.7 million Asian Americans reside in either of the two greater metropolitan regions, where they comprise around a tenth of the total population in each metropolis. We begin with a brief historical overview of immigration legislation that has both invited and excluded Asian Americans, as a means of understanding how Asian Americans have been perceived over time. We will also compare some key characteristics of Asian American populations in Los Angeles County, New York City, the Balance of LA Combined Statistical Area (CSA) (excluding Los Angeles County), and the Balance of NYC CSA (excluding New York City), and the Balance of the United States. The paper will cover: (1) demographic trends and patterns (2) economic status (3) political engagement and incorporation, and (4) residential settlement patterns. We close with a discussion of how these demographic changes have contributed to Asian Americans rapid social, economic, and political upward mobility in the last decade, at a time when the global restructuring of the economy has blurred nation-state boundaries that once existed and migration from Asia to the United States has become more complex, particularly over the past two decades.

Teaching and Learning Guide for: Racial Residential Segregation in Urban America

Teaching and Learning Guide for: Racial Residential Segregation in Urban America

Delayed Spatial Assimilation: Multigenerational Incorporation of the Mexican–Origin Population in Los Angeles

This article examines the nature and degree of spatial integration across generations among young adults of Mexican origin in metropolitan Los Angeles. Drawing on a new, unique data set that covers more than four generations of persons of Mexican origin, the research tests the extent to which residential settlement patterns follow two potential trajectories: one specified by a model of traditional spatial assimilation, which views economic and ethnic integration as increasing steadily across generations, or a new model of delayed spatial assimilation, which depicts residential mobility as stalling for a generation or more, in part because of intergenerational family obligations up through the second generation. While individual–level socioeconomic characteristics tend to rise uniformly in support of the classic assimilation model, neighborhood–level evidence shows that substantial spatial integration does not emerge until the third generation—a finding supporting the delayed assimilation model. Also, generational differences in the proportion Anglo of respondents’ neighborhoods outpace differences in median income. These results are consistent with the idea that delayed spatial assimilation involves an additional early phase of incorporation for those of Mexican origin.

9. Models for Generalized Location Systems

A formal framework is introduced for a general class of assignment systems that can be used to characterize a range of social phenomena. An exponential family of distributions is developed for modeling such systems, allowing for the incorporation of both attributional and relational covariates. Methods are shown for simulation and inference using the location system model. Two illustrative applications (occupational stratification and residential settlement patterns) are presented, and simulation is employed to show the behavior of the location system model in each case; a third application, involving occupancy of positions within an organization, is used to demonstrate inference for the location system. By leveraging established results in the fields of social network analysis, spatial statistics, and statistical mechanics, it is argued that sociologists can model complex social systems without sacrificing inferential tractability.

Disaggregate spatio-temporal assessments of population exposure to aircraft noise

Estimates of exposure to aircraft noise are generally based on an average day of operations and residential population figures. While providing a convenient way to condense information, this does not reflect noise experiences across the day. This paper details an approach to inject more reality into exposure assessments, using disaggregate geographic information systems-based flight movement data and a procedure to track the population over the day. Using empirical evidence from Sydney, this leads to markedly different insights about noise impacts, which in turn has ramifications for policy-makers planning flight operations and residential settlement patterns in impacted areas.

After the Exodus: The New Catholics in Boston's Old Ethnic Neighborhoods

AbstractThis article contributes to the growing body of work on the impact of religious institutions on the identities and experiences of new immigrants from the Caribbean, Latin America, and Asia. Drawing from ethnographic research on Haitian immigrants in Boston, I find a relationship between initial residential settlement patterns and the location of Catholic churches. Following Gerald Gamm'sUrban Exodus: Why Jews Left Boston and the Catholics Stayed, I argue that Haitian immigrants who arrived in Boston in the 1960s were attracted to certain neighborhoods despite the racial climate because they were Catholic. In addition to the influence of rules governing membership and religious authority, I show that Haitians turned to a Catholic narrative of their experience in Boston because being Catholic was the most acceptable way of being Haitian in that social context.

