Residential Housing Research Articles

A hybrid machine learning approach for forecasting residential electricity consumption: A case study in Singapore

Ensuring effective forecasting of buildings' energy consumption is crucial in establishing a greater understanding and improvement of buildings' energy efficiency. In Singapore, domestic electricity usage in public residential buildings takes up a significant portion of the country's annual energy consumption. Having effective forecasting approaches is thus important in supporting relevant strategies and policy making. In this research, we proposed a hybrid approach that was based on a combination of building characteristics and urban landscape variables to predict residential housing electricity usage in Singapore. XGboost was also incorporated inside the hybrid approach as the preferred machine learning approach for energy consumption predictions. To demonstrate our proposed approach's predictive strength, the performance of our proposed hybrid machine learning approach was compared with two other models, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model and the Random Forest (RF) model. Results showed that our proposed hybrid model had outperformed these abovementioned approaches with higher accuracy (r2 value of 0.9). The proposed approach had thus been effective in forecasting electricity consumption for public housing in Singapore, and it could also be utilised in other similar urban areas for future electricity consumption forecasting.

A Study of Grid-Connected Residential PV-Battery Systems in Mongolia

For national energy capacity improvement and CO2 emission reductions, Mongolia has focused its attention on grid-connected residential PV systems. Due to the feed-in tariff (FIT), the aggregated residential PV systems are expected to increase with the PV penetration level. Currently, there is no power injection limitation in Mongolia. A new policy for the PV penetration level of residential PV systems needs to be developed. This study analyzed the techno-economic performances of distributed PV-battery systems, considering PV generation, the historical load demand, and the tariff structure. We studied the performances of 40 combinations of PV sizes (2 kW–9 kW) and battery capacities (4.4 kWh, 6.6 kWh, 10 kWh, 12 kWh, and 15 kWh) to find feasible system sizes. The aggregated PV-battery systems in a low-voltage (LV) distribution system located in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, are also discussed. The results show that six combinations satisfied the technical and economic requirements. The maximum profit was determined to be an NPV of 1650 USD with a 9-year payback period using combination 3 (6 kW PV and 6.6 kWh battery capacity). Combination 6 (8 kW PV and 15 kWh battery capacity) shows that the energy management strategy for residential houses with battery storage has the potential to increase the installed capacity of PV systems without voltage violence in the LV network. For the distributed PV-battery storage system (BSS), the environmental analysis indicates that CO2 and SO2 emissions were reduced by 3929 t/year and 49 t/year, respectively. The findings obtained from this analysis will be used for power system planning.

Assessment of airborne bacteria in residential buildings in Benin City, Nigeria

Exposure to bioaerosols poses significant health risks to occupants of buildings, especially in tropical areas due to its climatic characteristics that favour airborne bacterial growth. This study investigated the levels and composition of indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria in residential buildings in Benin Metropolis. Air samples were collected from forty-five randomly selected houses across the five local government areas in Benin City using the passive sampling technique. The culture-dependent 16S rRNA gene technique was utilized in theidentification of the bacterial isolates. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of the indoor and 3 3 outdoor total bacteria varied from 476.1 to 939.3 CFU/m3 and 181.1 to 373.2 CFU/m3 in the wet season, 335.0 3 3 to 457.2 CFU/m3 and 387.2 to 627.8 CFU/m3 in the dry season, respectively. The concentration of indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria varied significantly (P=0.001) during the wet and dry seasons. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool homology showed that the 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates were related to Proteus mirabilis, Pectobacterium brasiliense, and Enterobacter sichuanensis. The bacterial communities identified are associated with humans and other outdoor environmental media and could lead to critical health outcomes among exposed vulnerable occupants of the buildings. This study, therefore, provides a database for airborne bacteria in residential houses in the study area and could assist in the implementation of effective interventions that reduce the risks and provide a safe environment.

