Residential Housing Development Research Articles

STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN RUMAH LAYAK HUNI (RULAHU) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN JAYAPURA, PROVINSI PAPUA

The Residential Housing Development Program is a government program to assist communities in fulfilling their basic needs. This study aims to see how this program is implemented, then the influencing factors, and strategies that can be taken to make this program more optimal. The study used qualitative methods with an inductive approach through data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the Decent Home program has a positive impact on welfare aspects including material, physical, mental, and spiritual aspects. Then, this study also found that the supporting factors for the implementation of this program were the support from the community, the selection of the right location, and good coordination between the Land, Housing and Settlement Areas Office and the village apparatus. While the inhibiting factors, there are also three things, namely: limited land availability, difficult access to remote areas, and lack of community knowledge about the Rulahu program. The strategy that can be taken by the government based on the results of the SWOT calculation is an offensive approach, including: cooperation with the kelurahan to obtain more valid data on prospective recipients, collaborating with the community for reporting, and improving the quality of house outputs so that people are more confident.

Factors influencing vertical urban development at the parcel scale: The case in Brisbane, Australia

Increasing urban density has become an important focus in mitigating the adverse impacts of urban sprawl. A common way to increase urban density is the development of multi-story residential housing, or vertical urban development (VUD). Compared to low-rise detached housing, VUD has been purported to be more effective in mitigating the adverse impact of urban sprawl. This paper examines factors influencing VUD through a case study of Brisbane, Australia. Three types of housing developments – low-rise detached houses, low-rise apartments, and medium- to high-rise apartments – are explored, with the latter two types classified as VUD. Building on the literature that suggests a range of environmental, socio-demographic, built environment, and planning regulations factors driving or constraining VUD, our study further explores how land parcel size and parcel change over time either through parcel amalgamation or subdivision as factors driving VUD. The findings show that parcel size and parcel amalgamation are key factors leading to VUD, particularly in the form of medium- to high-rise apartment development. On the other hand, land use upzoning alone does not appear to be sufficient to drive VUD. Our study enriches the understanding of the scale effects of land parcels and zoning regulation on vertical urban development, and contributes to parcel-based land use planning policies that are targeted at more intensive urban land use.

Randomized Estimation of the Net Present Value of a Residential Housing Development

Randomized estimation of the net present value of a housing development allows for the assessment of the efficiency of projects in random implementation conditions. The efficiency of a project is estimated on the basis of primary input data, usually used in project planning. For this purpose, random disturbances are identified that may randomly affect the course and results of the project. The probability and severity of disturbances are determined. The primary initial data is then randomized, and a randomized probabilistic index of the project’s net present value is calculated, the value of which indicates whether the project is profitable or whether implementation should be stopped. Based on this data, the expected total revenue, the expected total cost, the expected gross profit, and the net present value of the randomized performance of the project are calculated. The values of these are estimated for expected, favorable, and unfavorable conditions of implementation. Finally, the risks for the total revenue and total cost of the project are calculated and plotted for comparative revenue values in the range [1, 0] and cost in the range [0, 1]. Their analysis makes it possible to make the right investment decisions before starting the investment at the preparation stage.

Optimalisasi Pengelolaan dan Pemanfaatan Lahan Untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Di Desa Sindangsari Dalam Mewujudkan Visi Integrated, Smart, and Green Campus