Neighbourhood Attainment and Residential Segregation Among Toronto's Visible Minorities

The social complexion of Toronto's urban landscape has been irreversibly altered since the 1960s as new waves of migrants from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America have replaced traditional white European migrant flows. We examine the very different residential settlement patterns of Toronto's three largest racial minorities - Blacks, Chinese and South Asians. Unlike previous studies based on aggregate level data and ecological correlations, we assess the capacity of conventional spatial assimilation theory to account for these differences with locational attainment models estimated with micro-data from the 1996 Census of Canada. We conclude that the residential settlement patterns of South Asians and, strikingly, Blacks fit the expectations of the conventional spatial assimilation model rather well. Initial settlement is in disadvantaged immigrant enclaves from which longer-term, more successful migrants subsequently exit as they purchase homes in more affluent neighbourhoods. Although Toronto's black neighbourhoods are decidedly poorer than other minority neighbourhoods most Blacks do not live in these neighbourhoods. In contrast, Chinese immigrants move quickly to purchase homes in somewhat more affluent and enduring ethnic communities. We show that rather than being historically novel, however, the Chinese are replicating the settlement pattern of earlier Southern European, especially Italian, immigrants and for much the same reasons - relative advantage in the housing market and low levels of language assimilation.

Latino/White and Latino/Black Segregation in the Southeastern United States: Findings from Census 2000

Examining the spatial dispersion of immigrant and ethnic groups in urban settings can provide insight into the social and political relations between these groups and the majority populations with which they share urban space. With the recognition from Census 2000 that Latinos and Blacks comprise nearly the same proportion of the country's total population, issues surrounding residential settlement patterns of Latinos vis-à-vis Whites and Blacks demand greater attention from geographers. Utilizing the dissimilarity index as a measure of residential segregation, this paper investigates the changes in Latino/White and Latino/Black segregation from 1990 to 2000 for 74 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the southeastern United States. In addition to concluding that Latino/White segregation has increased on average while Latino/Black segregation has declined, positive associations between overall population growth as well as Latino population growth and the Latino/White dissimilarity indices emerged. Finally, an inverse relationship with reference to Latino/Black segregation exists and begets questions of what forces are driving these extant urban geographies.

Changing ruralities, changing landscapes: exploring social recomposition using a multi-scale approach

Changes in agricultural practices have led to declines in the farming population and significant changes within the landscape. Paradoxically, many rural areas are recording significant demographic growth. Given the extent of rural areas experiencing these changes, little attention has been devoted to the relationship between rural migration processes and landscape developments. Therefore, the various rural dynamics resulting from these phenomena merit closer investigation. Moreover, we should explore these complex processes at scales where they are most evident. Through the multi-scale research approach used in this study, these processes are investigated in their regional, local, and domestic contexts. As shown by regional typological outlines, the great diversity of the rural areas indicates an increasing dissociation between the agricultural and socio-demographic trajectories. From our local-scale study, changes in lot occupation revealed new residential settlement patterns induced by an influx of in-migrants. Specific landscape characteristics seem to be a determining force shaping these population flows. At the same time, these population movements have dissimilar influences on evolving landscape dynamics. With the exception of isolated agricultural abandonment trajectories, migrant relocation does not seem to affect specific local-scale land use development. However, it is significantly associated with individual domestic practices. These practices are indicative of the migrant's identity in the rural landscape; further, they suggest specific values for the landscape's qualitative dimensions. These emerging urban and non-farming interests in rural landscapes challenge planning policies to guide the landscape's evolution for the benefit of its “producers” and “consumers”.