Energy-focused predictive control for particulate matter concentration and thermal comfort indoors in Delhi

This paper presents a novel, model-based approach for energy-focused indoor particulate matter (PM) concentration control and indoor temperature management for a residential house. A physics-based model is developed to predict PM concentration and temperature indoors as a function of outdoor PM concentration, outdoor temperature, indoor emission, indoor heat generation, and flow rates of air handling unit (AHU), portable air filter (PAF), and air conditioning (AC) systems. The optimized settings of the ventilation systems AHU, PAF, and AC are determined employing a nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) algorithm. A case study in Delhi, one of the most polluted cities in the world, is conducted. Extensive simulation studies under seasonal changes in outdoor conditions and varying indoor emissions demonstrate the ability of the MPC controller to maintain PM concentration and temperature indoors within or close to the desired levels, while optimizing energy consumption.

Study the influences of ethnic Han and ethnic Bai on Jidi village’s modern Tibetan dwellings in Shangri-La, China

ABSTRACT Chinese ethnic dwellings have recently undergone numerous changes under the influence of economic growth, thus provoking discussions on the relationship between traditional inhabitation and modernization. This paper aims to investigate the effects of modernization on Tibetan residences from the perspective of Shangri-La’s unique multi-ethnic cultural milieu. The research was undertaken in Jidi Village, a traditional Tibetan settlement where the Matsutake industry has enabled residents to reconstruct traditional Tibetan structures by upgrading the local economy. Floor plans and section maps were drawn and analyzed based on a survey of residential buildings in Jidi village. Variations in construction and living situations were confirmed after interviews with Jidi locals. The results indicate that the horizontal distributions of Tibetan residential houses gradually transformed into a courtyard style in the past decades. Furthermore, we concluded that ethnic Han affected contemporary construction materials of Tibetan, whereas ethnic Bai influenced the architectural layouts and designs of architectural components through artisans’ techniques. This study emphasizes the need to cultivate ethnic craftspeople, such as Tibetan artisans in the Shangri-La region, whose numbers are declining due to modernization.

Residential houses - a major point source of microplastic pollution: insights on the various sources, their transport, transformation, and toxicity behaviour.

Municipal wastewater has been considered as one of the largest contributors and carriers of microplastics to the aquatic environment. However, the various residential activities that generate municipal wastewater are equally significant whenever the source of microplastics in aquatic system is accounted. However, so far, only municipal wastewater has received wide attention in previous review articles. Hence, this review article is written to address this gap by highlighting, firstly, the chances of microplastics arising from the usage of personal care products (PCPs), laundry washing, face masks, and other potential sources. Thereafter, the various factors influencing the generation and intensity of indoor microplastic pollution and the evidence available on the possibility of microplastic inhalation by humans and pet animals are explained. Followed by that, the removal efficiency of microplastics observed in wastewater treatment plants, the fate of microplastics present in the effluent and biosolids, and their impact on aquatic and soil environment are explored. Furthermore, the impact of aging on the characteristics of microsized plastics has been explored. Finally, the influence of age and size of microplastics on the toxicity effects and the factors impacting the retention and accumulation of microplastics in aquatic species are reviewed. Furthermore, the prominent pathway of microplastics into the human body and the studies available on the toxicity effects observed in human cells upon exposure to microplastics of different characteristics are explored.

Green spaces in housing development – buyers’ preferences

Globally, extreme weather events are occurring more often, with increased intensity due to anthropogenic climate change. For example, in July 2022, monthly average temperature in Spain was 2.7 C above average, and UK has recorded temperatures above 40 degrees for the first time. It has been proven that implementation of green spaces in cities helps to address environmental, social, and even economic problems by providing ecological services, reducing temperature, and attenuating the heat island effect, providing aesthetic enjoyment, recreational opportunities and decreased stress levels. However, green infrastructure is rarely prioritised by developers. It has been argued that, due to space constraints, green infrastructures are an inefficient land use, costly to maintain, and that there is uncertainty if green infrastructures are valued by the market. This paper reports on results from a study examining the attractiveness and the effect of green spaces on housing market customer’ perceptions. To analyse the impact of green spaces, we worked with landscape architects and residential housing developers designing a multi apartment building with a courtyard. The courtyard area was designed accordance to The Green Area Factor resulting in five courtyard designs, each with a different level of greenery. All five designs were presented in dynamic virtual views and embedded in a survey questionnaire. Maintenance costs of all five green spaces were calculated. The findings shows that greenery does effect the perceived attractiveness of residential development. Maintenance costs for the courtyards, with lowest and highest level of greenery, differ by approximately 10 percent of the total maintenance costs. These findings are applicable in the context of new housing construction and renovation projects.

