Resident Perceptions Research Articles

Barriers and Perceptions Regarding Research Among Ophthalmology Residents in Thailand: A Descriptive Study

Objective: This study aimed to assess the barriers and perceptions of ophthalmology residents toward research and to discern the differences between residents with and without prior research experience before commencingophthalmology training. Materials and Methods: An online survey using Google Forms was conducted to collect data. The survey comprised three sections: general information, research obstacles, and attitudes. Participants utilized a 5-point Likert scale for reporting agreement. Results: The survey was completed by 122 ophthalmology residents, representing a 51.3% response rate. Among them, 54.1% reported having research experience before residency. The top three obstacles identified were “lack of statistical knowledge” (mean 3.80, standard deviation 1.18), “lack of knowledge and experience in manuscript writing” (mean 3.79, SD 1.21), and “lack of time due to routine workload” (mean 3.75, SD 1.15). Residents without research experience demonstrated significantly greater difficulties in research skills, manuscript preparation, and motivation for research submission. While overall research attitudes were positive (mean 3.20, SD 1.18), residents with prior experience displayed significantly more favorable dispositions across various facets of research. These were preferences, perceived educational and career advantages, potential for income generation, and enhancement of communication skills. Conversely, the non-experienced residents primarily viewed research as a graduation requirement. Conclusion: Ophthalmology residents encountered considerable challenges in conducting research, primarily stemming from limited statistical knowledge and inadequate competency in manuscript writing. Implementingtargeted support measures to address these barriers can foster positive research attitudes and encourage sustained research engagement among residents.

Medical Resident Perceptions of Distress during Training.

This study used a qualitative research approach to grounded theory to identify factors that contributed to resident distress during 2021-2022 in multiple different specialties and at different postgraduate years of residency. By better understanding these contributors to distress, the aim was to inform the design of optimal interventions to reduce burnout and other emotional distress. The residents enrolled in this study completed a demographic survey and semistructured interview. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data analysis included developing codes inductively, grouping codes into categories, and describing themes. Recruitment continued until data analysis indicated theoretical saturation/sufficiency had been reached. A qualitative research approach to grounded theory was used to identify themes and relationships among themes to better understand how the sources of distress affected the trainees of various specialties and postgraduate levels of training. Thirty-three participants (15 medical-based, 9 hospital-based, and 9 surgical-based residents) participated in interviews between 2021 and 2022. Seven themes described sources of distress and potential ameliorating factors: workload, support and community, culture, resident outlook, institutional resources, work-life balance, and coronavirus disease 2019. The grounded theory highlights that these factors can collectively influence work-life balance and distress. The findings of the grounded theory qualitative analysis were used to examine ways to better mitigate the sources of distress that the residents enrolled in this study described. As institutions strive to diminish distress among residents, they can consider opportunities to assess environmental factors and design targeted interventions for their institutions or programs.

Controversies over second-home development in outdoor recreation landscapes: A Norwegian case

During recent decades, there has been a steady increase in the number of second homes in rural municipalities of Norway. While second-home owners, as part-time residents, significantly contribute economically and socially to their host communities, the development has sparked concerns about the appropriation of natural areas in forests and mountain landscapes, the creation of urbanised enclaves within these areas and the potential challenges to municipal planning capacities and policies due to pressure from landowners, private investors and developers.We highlight three interrelated issues, focusing on opinions and discourses manifest in controversies over second-home development in a popular mountain destination in the southeastern region of Norway. First, we explore to what extent conflicts of interest between various private and public stakeholders arise from irreconcilable ways of engaging with land properties of the landscapes. Second, we analyse the disagreements regarding the allocation of responsibilities between the private and public sectors, which often serve as the foundation for controversies. Third, we examine how these controversies shape stakeholders’ perceptions and expressions of sustainability issues, especially among those with conflicting interests. It is concluded that the development process, increasingly driven by neoliberal public planning and land-use regulations for second-home developments, clashes with the common perceptions of residents and long-time second-home owners, who view the landscape as a collection of indistinct land properties. Landowners, developers and municipalities fail to sufficiently consider this, exacerbating the existing deficiencies in planning and regulatory processes and intensifying the controversies.

Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Research Ethics and Research Ethics Committees among Post-Graduate Residents of Neurosciences - A Nationwide Analysis from Pakistan

Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of post-graduate residents of neurosciences towards research ethics (RE) and research ethics committees (RECs). Methods: This prospective cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted by the Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, targeting post-graduate neuroscience residents throughout Pakistan during January and February, 2024. An English-language general questionnaire, designed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of RE and RECs, was adapted to reflect local conditions. The collected responses were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine measures of central tendency, percentages, and frequencies. Results: Out of 241 residents, 64.3% were males. Sixty-eight percent respondents were from neurosurgery and 32% were from the field of neurology. Approximately 47% responses were from the province of Punjab. More than half (51.5%) of participants acknowledged the existence of a REC within their institution. A similar proportion (52.3%) claimed familiarity with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects, only a slight majority (48.5%) demonstrated awareness of the specific functions carried out by RECs. Meanwhile, 44.5% expressed concerns that undergoing review by a REC could potentially delay research and pose additional challenges for researchers. Additionally, 27.4% of respondents admitted to considering the fabrication of data or results as acceptable. Conclusion: Our research uncovered a significant correlation between participants’ perceptions of RE and RECs and their comprehension of ethical principles. These findings indicate that medical postgraduates with a deeper understanding or awareness of research ethics principles and RECs tend to hold more robust attitudes toward these aspects. List of Abbreviations: AAHRPP: Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Program, DME: Department of Medical Education, DRAP-CSC: Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan-Clinical Studies Committee, FCPS: Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons, IRBs: Institutional Review Boards, LMICs: Low-Middle-Income Countries, MCQs: Multiple Choice Questions, MD: Master of Medicine, MS: Master of Surgery, NBC-REC: National Bioethics Committee-Research Ethics Committee, PMDC: Pakistan Medical and Dental Council, RE: Research Ethics, RECs: Research Ethics Committees, SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Sciences. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).11116 How to cite this: Qadri HM, Shahid R, Fatima SB, Naveed N, Khizar A, Siraj ul Haq, et al. Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Research Ethics and Research Ethics Committees among Post-Graduate Residents of Neurosciences - A Nationwide Analysis from Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(12):S55-S62. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).11116 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Smart Cities and Resident Well-Being: Using the BTOPSIS Method to Assess Citizen Life Satisfaction in European Cities

With rapid urbanization, maintaining a high quality of life (QoL) for city residents has become a critical challenge for policy-makers and urban planners. Smart cities, leveraging advanced technologies and data analytics, present a promising pathway to enhance urban services and promote sustainability. This paper introduces an innovative adaptation of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, integrating a Belief Structure (BTOPSIS) to improve the evaluation and interpretation of survey data. Our approach effectively addresses the distribution of responses across categories and the uncertainty often present in such data, including missing or ambiguous answers. Additionally, we perform a sensitivity analysis to assess the stability of the BTOPSIS rankings under varying utility function parameters, further validating the robustness of our method. We apply this framework to the 2023 ‘Quality of Life in European Cities’ survey, analyzing diverse urban factors such as public transport, healthcare, cultural facilities, green spaces, education, air quality, noise levels, and cleanliness. Additionally, our study offers a comparative analysis of BTOPSIS against other multi-criteria methods used for evaluation data from this report, showcasing its strengths and limitations in addressing the dataset’s complexity. Our findings reveal significant variations in residents’ perceived QoL across European cities, both between cities and within countries. Zurich and Groningen rank highest in satisfaction, while Tirana, Skopje, and Palermo are ranked lowest. Notably, residents of cities with populations under 500,000 report higher satisfaction levels than those in larger cities, and satisfaction levels are generally higher in EU and EFTA cities compared to those in the Western Balkans, with the highest satisfaction observed in northern and western Member States. To aid urban planners and policy-makers, we propose a ranking tool using the BTOPSIS method, capturing nuanced resident perceptions of living conditions across cities. These insights provide valuable guidance for strategic urban development and advancing the smart city agenda across Europe.

The development, implementation, and evaluation of a pre-rotation quiz to improve resident preparedness for an abdominal wall reconstruction surgical rotation.