The provision of agricultural land for food is currently facing pressure due to competition from other sectors as a result of economic growth and population growth. This condition causes food agriculture land to be faced with the problem of decreasing land area due to conversion to non-agricultural uses. The converted land area is mostly intended for residential housing developments in addition to the construction of public infrastructure, offices, shops and industries. This conversion of agricultural land can have a negative impact on agricultural development. Each district or city actually has to reserve and protect agricultural land that has the potential to be developed into sustainable food-producing agricultural land. However, in its implementation, the determination of the area for sustainable food-producing agricultural land has not been carried out by many districts or cities for various reasons. Likewise in Banten, the availability of agricultural land in Banten Province is getting depleted due to being eroded by development, new efforts and breakthroughs are needed in maintaining the availability of agricultural products while maintaining food security for the Banten people, one of which is by utilizing idle land owned by developers in urban areas so that they can be worked on by the community. farmer. Currently, the management of idle land owned by developers in urban areas is still not optimal. As a result, a lot of unused land is left empty before being built into housing. There needs to be support from all parties so that the management of unused land can be optimized in maintaining food security in Banten Province can always be maintained, in addition to avoiding consumptive people's habits, relying on all their daily needs from buying, while a lot of land can still be cultivated and cooperated. This study explains about Land Management and Land Use for Food in the area around the Untirta Sindang Sari campus and around the Sindang Sari village area which is still not optimal. This research is also to find out, examine and develop alternative policies related to efforts to optimize the potential of agricultural land used for food utilization. The long-term goal of this research is that this research aims to optimize land use and management to support food security in Banten and national food security. Food products in Banten can not only meet the needs of their own region, but can also meet the needs of National Food and even for export commodities to foreign countries. The specific target to be achieved from this research is to strive to achieve one of Untita's Visions and Missions, namely Realizing the Integrated, Smart, and Green Campus Vision. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) has made Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University a Center for the Study of Food Security and Local Food Innovation in Banten so that with the new Untirta Building from the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB), Untirta can become a center of excellence. in Food Security. Untirta does not only focus on the development of food products, but is also accompanied by the development of technology. This research uses Sociological Normative and Juridical Normative legal research methods. This research is descriptive analytical and uses primary data sources and secondary data sources. Descriptive in this study is a description of the situation, conditions, circumstances, and realities that exist in the area around the Untirta Sindang Sari campus and around the Sindang Sari village area in terms of land use and land management to support food security. Then analyze what the problem is in order to find a solution to the problem. Sources of data used in this study were obtained from Library Research (Library Research). The normative juridical in this research is in the form of a discussion of several laws and regulations made by the government that are enforced to regulate the formation of regional areas and land use. Sociological Normative Research on law constructs law as a system of laws and regulations that have existed so far and then constructed in a society's behavior.

Assessing government plan and residents’ support for agropolitan housing development in the Greater Port Harcourt city, River State, Nigeria

This paper examined, why the Rivers State Government of Nigeria engaged in the Greater Port Harcourt city project as well as individual communities’ residents’ attitudes in support or against government demand of communities’ land for agropolitan residential housing development in the GPH city. Survey questionnaire retrieved from 258 heads of households in 8 selected communities of the Greater Port Harcourt city and key informants’ responses were the methods used. The result shows that Greater Port Harcourt City was born to contain and curtail the spill over population, provide good and quality infrastructure and services, upgrade informal settlements and create sustainable residential developments. Respondents’ attitude towards land acquisition for self-sustainable agropolitan residential housing development was positive and supportive with modal first to three mention of “More persons will own better homes (27.3%), it will enable me own my personal house (18.2%) and it will solve the housing problem in the area (16.3%) respectively’.

ВІД ПРАКТИК НЕОЛІБЕРАЛІЗМУ ДО ПАРТИСИПАТИВНОЇ ДЕМОКРАТІЇ ІНТЕГРОВАНОГО МІСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ: ШЛЯХ МІКРОРАЙОНУ ЖК “ЛІКО-ГРАД”, КИЇВ

Most major cities in Ukraine are experiencing widespread use of neoliberal approaches in urban planning and governance. These approaches are focused on economic priorities and the accumulation of capital by individual government-private coalitions both for new urban projects and practices of modifying urban space in areas of existing development. They ignore the needs of the local people, who, in turn, do not have a deep awareness of their importance and role in making management decisions regarding urban development. Simultaneously with the application of neoliberal urban practices, some integrated urban development projects are being implemented in a number of cities or districts of cities of Ukraine within the framework of international technical assistance and exchange programs. They provide opportunities for all segments of society to understand the consequences of decision-making in a particular area. These efforts increase the importance of this research task which aims to analyze the processes of public participation in urban decision-making and the formation of integration in new local and multi-family residential housing development in Kyiv where there is no involvement in international cooperation in integrated urban development. The authors consider these issues using the example of the new “Liko-Grad” residential development. Our working hypothesis examines the dominance of neoliberal urban practices prevailing in such areas. The results of a survey of residents, conducted in 2018 and 2020, raises issues related to integrated development, the inclusiveness of urban space and the extent of involvement of residents in decision-making related to housing and urban landscape. These results as well as expert analysis of open-source data about the development, help to understand that the residential complex “Liko-Grad” which was built by a developer based on neoliberal management decisions. The potential residents were unable to participate in the decision-making process on building and planning the infrastructure. Today, in the process of community formation, residents reveal they are somewhat satisfied with the level of landscaping and are taking the first steps to address certain issues as evidenced by their active participation in social networks and some non-systematic landscaping activities and other small projects within the public budget. The survey also revealed low levels of job opportunities, social infrastructure, poor street infrastructure, and public transport needs as well as a low level of urban inclusion. These results, together with the lack of business activities and function, do not enable the residents of “Liko-Grad” to become a multifunctional urban space according to the integrated approaches designed for this space. We conclude that the path of Ukrainian cities to participatory democracy is just emerging; it requires a deep awareness of local communities of its importance of such efforts and also incorporating management decisions which affect the interests of all residents.