Modeling and Simulation of Indirect Collector Solar Hot Water Heating System Based on TRNSYS

The use of solar energy is one of the important ways of clean energy heating in rural areas in the north, and the collector solar water heating system is an effective way to use solar energy. This paper takes a typical single residential house in a rural area of Shenyang as a research case to design an indirect collector solar hot water heating system. Based on the meteorological data of the winter heating period (November 1 - March 31 of the following year) in Shenyang, TRNSYS software was used to research the heat collection efficiency and scheme design of the heating system. The research results showed that: 1) The best material of the heat exchange coil of the hot water storage tank in the solar water heating system of the indirect collector is stainless steel with a thickness of 0.8mm; 2) The optimal installation angle of solar collectors in Shenyang is 55°; 3) The optimal area of the heat exchanger coil in the hot water storage tank is 4.40m2.

Social housing in Tomsk: Prospects of development, architectural and typological diversity

Purpose: The development of recommendations for the architectural design of the housing stock of social use.Design/methodology/approach: Before the residential house design, it is necessary to understand who are end-users. One of the main criteria to be considered in the design process is a family and its life. The statistical analysis of the data and graphic development of architectural and planning elements for each type of residential house based on the socio-demographic characteristics of families being in need for better housing conditions.Research findings: Research demonstrates architectural and planning solutions of a typological range of residential houses of social use in the city of Tomsk.Practical implications: Feasible parameter determination of architecture and planning of residential houses will ensure the mass construction of comfortable and healthy dwellings, which will contribute to the successful solution of an important social problem of the housing construction.

Determination of Recent In-Migrants in Yogyakarta using Bayesian Regression Logistics

Aims: This research aims to find out the status determinant of recent in-migrants entering the province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia in 2021 with Bayesian logistic regression combined with a nonlinear principal component analysis in the process of forming a latent variable.
 Study Design: Quantitative Design.
 Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in the city of Yogyakarta with the data used is 1 year data throughout 2021.
 Methodology: The data were obtained from the results of national socio-economic surveys (SUSENAS) KOR in March 2021.
 Results: The research results indicate that particular variables such as age, resident latest education, the status of main activities, the status of residential ownership, housing quality, and asset ownership have significant influences on recent in-migrants entering the Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
 Conclusion: This research concludes that the Bayesian approach in logistic regression with iteration 1,000,000, 4 thinning interval, and 500.000 burn-in indicates that of seven variables, six variables with significant influences on the status of recent migrants entering the Province of Yogyakarta consist of age (X1), latest education (X3), main activities (X4), house ownership (X5), housing quality (X6), and asset ownership (X7). Of these six variables, the younger resident, the resident with high school or equal as their latest education, the resident currently working as their main activity, the resident renting a house, and the resident with high housing quality score and high asset ownership score are more likely to do recent migration to the Province of Yogyakarta.

Pembangunan Rumah Yang Dilakukan Masyarakat Di Bantaran Kali Anafre Kota Jayapura

The Purpose of writing this reasearch is to comprehensively describe the neglect of the construction of residential houses by the people on the banks of the Anafre river, Jayapura City. This type of research is using a qualitative method, using a social phenomenological paradigm, to data analysis using a flow model. The study's findings, the construction of dwellings on the Anafre River's banks is an endeavor by inhabitants to acquire a residential house. Many others have copied the government and private buildings that have enlivened the growth on the banks of the Anafre River. Residential house building is done permanently or semi-permanently depending on the demands of the occupants. Without licensing certificates, giving up customs and building permissions for buildings on the Anafre River's banks violates current legislation; these letters are proof of physical and legal facts. The convenience of the Jayapura City BPN in the form of a certificate management policy based on the submission of a recommendation letter from the Ministry of PUPR of Jayapura City, which is in violation of Government Regulation No. 38 of 2011 concerning the River. Many locals are unaware of the convenience of Jayapura City BPN housing on the banks of the Anafre River, which is placed behind the Paldam housing (army settlement), so that civilians building houses in the area feel safe from eviction.