Immigrant Place Entrepreneurs in Los Angeles, 1970–99

Proclamations of the death of Los Angeles’ growth machine are premature. These proclamations overlook the growing role of immigrant Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs in regional property development. Since 1970, Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs have seriously restructured Los Angeles’ morphology, creating hierarchically arranged residential and business clusters for co–ethnic immigrants. Koreatown and Monterey Park are the brand names most familiar to outsiders, but these prominent localities really coexist with a multiplicity of less well–known ethnic communities that owe their origins to immigrant property developers. The immigrant property developers use the classic methods of the growth machine: buy land cheaply, promote it in Chinese or Korean emigration basins, then sell it to co–ethnic immigrants at a profit. In the process, the immigrant property developers reduce the difficulty of immigration to Los Angeles at the same time that they enhance its perceived desirability. The success of the Chinese and Korean developers highlights the hazard of assuming, as is conventionally done, that ethnic residential clustering arises from leaderless social processes. In both these highlighted cases, entrepreneurial elites created residential clusters of co–ethnics from conscious, long–term plans that required political as well as economic savoir–faire. In so doing, the immigrant property developers joined the Los Angeles growth machine whose fortunes, admittedly, have been waning among the native born population of the region.La mort annoncée de la dynamique de croissance de Los Angeles est prématurée. Ce serait oublier le rôle grandissant des chefs d’entreprise immigrés coréens et chinois dans l’aménagement immobilier régional. Depuis 1970, ces entrepreneurs ont considérablement restructuré la morphologie de Los Angeles, créant des ‘agglomérats’ commerciaux et résidentiels hiérarchisés pour migrants de m?me ethnie. Si Koreatown et Monterey Park sont des noms bien connus des étrangers, ces lieux dominants coexistent en réalité avec une multiplicité de communautés ethniques moins renommées qui doivent leurs origines à des promoteurs immigrés. Ces derniers appliquent les mécanismes classiques de la prospérité: acheter le terrain bon marché, le promouvoir dans des bassins d’émigration chinois ou coréens, puis le vendre à profità des immigrants co–ethniques. Ainsi, les promoteurs immigrés facilitent l’immigration vers Los Angeles tout en en accentuant l’aspect attractif. La réussite des aménageurs chinois et coréens souligne le risque qu’il y a à supposer, comme bien souvent, que tout regroupement résidentiel ethnique naît de processus sociaux non dirigés. Dans les deux cas exposés, les élites commerciales ont créé des regroupements résidentiels de m?me ethnie selon des plans délibérés à long terme, impliquant un savoir–faire à la fois politique et économique. Ce faisant, les promoteurs immigrés ont rejoint la dynamique de croissance de Los Angeles qui, il est vrai, a vu décliner les succès au sein de sa population de souche.

Trends in rural landscape development and sociodemographic recomposition in southern Quebec (Canada)

Farming production currently leaves vast stretches of land to other functions. At the same time, rural areas are becoming residential places for a growing number of urban migrants. The landscape developments that result from these changes must be more closely examined. To what extent does the influx of a new rural population change or maintain local landscape dynamics? To what degree do landscape contexts appear to influence the settlement choices of new rural residents? Is it possible to identify recurring sociodemographic profiles with regard to these residents? From a detailed analysis of settlement evolution in a territory located in southern Quebec, this study attempts to reveal the relationships existing between social recomposition and landscape developments. Based on three distinct but complementary readings (in situ visual analysis, land use change analysis (1968–1997) and sociodemographic information surveys), and on the possibilities generated by multivariate analysis, it aims to identify: (1) residential settlement patterns according to landscape contexts and (2) local landscape transformations. On the one hand, results suggest that specific sociodemographic recomposition movements do not spread uniformly throughout the study area. They lead to believe that some landscape contexts (upper hillside, panoramic views and woodlots) constitute determining factors of attractiveness. On the other hand, the diversity of local landscape dynamics (significant or moderate persistence of agricultural activities; advanced agricultural abandon; transitional agricultural lots; and residential development lots) suggests that complex phenomena link social recomposition processes with large-scale agricultural land use transformations. While establishing a framework of analysis appropriate for exploring the diversity and the complexity of current landscape changes, this paper emphasizes the necessity of considering local landscape developments along with social dynamics. This approach helps to better document the evolution of rural communities, as well as to provide insight into the shaping of future rural landscapes.