Analysis and hygienic evaluation of noise burden in public education organizations in Saransk

Background . Noise pollution is a burden exerting a harmful and irritating effect on human health. Children are particularly sensitive to noise burden. In this connection, it is especially important to control the noise pollution level in public education organizations where children spend significant time. Objective . The study is aimed at determining objective and subjective parameters of noise pollution in public education organizations based on the analysis of data obtained by measuring noise levels in school campuses in Saransk and directly in classrooms, as well as by questioning the teachers of these schools. Methods . The measurement of noise burden was carried out in 10 schools using the noise and vibration level meter “Assistant” with class I accuracy. Noise measurements in school campuses and classrooms were performed in accordance with the GOST 23337-2014 requirements. Assessment of results was conducted in accordance with sanitary standards 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 “Noise in the workplace, residential and public buildings and housing developments”. Results . Based on noise measurement results, the highest noise levels were found in school № 2 (65.5 dBА on the campus, 51.2 dBA in the classroom) which is located in the center of a traffic interchange. The lowest noise parameters were found in school № 35 (45.2 dBА on the campus, 37.7 dBА in the classroom) which is located in the residential quarter quite far away (242-321 m) from the main source of noise, the motorway. Conclusion . Study results attest that maximum noise levels at school campuses do not exceed the permissible exposure limit of 70 dBA. In all schools noise values conform to the noise standards (maximum sound pressure level in classrooms did not exceed 55 dBA).

Residents’ Attitudes Towards a National Park Under Conditions of Suburbanisation and Tourism Pressure: A Case Study of Ojców National Park (Poland)

Abstract The article attempts to contribute to the global discussion on the social aspects of the functioning of protected areas. It explores the attitudes of local communities towards national parks and the determinants of those attitudes. The problem is presented using the example of Ojców National Park (Pol. OPN), a small-area national park located in the suburban zone of Kraków (Poland) and subject to strong pressure of tourism and suburbanisation. The analysis is based on interviews with people residing within the boundaries or buffer zone of the OPN. The residents are proud to live in a scenic location; they tend to perceive the national park in the context of its significant natural value rather than its administration and the related restrictions, and mostly approve of its existence. There is a high support for implementing the participative model of local area management. At the same time, however, the residents’ preferred methods of area management are in conflict with the need to protect the Park’s natural and landscape values. The residents favour commercial tourism infrastructure within the protected area and residential housing development in its close vicinity. The residents’ attitudes towards the Park are also shaped to a large extent by complex factors relating to the area’s history and its location within the suburban zone of a major city.

PEMILIHAN PERUMAHAN TERFAVORIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE VIKOR DAN TOPSIS DENGAN GUI MATLAB (Studi Kasus: Perumahan Mijen Semarang)

The increase in the population of Semarang has an impact on the increasing demand for residential housing. Unfortunately, the limitations of the area became an obstacle in Semarang to develop residential areas. This development of residential housing in Semarang leads to suburban such as Mijen. The method that can be used to choose favorite housing is Visekriterijumsko Kompromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Both methods can be applied to solve Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) issue. This study has 8 alternatives of residential housing in Mijen with 5 criteria such as Price, Payment Method, Building Specifications, Housing Facilities, and Location. This research was design with Graphical User Interface (GUI) Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) as computing tool. VIKOR and TOPSIS method on this research, obtained the same result that the most favorite residential housing is A5. Keywords: Housing, SPK, VIKOR, TOPSIS, GUI

Notary Role in the Implementation of The Cooperation Agreement Between Housing Developers and Land Owner