Effects of the Excavation of a Hydraulic Tunnel on Groundwater at the Wuyue Pumped Storage Power Station

The tailwater tunnel of the Wuyue pumped storage power station is located in bedrock and extends to depths between tens and hundreds of meters. It is impossible to analyze and evaluate the whole engineering area from geological exploration data, and the hydrogeological conditions are complicated. In the early stages of the tailwater tunnel’s construction, the drinking water wells in four villages dried up. This paper reports the results from a field investigation, in situ tests, laboratory tests, and numerical simulation carried out to determine how the groundwater was affected when the tunnel was excavated. A hydrogeological model of the region was established from the inverted regional natural flow field parameters. The model was validated, and an analysis of the errors showed that there was an average error of 1.98% between the natural flow field and the hydrogeological survey flow field. The model was then used to simulate the three-dimensional transient seepage fields under normal seepage conditions and limited seepage conditions, as far as was practical. The results showed that, as the excavation of the tailwater tunnel advanced, the water inflow to the tunnel also increased. When the water inflow increased from 1000 to 5000 m3/d, the water level at a distance of 100 m from the axis of the tunnel dropped from −0.956 to −1.604 m. We then analyzed how the water level changed as the water inflow varied and proposed a formula for calculating the extent of the influence on the groundwater. We studied how the water level changed at different well points to ascertain how a groundwater well became depleted and determined the factors that influenced seepage in the regional flow field. The water level in different areas of the project area was simulated and analyzed, and the extent of the groundwater area affected by the tunnel construction was clarified. We then studied how the groundwater in different areas of, and distances from, the project area was influenced by normal seepage conditions and limited seepage conditions and proposed a formula for calculating the extent of the influence on groundwater for different water inflows. We constructed a ‘smart site’ for visualizing data, sharing information, and managing the project. Time–frequency domain analysis was applied to explore the extent of the impacts and range of the vibration effects on residential housing at different distances from the project area caused by the different methods for excavating the tailwater tunnel. The results from this analysis will provide useful insights into how the excavation of this tailwater tunnel will impact the local residents and living areas.

Towards closed-loop concrete recycling: Life cycle assessment and multi-criteria analysis

In this study, a wide-ranging life cycle assessment and multi-criteria analysis for close-loop cycling of concrete are conducted. Considering six performance keys in the technical (compressive strength at short and long ages), environmental (human health, ecosystem quality, climate change, resources), and economic (costs), a solid framework is created and analyzed by three multi-criteria decision-making techniques, namely, TOPSIS, VIKOR, and EDAS. The weight that must be taken into account for each of the applied criteria depends on the specific application and the demands of the user. Nevertheless, two different weighted methods, namely, the equal performance method and the entropy method, have been employed in this work to optimize for various construction-related applications, specifically sustainable residential buildings and residential housing. The findings demonstrate that the concrete mixtures produced with 20% FA+12% SF and MRCA incorporation are the best in terms of the criteria used for all applied techniques and the two weighted methods. This study demonstrates that multi-criteria decision-making techniques are simple to apply, requiring minimal time and effort and focusing on the finished result, allowing users to choose the best concrete mixtures. The proposed framework recommends the closed-loop recycling of concrete by introducing supplementary cementitious materials for sustainable, economical, and performance-based design applications.

The Evaluation on Thermal Performance of Rumah Negeri Sembilan Berserambi Dua dan Beranjung

Traditional Malay house, a passive design architecture, is believed to have more effective thermal performance than modern residential houses through climatic design strategies. Unfortunately, the Malay house has experienced numerous changes and is confronted with constant dangers due to present-day science and innovation. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the thermal performance of rumah Negeri Sembilan berserambi dua dan beranjung for sustainable practice in the tropical environment. The method used was fieldwork: observation and thermal measurement. Comparing the suggested comfort level by ASHRAE 55 and ICOP, 20% percent of the total data is falls within the thermal comfort range suggested. However, the house is considered in comfort environment between 25-27ºC, which is only in the early morning. As for the wind flow, each house division recorded different readings. However, it was still within the comfort level range, i.e., between 0.12-1.25m/s, while the RH level was 50-60%. Therefore, the primary findings elaborate that the Malay house construction has five factors that directly influence the house's thermal performance. These include floor areas, openings, floor and roof heights, materials, open compound areas, and building setting. This study aspires to provide useful insights regarding the effectiveness of practices in the climatic design strategies of a traditional Malay house. Thus, its contribute to the scientific discussions on sustainable practices in modern residential design which aligned with the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (RMK12) Theme 3.