Although hernia repair constitutes a significant portion of surgical training, education around more complex hernia concepts such as abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) or paraesophageal hernia repair may be lacking. We developed and implemented a pre-rotation quiz for residents on an AWR and minimally invasive surgery service. We also investigated the staff and resident perception of resident knowledge and experience of the rotation before and after quiz implementation. The multiple-choice quiz questions were written by clinical and research fellows, validated by four staff, two fellows, and two senior residents and implemented in June 2023. Questions assessed knowledge of anatomy, operative steps, mesh materials, clinical trials, and postoperative management specific to ventral, inguinal, and paraesophageal hernia repairs. Residents were notified of the summative quiz three weeks prior and provided with reference materials specific to quiz questions. Anonymous Likert-type surveys were distributed to staff and residents between 3/2023 and 3/2024. Responses were assessed based on the overall score as well as individual domains and then compared based on whether they were completed before or after implementation of the quiz. 17 seniors and 29 juniors rotated on service and all completed the pre-rotation quiz between 7/1/2023-3/4/2024. The mean first attempt score was 72%(± 12.4%) for junior residents and 88.4%(± 9.6%) for senior residents. Staff reported overall resident knowledge improved after quiz implementation (maximum 90, mean(SD): 46.25(± 8.58) vs. 75.5(± 11.24),p = 0.05). Sixteen(45.7%) residents responded to the survey before quiz implementation and 23(50%) after. Residents only reported improved knowledge regarding current literature (maximum 5, mean(SD):3.2 ± 0.98 vs. 3.8 ± 0.78,p = 0.04). Implementing a pre-rotation quiz effectively improves staff perception of resident knowledge and preparation.

Traditional village perception and protection behavior: the mediating role of local identity and the impact of different population differences

ABSTRACT The landscape perception and identity of residents in traditional villages significantly influence their conservation behaviors and are affected by multiple factors. However, empirical studies on how residents’ perceptions of village landscapes influence their willingness to engage in conservation activities, particularly within the context of China, remain limited. This study, therefore, focuses on residents in the southeastern coastal region of China and, based on the Attitude-Behavior Theory framework, constructs a “Perceived Value – Place Identity–Behavioral Intention” model. Utilizing structural equation modeling, the study explores the mediating role and related characteristics of place identity between the perceived value of traditional village landscapes and residents’ behavioral intentions. The findings reveal that both landscape perceived value and place identity significantly impact residents’ behavioral intentions, with place identity mediating the effect of various dimensions of perceived value on residents’ behavioral intentions. The comprehensive path coefficient rankings are as follows: architectural landscape perception, layout landscape perception, cultural landscape perception, and environmental landscape perception. Additionally, residents’ demographic characteristics partially influence their attitude and behavior. This study validates the behavioral characteristics of residents in the conservation of traditional villages and highlights the critical role of the perception-identity link in promoting conservation behavior. These findings not only contribute to the knowledge system of residents’ attitudes and behaviors in traditional village conservation but also have significant implications for the targeted preservation and enhancement of village landscape elements.

Assessment of patient knowledge and perceptions towards orthodontic treatment in the Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.

In orthodontic treatment, it is most important to assess the patient's perspective of malocclusion because these perceptions are fundamental to determining the patient's demands and level of treatment satisfaction. This study was done to assess the knowledge and perception of residents of the Aljouf Region of Saudi Arabia seeking orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, we determined the factors associated with the patients' knowledge and perception of orthodontic treatment. This cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-tested and validated questionnaire among patients seeking orthodontic treatment who were registered at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Sakaka, and primary health centers. We identified the associated factors using binomial logistic regression analysis. Finally, we applied Spearman's correlation test to identify the correlation between knowledge and perception. A total of 282 individuals participated in the current study, of which 53.3% were female and 46.1% were male. About one-third (36.9%) of patients had a low level of knowledge, 35.5% had a medium level of knowledge, and 27.7% had a high level of knowledge regarding orthodontic treatment. A total of 20.6% had low perceptions, 42.9% had medium perceptions, and 36.5% had high perceptions of orthodontic care. A significant correlation was found between age and gender, knowledge (p = 0.001), and perception (p = 0.040). Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between knowledge and perception (Spearman's rho = 0.297, p = 0.001). People in Aljouf have poor knowledge and medium perception regarding orthodontic treatment. We recommend that the concerned authorities make a health educational plan for the patients seeking orthodontic treatment.