Housing development cooperation between housing developers and owners of land to do to overcome the limitations of the amount of land and pressing capital needs. Generally in this cooperation landowners who provide land, while housing developers set aside, build housing and market it. But such cooperation is prone to risks for both sides, which could lead to disputes or disputes. Notary public officials in law is expected to help prevent the occurrence of the dispute or the dispute. Therefore, the authors are interested in conducting research on the issue, with the aim to determine the role of the Notary in the implementation of the cooperation agreement between the developer residential housing development and land owners. The study was conducted through library research using descriptive method by collecting data, collate, analyze and interpret. In conclusion, as follows: First, the legality of which is clean and clear (CnC) is a very important factor in running the housing business. Second, the need for good faith from housing developers and landowners in implementing the cooperation agreement. Third, the Notary's role is very important in helping to prevent the risk of dispute or disputes by providing legal counseling and make a deed of agreement to provide legal certainty for housing developers and landowners.Keywords: Notary Role; Cooperation Agreement; Developer and Land Owner.

Assessing the influences of service provision on pace and short and medium term development patterns of residential housing in Dar es Salaam

ABSTRACTThe connection between city development patterns, housing and service provision is critical as it affects allocation of scarce resources in the cities of Sub Sahara Africa, where the adopted planning models and concepts seem to have minimal success. Through spatial analysis and quantitative research this study explores sequencing of servicing and housing development as it impacts city spatial growth patterns in a context of resource deficiency in Dar es Salaam City. The study finds that despite households’ land ownership being crucial in city spatial expansion process towards residential house ownership, their actual construction and occupation will depend on the accessibility of services. Moreover, it was established that as more services become available, proportionally, number of people settling in new areas increases. Since this process happens equally in planned and unplanned settlements, this study indicates that it is the availability of services and not land allocation that triggers actual development of residential housing. Thus, service provision determines the pace of change in short and medium city spatial patterns. This implies that in the context of public resource deficiency and self-help housing, strategic investments in basic services such as electricity connection, public transport and portable water is the way to influence actual city development pattern rather than providing plots.

The analysis of settlement network’s dispersion using Ward’s taxonomy method

Buildings together with related constructions and also with facilities of technical infrastructure create settlement units. A settlement network is made of interconnected settlement units that create the functional structure of the settlement network. After the period of the political transformation in 1989, changes in settlement systems have been observed. The number of buildings has increased, their function, shape, colours and mutual arrangement have changed. The aim of the paper is to analyse settlement units paying special attention to the buildings’ dispersion and their division into the groups of uniform objects (units). The similarity of settlement units (registration ranges) in regard to the concentration of residential housing and productive development for agriculture is determined. Information about buildings’ location and their function is taken from the Database of Topographic Objects BDOT10k acquired from the Centre of Geodesic and Cartographic Documentation. The level of building complex concentration is determined by means of the concentration index on the plane. Advanced techniques of geoprocessing are used in the paper. Units’ similarity is determined by means of the method of numerical taxonomy using the agglomerative combinatorial Ward method. The results of the survey indicate the fact that the level of buildings’ dispersion is influenced not by the amount of buildings in particular ranges but their mutual arrangement and its level in space. However, the ranges with the smaller area are characterised by the lower dispersion level which responds to the higher value of the concentration index. High buildings’ concentration is a characteristic feature of not only the close vicinity of cities. The analyses proved the irregular arrangement of units with various levels of buildings’ concentration without implication to the hierarchy of the structure of the functional settlement network. So, the buildings’ concentration is of chaotic character which confirms the high entropy of the settlement network in Poland.

A Numerical Analysis of Wind Flow in Urban Areas

The high population density in Vietnam create many challenges in its urban development and supply of residential housing. To accommodate the large population, the buildings tend to go vertical and high density to maximize the development ratio in the limited land space and in the conservation of natural geomorphology. The high density of building blocks reduces the permeability for wind penetration. In the extreme case, the housing estate becomes a wind-obstructing structure that could be causing to environmental problems and health hazard due to low level of ventilation follow. So, a better understanding about wind flow in urban areas could help resolve some of the main difficulties that a designer might encounter to improve the geometries of urban areas. Therefore, this article performs the simulation methodology using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools in ANSYS FLUENT software to carry out the urban wind environment in the simple planning and design urban areas. The studied parameters were wind velocity 10 m/s in the case of straight wind and in the case of 45 0 -cross wind. CFD is an effective and efficient tool to visualize a flow phenomenon of a particular flow problem. The advanced computational technique could calculate the fluid properties at all points defined within the model domain, providing a complete set of data within the model. However, it is important to highlight that CFD technologies have not been completely reliable as model assumptions are still unavoidable for the present computational technologies to resolve turbulent flows. Understanding the limitations of CFD is crucial to reduce numerical errors and realize possible erroneous data in the model.