Environmental factors determine the occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Environment consisting of residential density, house ventilation, room humidity, and lighting, is regarded as one of the factors causing the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The current research aimed to figure out the environmental factors determining the occurrence of pulmonary TB in Surabaya City. </em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives: </em></strong>the purpose of the current study was to figure out the environmental factor determining the incidents of pulmonary <em>tuberculosis (TB)</em> in Surabaya City<em></em></p><p><strong><em>Methods</em></strong><em> : This was observational research carried out by a cross-sectional approach. People with pulmonary TB registered for treatment at the Perak Timur Community Health Center and Jagir Community Health Center in Surabaya City were recruited as the research population. Meanwhile, the research samples were patients with pulmonary TB in both Community Health Centers. Simple random sampling was utilized to collect 130 patients as respondents. The data obtained were then analyzed using univariate and bivariate logistic regression.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>: The bivariate statistical test on the four research variables showed that residential density had OR=0.671, house ventilation had OR=2.874, room humidity had OR=1.231, and house lighting had OR=1.170. Fourth, environmental factors are not the cause of TB disease, because the results of statistical tests show that the OR value is above 0.5</em></p><strong><em>Conclusions</em></strong><em>: It can be concluded that residential density, lighting, and house ventilation did not influence the occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis. It was more likely that it was caused by factors which do not come from the living environment</em>. Suggestions for future research need to be an air swab examination around the residence of TB patients

EUROPEAN APPROACH TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF MODULAR SETTLEMENTS FOR REFUGEES

Many citizens were forced to leave their homes due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Almost 5 million citizens were registered as internally displaced persons. Some of them found shelter in modular (container) settlements located in various regions of Ukraine. Additionally, over 7 million Ukrainians sought refuge abroad and were settled in different types of housing. Due to limited time and extreme conditions, modular settlements were also built in some European countries to provide our compatriots with temporary housing. 
 The paper provides a review of the European experience in the design and construction of modular settlements, while also defining the architectural and urban characteristics of their development. The paper the findings of the study based upon the information gathered about settlements built in Europe between 2015 and 2016, as well as modular settlements currently being constructed for Ukrainian refugees since 2022. The analysis includes aspects such as size, spatial planning, landscaping, typology, purpose of buildings, and furnishing of premises. The article explores planning approaches for modular settlements, which encompass concepts such as sustainability and long-term solutions, functionality, comfort, aestheticization, and mitigation of negative impacts on the environment. 
 The study's findings concluded that when selecting a location for modular settlements, it is crucial to evaluate the site's position within the overall building structure, the availability of infrastructure, accessibility, socio-cultural environment, as well as conduct economic, demographic, and environmental analyses. The research determined that an optimal solution for modular settlements is to create communities for approximately 300 people, utilizing two-story modular buildings. It is recommended to form courtyards that provide more privacy to inhabitants. In a grid planning structure for a modular settlement, it is essential to effectively organize public spaces, including children's and sports grounds, recreational areas, as well as administrative and service buildings. For the long-term residence of refugees, it is recommended to utilize residential units where shared kitchens and bathrooms are designed for inhabitants of 2 to 5 rooms. Additionally, individual residential units or houses can be allocated for single families, equipped with furniture and appliances, including individual bathrooms and kitchen niches. The minimum living space per person is suggested to be between 4.5 to 5.5 square meters. The findings of this research can be utilized to enhance existing settlements and inform the development of new urban planning and architectural solutions for the design of future modular settlements.

Quantitative Analysis and Cause Exploration of Architectural Feature Changes in a Traditional Chinese Village: Lingquan Village, Heyang County, Shaanxi Province

It is crucial for the protection and sustainable development of villages in China to effectively determine the changes that have occurred in traditional villages’ architectural features and the causes of such changes in order to provide timely feedback, correct protection planning, and construction in these villages. This paper analyzed quantitative indexes at three different scales in Lingquan village, namely construction land, public infrastructure, and the form, material, and color of roofs, using remote sensing images at different time points, drone shooting, and a field survey. It was found that the rate of change of the architectural features at the village and street levels were low, with an overall trend of improvement observed. However, the residential roof features at the building level showed more changes, with a trend of deterioration observed. It was also found that the active participation of the government was the main reason for the substantial improvement observed in the village’s street-level features. Further, for residential houses, the lack of standard guidance for their protection and renovation, as well as the lack of protection awareness and participation mechanisms, were the main reasons found for the deterioration of the village’s building-level features. Finally, the study forwarded some suggestions in order to provide reference value for the timely revision of protection strategies for many villages in China similar to Lingquan village.