8: The Role of Nativity and Ethnicity in the Residential Settlement Patterns of Blacks in New York City, 1970–1990

Center for Migration Studies special issuesVolume 16, Issue 3 p. 109-136 Free Access 8: The Role of Nativity and Ethnicity in the Residential Settlement Patterns of Blacks in New York City, 1970–1990 Arun Peter Lobo, Arun Peter LoboSearch for more papers by this authorJoseph J. Salvo, Joseph J. SalvoSearch for more papers by this author Arun Peter Lobo, Arun Peter LoboSearch for more papers by this authorJoseph J. Salvo, Joseph J. SalvoSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 July 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-411X.2000.tb00265.xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume16, Issue3Special Issue: Immigration Today: Pastoral and Research ChallengesMay 2000Pages 109-136 ReferencesRelatedInformation

"Narrow and Filthy Alleys of the City"?: The Residential Settlement Patterns of Black Southern Migrants to the North

Considerable effort has been devoted to understanding the social, economic, and cultural forces thatproduced the Great Migration and to descibing the success ofsouthern African American migrants upon their arrival in the North. In contrast, relatively little research has examined the settlementpatterns of southern migrants. This article uses the 1970 Neighborhood Characteristics Public Use Microdata Sample to determine whether migrants were more likely than northern-born blacks to reside in neighborhoods that (1) were more highly segregated, (2) had morefamilies living in poverty, and (3) were characterized by higher levels offamily instability. The results reveal that, on average, recent migrantsfrom the South resided in the best neighborhoods, thatpast migrants were located in the worst neighborhoods, and that northern-born blacksfell between the two migrant groups. Recent migrants also received the greatest locational returns to human capital characteristics such as education and employment.

"Narrow and Filthy Alleys of the City"?: The Residential Settlement Patterns of Black Southern Migrants to the North

"Narrow and Filthy Alleys of the City"?: The Residential Settlement Patterns of Black Southern Migrants to the North

Racial Attraction or Racial Avoidance in American Suburbs?

The principle of homophily is central to several social-science theories. When applied to the study of population change in geographic areas these theories predict racial homogeneity in residential settlement patterns. The concentration of one group in an area is expected to attract same-group members while deterring others. We examine this prediction using data on 1980-90 population change for four ethnic groups in 1672 U.S. suburban cities. The findings from our analysis contradict the principle of homophily. For example during the 1980s black populations grew faster in those suburbs that had smaller rather than larger percentages of blacks. We explain these findings by spatial-assimilation and place-stratification models. Minority suburbanization is viewed as a process driven primarily by status rather than by ethnic considerations. (EXCERPT)

Racial Attraction or Racial Avoidance in American Suburbs?

The principle of homophily is central to several social-science theories. When applied to the study of population change in geographic areas, these theories predict racial homogeneity in residential settlement patterns. The concentration of one group in an area is expected to attract same-group members while deterring others. We examine this prediction using data on 1980–90 population change for four ethnic groups in 1,672 U.S. suburban cities. The findings from our analysis contradict the principle of homophily. For example, during the 1980s, black populations grew faster in those suburbs that had smaller, rather than larger, percentages of blacks. We explain these findings by spatial-assimilation and place-stratification models. Minority suburbanization is viewed as a process driven primarily by status rather than by ethnic considerations.

Social Stratification and Environmental Degradation: Understanding Household CO<sub>2</sub> Production

Arguing against the economic model of consumer sovereignty that is assumed in policy discourse concerning the environmental effects of consumer demand, this analysis explores the social origins of one consumption-based environmental problem (greenhouse gas emissions), and considers the social impact of carbon tax proposals aimed at slowing global warming. It uses data on household-level energy consumption in California to show patterned variation in energy use and carbon emissions among households. This variation is accounted for by social class and life cycle differences in housing, appliances, travel, and lifestyle—the cultural expressions of a materialized social structure. A comparison of the economic impact of alternative carbon tax proposals shows that tax rates designed to significantly reduce global emissions would also differentially increase energy costs, with regressive effects upon low- and moderate-income households. Despite the possibility of compensating energy subsidies, caveats are offered based on the history of federally funded low-income energy assistance programs in the United States. Carbon taxes are not simple substitutes for social class and life cycle-appropriate policies designed to: (1) equitably increase the efficiency of housing and household technology, (2) reshape residential settlement patterns, and (3) fundamentally improve the transportation system in the United States.