Housing infrastructure: contemporary issues in timber adoption

Scotland currently has 76·7% of all implemented timber-framed buildings in the UK housing market. England's figure is 16%. The English contribution is considered relatively low given its demand for more sustainable, low-cost social housing. The aim of this study is to investigate potential contemporary barriers to the adoption of timber as a primary structural material in residential housing developments in England. The research methodology is quantitative and findings revealed that a combination of economic, cultural and psychological issues rather than technical and durability performance are responsible. These are fundamentally due to lack of education regarding the use of timber, erroneously perceived increased maintenance costs of timber housing, developers' influence and monopoly over timber technology, uncertainty in property resale value and the recent overall lack of confidence in timber technology. It is recommended that improved training comprising compulsory basic timber technology and sustainable construction is adopted as a formal prerequisite for the attainment of relevant qualifications within the built environment, civil engineering and architecture. To this end, the benefits of sustainable construction, specifically, timber, in housing should be introduced even at the pre-university level, within schools and colleges. Also recommended are public awareness campaigns through relevant institutions, in the public and private sectors and among construction professionals, of the merits and misconceptions surrounding timber technology.

ANALYSIS OF THE PROFESSIONAL SATISFACTION OF PHARMACISTS IN BRATISLAVA

: A pharmacist is an expert on medications. At the same time as the most accessible health care provider, the pharmacist fulfills an important social mission. For a pharmacist, work satisfaction plays an important role in several aspects of his practice in a pharmacy. Our primary goal was to conduct a local analysis with the purpose of testing the proposed questionnaire evaluating various dimensions of the professional satisfaction of pharmacists. Our secondary goals were as follows: to analyze individual dimensions of pharmacists’ professional satisfaction, to assess the quality of life in the context of the pharmacists’ professional satisfaction and to analyze the impact of selected characteristics (age, location of the pharmacy) on the pharmacists’ quality of life. The study is based on a questionnaire survey among pharmacists in Bratislava from July to September 2016. Data were collected in person. Respondents were randomly selected from community pharmacies., Equal number of respondents were selected from three different types of pharmacies: a) public pharmacy or its branch in a medical facility or a health centre b) public pharmacy or its branch in a shopping centre c) public pharmacy or its branch in a residential housing development. The results of the study show that the professional satisfaction of pharmacists in Bratislava is evaluated positively. Out of all 27 questions of the questionnaire, only three were evaluated negatively. The analysis points out that pharmacists are dissatisfied with the conditions in the workplace, regulation and legal responsibilities stemming from the profession of a pharmacist, healthcare system, and health insurance companies. The majority of the pharmacists characterized their state of mind on the job as concentrated. Older respondents were more tired and less energized. With regards to the location of a pharmacy, respondents that work in pharmacies located in residential housing developments feel the most concentrated. The knowledge of needs and problems of the profession is the essential precondition for its continued successful development, and its position in current as well as future European and Slovak healthcare systems. Until now, the quality of the professional life of pharmacists has not become a subject of systematic research and evaluation in Slovakia. Our study showed that the professional satisfaction of pharmacists in Bratislava is evaluated positively.

Pembangunan Perumahan Dengan Hunian Berimbang Bagi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Rumah Untuk Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah

<p align="justify">The house is a basic human need, therefore, the state must guarantee the fulfillment of the house, especially the urban poor. It has dimanatkan also in the Constitution 45 Article 28 H, and strengthened in Law No. 1 of 2011 on housing and settlement area as well as Law No. 20 of 2011 on the Flats. The method used in this research is empirical juridical, with the analysis of legislation related to legal theories as well as constraints-constraints faced. The study found that 1) the implementation of the balanced residential housing development to meet the needs of the common home for the MBR, it still has not done the maximum; and 2) The need for an increase in the underlying policy formulation balanced residential development with strategic, effective and implementable.</p>

Cohort profile: Examining Neighbourhood Activities in Built Living Environments in London: the ENABLE London—Olympic Park cohort

PurposeThe Examining Neighbourhood Activities in Built Living Environments in London (ENABLE London) project is a natural experiment which aims to establish whether physical activity and other health behaviours show sustained...