Feasibility of Smoked Stingrays in Middle Tarakan Village, Tarakan City, North Kalimantan

Stingrays are bycatch (bycatch) in the catches of fishermen in Tarakan City. This is due to the characteristics of the stingrays and the smell of ammonia which causes not many people to use them, even one of the less desirable fish catches. One of the proper processing of stingrays is by processing them into smoked fish, especially in Tarakan City. The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility of smoking fish business in the Middle Tarakan Village, Tarakan City. Data collection was carried out in April-May 2023. Primary data was obtained through observation and interviews with smoked fish entrepreneurs. The results of the study showed that the smoked fish business was carried out in his own smoking house, which was separate from the residential house. The type of fish that is smoked is stingray. The capacity of the smoking tool is 30 kg with the smoking media in the form of coconut shells. The total cost for one production cycle (3 hours) is Rp. 40,000/production; receipt of Rp. 196 million/year and a profit of Rp. 114 million/year. R/C and B/C values ​​were 2.46 and 1.46, PP for 4 days. The results of the smoked fish business are profitable and worth continuing. More and more businesses smoking fish in Tarakan City in the use of fish which are by-catch (by-catch) production is increasing, so as to create new jobs and improve family welfare. PP for 4 days. The results of the smoked fish business are profitable and worth continuing. More and more businesses smoking fish in Tarakan City in the use of fish which are by-catch (by-catch) production is increasing, so as to create new jobs and improve family welfare. PP for 4 days. The results of the smoked fish business are profitable and worth continuing. More and more businesses smoking fish in Tarakan City in the use of fish which are by-catch (by-catch) production is increasing, so as to create new jobs and improve family welfare.

Growing Fire Incidents in Bangladesh: An Urgent Call for Health Policy Makers

Bangladesh has been experiencing an increasing number of fire incidents in recent years, causing significant damage to residential houses, business establishments, and factories. The recent fire outbreak in Banga Bazar, a prominent clothing market, resulted in the loss of almost 50,000 jobs and caused an economic loss of over 700 crore taka (65 million USD). Despite the absence of fatalities, the fire's impact on people's mental health and the country's economy is significant. The main causes of these incidents are the crowded population, low safety standards in factories and industries, poorly constructed buildings, and the lack of adequate fire safety precautions. The public's lack of knowledge and instruction on fire safety is also a significant concern. The government and public authorities need to take prompt action to prevent such incidents, including stricter safety regulations, the installation of appropriate fire safety equipment, and more significant public awareness campaigns. Additionally, steps must be taken to ensure the mental wellbeing of fire-affected people and firefighters who are often traumatized by witnessing the destruction of such events.

Psychological Impact of Mixed-use Housing Commercial Activities for Residential Area: in the Case of District 11 Kabul City

The urban population is increasing rapidly in most developing countries. Kabul as the capital and largest city of Afghanistan has been facing undesired urban issues due to its rapid population growth. According to the master plan of 1968, Kabul city was designed for two million people, but after the evolution of 2001, the city encountered to unexpected rising in population which reached almost five million, living in this city. For this reason, most of the low-rise residential houses are transferring to commercial and residential mixed-use housing. These housings are facing a lack of privacy and a good correlation between commercial and residential spaces. Therefore, as a significant matter, this paper studies the correlation of commercial with residential space, in the quest to determine which activities are suitable to be allocated in this type of housing and which activities are inappropriate based on cultural and regional fit. Additionally, a list of activities based on their suitability is classified in this paper which helps to segregate unsuitable activities accordingly. This study draws insights from primary data collection using questionnaires for Post Occupancy Evaluation, semi-structured interviews, and fieldwork observations in the mixed-use housing apartments and from the analysis of secondary data such as government documents.