Perceptions of potential cycling infrastructure in a low-cycling context: Evidence from a medium-sized urban area

A key factor for the use of bicycles for transportation is the presence of safe and pleasant infrastructure. While research mostly focuses on large cities, cycling infrastructure and use are still incipient in many small and medium-sized cities. Because of their spatial context and very low and demographically uneven cycle use, it is key to understand how the potential of growing infrastructure is perceived among the general population, as well as how these perceptions differ based on personal characteristics. We focus on Camp de Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain), a polycentric urban area where bicycles are used for transportation for less than 1% of trips, and where local authorities have shown renewed interest in expanding and improving the current infrastructure to increase bicycle usage. We examine the perception of residents in the study area regarding various bicycle infrastructure scenarios through a visual preference analysis using photo evaluation. The representative survey was conducted with over 1,000 individuals in 2022, which demonstrates a widespread willingness to cycle as a means of transportation. However, this desire remains unmet due to inadequate infrastructure and an urban configuration that generally discourages cycling. The results show a need for recognizable, safe and segregated cycling infrastructure, though with differing perceptions between gender and age groups and between levels of urban density. The understanding of diverse sociodemographic nuances in the preferences of non-cyclists emerges as vital for promoting cycling as a feasible and socially inclusive transportation choice, highlighting the importance of tailored infrastructure to encourage cycling and enhance accessibility.

Evaluating the Value of Eye-Tracking Augmented Debriefing in Medical Simulation-A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Debriefing after simulation facilitates reflective thinking and learning. Eye-tracking augmented debriefing (ETAD) may provide advantages over traditional debriefing (TD) by leveraging video replay with first-person perspective. This multisite randomized controlled trial compared the impact of ETAD with TD (without eye-tracking and without video) after simulation on 4 outcomes: (1) resident metacognitive awareness (the primary outcome), (2) cognitive load (CL) of residents and debriefers, (3) alignment of resident self-assessment and debriefer assessment scores, and (4) resident and debriefer perceptions of the debriefing experience. Fifty-four emergency medicine residents from 2 institutions were randomized to the experimental (ETAD) or the control (TD) arm. Residents completed 2 simulation stations followed by debriefing. Before station 1 and after station 2, residents completed a Metacognition Awareness Inventory (MAI). After each station, debriefers and residents rated their CL and completed an assessment of performance. After the stations, residents were interviewed and debriefers participated in a focus group. There were no statistically significant differences in mean MAI change, resident CL, or assessment alignment between residents and debriefers. Debriefer CL was lower in the experimental arm. Interviews identified 4 themes: (1) reflections related to debriefing approach, (2) eye-tracking as a metacognitive sensitizer, (3) translation of metacognition to practice, and (4) ETAD as a strategy to manage CL. Residents reported that eye tracking improved the specificity of feedback. Debriefers relied less on notes, leveraged video timestamps, appreciated the structure of the eye-tracking video, and found the video useful when debriefing poor performers. There were no significant quantitative differences in MAI or resident CL scores; qualitative findings suggest that residents appreciated the benefits of the eye-tracking video review. Debriefers expended less CL and reported less perceived mental effort with the new technology. Future research should leverage longitudinal experimental designs to further understand the impact of eye-tracking facilitated debriefing.

The power of play: uncovering the hidden impact of sport events on communities

ABSTRACT Sport tourism, despite being recognized as an effective activity for facilitating recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily emphasizes benefits related to economic aspects based on current research findings. However, the impacts of sports events extend beyond financial benefits, to various community benefits such as building community cohesion, fostering civic pride, and promoting progressive values. The perceptions of residents within hosting communities also significantly impact the success of these events, yet there are limited empirical studies. To address this research gap, this study aims to investigate the socio-psychological impacts of sports event hosting to address this gap. By introducing a theoretical framework and validating it empirically using 589 responses from a survey conducted among residents in the City of London, Canada, this study sheds light on the indirect relationship between psychic income and quality of life through an SEM analysis. Additionally, psychic income was found to have a significant influence on active support, indicating that residents who possess a strong emotional connection to the sports event are more likely to offer robust support. Ultimately, this study supports managers in the sport-hosting communities to obtain better resources and provide empirical measurements for the social impacts of the sport hosting, guiding hosts to engage fully with their communities.