Consultation Paper on Complex Stratas

Strata-property legislation was originally conceived as a means to encourage the development of residential housing. But nothing in British Columbia’s three generations of strata-property acts has ever restricted the legislation to that one kind of development. Like other jurisdictions, since the 1960s there has been a rapid increase in strata properties that are used for industrial, commercial, office, and recreational purposes. In addition to the familiar condominiums, there are also strata-titled townhouses, even single family homes in strata subdivisions (bare-land strata developments). There has also been a proliferation of mixed-use stratas, which combine two or more of these purposes within a single strata property.The ever-growing diversity and sophistication of strata-property developments has brought many benefits to British Columbia’s real-estate sector. But there have been drawbacks too. The interests of residential and nonresidential strata-lot owners can sometimes be in conflict, particularly over the sharing of common expenses and the control of common property. Legislation and regulations have been developed to manage these issues and to facilitate ever-more-sophisticated strata properties.This consultation paper examines options for reforming the rules applicable to complex stratas. Its focus is on three devices found in the Strata Property Act and the Strata Property Regulation and used in connection with complex stratas: (1) sections, which allow for the creation of mini strata corporations; (2) types, which allow for the allocation, to specific strata lots, of expenses paid for out of a strata corporation’s operating fund; and (3) phases, which allow for the development of strata properties in segments over an extended period of time. The consultation paper sets out tentative recommendations for reform of the law in relation to these three topics, for readers to review and to provide their comments. The consultation is open until 15 January 2017.

Attitudes of a farming community towards urban growth and rural fragmentation—An Auckland case study

As the global population continues to increase, rural areas are expected to accommodate future growth at the same time as continuing to feed growing populations. This tension is greatest on those who farm land that is earmarked for future urban growth. Yet, little is known about the attitudes and values of the affected rural farming communities or farmers’ perceptions of the challenges and opportunities that population growth presents. This paper presents the results from a survey of outdoor vegetable growers in Pukekohe, an area under increasing pressure from urban growth, located in Auckland, New Zealand’s fastest growing city. An analysis of rural fragmentation is also provided to demonstrate the extent of land use change to help contextualise growers’ responses. Survey results showed that economic discourses fail to fully capture the symbolic meaning the land has for growers; many participants were deeply connected to the land, with the desire for the farming legacy to continue, while also recognising its highly productive capability. Participating growers identified numerous challenges and opportunities as a consequence of urban growth. Key challenges included: reverse sensitivity associated with development pressures; achieving sustainable productivity and profits; and perceptions of an increasingly bureaucratic legislative environment. Key opportunities included: occupation of a unique vegetable growing environment; capitalising on the area’s close proximity to city markets; and for a minority of participants, possible financial gains through residential housing development. Geospatial analysis demonstrated a large degree of rural fragmentation that can lead to adverse cumulative effects without the intervention of policy.Future research needs to focus on determining the consequences of continuous development pressures onto versatile land in relation to a country’s, current and future, food-growing capacity. This will be imperative as the population continues to grow. It will not only inform the environmental impacts of these land use decisions but also the socio-economic consequences that will aid with fully informed planning, policy and decision-making that account for a multiplicity of needs.

Residential Housing Development in China: Mainly Policy Driven?

This paper exploits the determinants of residential housing investment in 35 major cities from 2000 to 2009. Based on panel data analysis, empirical results suggest that residential housing investment boom is driven by urbanization, bank loans and economic growth. It is substantiated that housing investment is determined by housing specific factors such as housing sales and land sale price. One implication with retrospect to the historical development is the asymmetric policy effect of regulations: restrictive policies are less effective on containing housing investment while supportive policies are more effective on boosting housing investment. Market failure due to government’s discretionary policy thus occurs, resulting in the inefficient allocation of capital resources between residential and industrial land markets. Whether such development pattern is sustainable to the real economy remains to be explored.