Perceptions of Dental Faculty and Postgraduate Residents towards Learning Professionalism through DOPS Assessments of Implants

ABSTRACT Objective: One of the essential characteristics that define a career is professionalism, which encompasses commitments, actions, standards, and objectives. Background: The study was aimed to assess the perception of dental faculty and residents towards DOPS as a method to assess professionalism and also the perception of participants towards inclusion of professionalism assessments in the dental curriculum. Method: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted amongst forty three Prosthodontic postgraduate residents and twenty faculty members from ten different dental colleges in India in the year 2023.Views regarding professionalism were assessed using the Modified Australian Medical Council (AMC) DOPS assessment form. We measured Professionalism score from the DOPS assessments conducted six times within a year of the residents in different dental colleges of India. The resident was evaluated by two different faculty members in order to minimize subjective bias. The scores range from 1 to 5, with 1 representing the least amount of professionalism displayed and 5 representing the best. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics was done using mean score. Results: DOPS Assessment score of professionalism for Prosthodontic postgraduate residents and feedback from participants, post graduates and faculty at the end of last assessment was considered for conclusion. They showed increase in DOPS score and positive attitude towards dental professionalism. The participants believed that DOPS assessment is an effective way to improve professionalism. Conclusion: Academic dishonesty may continue with unethical behaviors in professional practice of a healthcare professional. Hence, it becomes vital to address academic dishonesty lapses among oral health sciences students to ensure the future safety of patients and improvement in patient care.

Resident performance and program perception following merger of surgical residencies

PurposeThe primary objective of this study was to gauge resident and faculty sentiments surrounding a general surgery program merger between two programs, and to assess the effect on workplace morale and productivity. Secondarily, the authors sought to objectively examine the impact program expansion had on in-service training exam results and operative volumes.MethodsThis was a single-center, prospective, observational study that evaluated surgical resident and faculty feedback pertaining to the merger of two regional general surgery residency programs. The survey utilized the Likert scale at merger onset and post-merger to gather responses from residents and faculty from July 2020 to August 2021. Secondary outcomes evaluated case volume and ABSITE performance pre- and post-merger.ResultsA total of 27 residents and 31 faculty participated in the initial survey. The merger onset and post survey investigation found that there was increased workplace efficiency (78% onset, 96% post; p = 0.004), and increased comfort with effectively triaging patients (41% onset, 83% post; p = 0.001). Satisfaction levels regarding research infrastructure and mentorship also increased significantly (63% onset, 83% post; p = 0.03). ABSITE performance and operative volumes were not significantly changed post-merger.ConclusionThe merging of two academic programs led to feelings of increased mentorship, operative competency, and workplace efficiency among the residents. This was achieved without significant detriment to resident case volume or ABSITE performance. Our investigation also identified legitimate challenges that speak to the need for fluidity in a residency program and the constant need for continued growth and development.

Qualitative exploration of determinants of active mobility and social participation in Urban neighborhoods: individual perceptions over objective factors?

BackgroundUrban neighborhood environments play an important role in facilitating or hindering residents to engage in active mobility and social participation. However, while there is much quantitative research, in-depth knowledge that contextualizes residents’ subjective perceptions of barriers and facilitators of active mobility and social participation is still insufficient. Therefore, a qualitative approach was used to collect subjectively perceived barriers and facilitators of active mobility and social participation of residents from different neighborhoods with objectively determined high vs. low walkability. Furthermore, to better understand (non) concordance of objective environmental characterizations and actual levels of behavior, low and high walkability neighborhood-specific barriers, proposed improvements, and particularities that determine (non) engagement in active mobility and social participation were explored.MethodsThree focus groups (N = 6, N = 6, and N = 5) with 17 participants (7 women, 10 men) aged 21–64 (mean age 43.4 ± 14,6 years) were conducted utilizing a pre-structured interview guideline. Participants lived in 11 different neighborhoods with either high or low objectively determined walkability. The focus groups were transcribed verbatim, followed by a thematic analysis of the content with deductive and inductive code categories, utilizing the MAXQDA software.ResultsNotable was the consensus of many perceived barriers and facilitators of active mobility and social participation along with their assignability to the same context (points-of-interest, infrastructure; safety, communication, community; topography, physical compositions, weather, aesthetics; personal / individual attitudes, influences, evaluations). Another main finding was that high and low walkability neighborhood-specific particularities were revealed that are in contrast to some objective characterizations of walkability: For example, too high density can inhibit active mobility, and too many options can inhibit social participation.ConclusionsThe consensus of many barriers and facilitators of active mobility and social participation suggests that valuable synergies could be created by coordinating interventions aiming to promote both active mobility and social participation in urban neighborhoods. Also, considering subjective perceptions of residents helps to identify neighborhood-specific factors that determine (non) engagement in active mobility and social participation. The findings can help city planners and public health officials improve the promotion of active mobility and social participation in the creation of health-enhancing urban neighborhoods.

Using the Environmental Health Disparities Framework to understand Black and Latino perspectives of a local fertilizer plant fire

In February 2022, a fertilizer plant fire burned for four days and displaced thousands of residents, who were mainly low-income and Black or Latino, from their homes in Winston Salem, NC. In partnership with Black and Latino residents and nonprofit organizations, we sought to understand Black and Latino resident perceptions of the chronic and acute health risks, as well as the emotional and financial effects that resulted from the fire, which included the release of nitrous dioxide. We used the Environmental Health Disparities Framework to guide this community-engaged research study, capturing through semi-structured interviews: 1) how residents perceived their community before and after the fire, 2) how the fire impacted physical and mental health, and 3) how individuals coped with stress. We used thematic analysis to analyze the data and identified seven major themes. Participants: 1) perceived their neighborhood positively, 2) were unaware of the potential dangers of the fertilizer plant before the fire, 3) experienced adverse health and financial effects from the fire, 4) took action to protect themselves from the impacts of the fire, 5) raised concerns about the environmental impacts of the fire, 6) raised concerns about the city's response to the fire, and 7) provided recommendations for future city response.

A Preliminary Study of Context Integration as A Determinant in The Effectiveness of Digital Mathematics Games

Contexts in the digital learning environment are one of the crucial components regarding students’ motivation and positive attitude development toward content. Although there is not enough guiding information in the literature about how contexts should be, previous research has shown that even digital game contexts are effective in developing students’ environmental awareness. To reveal the impact of contexts in the digital learning environment, it is necessary to consider the variables regarding the socio-economic and cultural status of the students. Therefore, it can be envisaged that the effect of digital game contexts may differ depending on students’ experiences and social environments. For this purpose, digital games were designed in two different contexts in this research. In these digital games, two opposite contexts were selected. The first context was focused on saving nature and green energy. This context includes different levels of digital games on topics such as solar energy, reforestation, and clean water sources. The second context was focused on unregulated industrial development that negatively affects nature by ignoring it. This context includes different levels of digital games such as building thermal power plants, building chemical factories, and turning forests into fields. Apart from the contexts, the other variables in both games (i.e., gameplay, artistic structure, levels of problem parameters) are the same. At each game level, students were asked to solve mathematical problems regarding ratio-proportion. In this study, the preliminary findings, which were derived from a large experimental study, were presented. The participants of this study were 15 gifted eighth-grade students from Turkey. Among the participants, eight students played the digital game regarding the context of green energy, and the remaining seven students played the digital game regarding the context of unregulated industrial development. Preliminary findings showed that students were more interested in the digital game regarding the context of unregulated industrial development as it included interesting and beneficial topics such as energy generation and economic development. The resident perception of the citizens regarding the acute need for energy generation and economic development rather than saving nature and green energy since Turkey represents a developing country may explain this finding.

Governing aging people in a rural commune during the Covid-19 pandemic: A case study

Based on the case study of a rural commune, this article analyzes how the challenges of ensuring the inclusion, participation and protection of older residents were addressed by local political actors and partly redefined following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. It appears that the mutual knowledge between the inhabitants, the proximity of public and private players and the relational and organizational capital of the people in charge are the main levers that can be used to govern older inhabitants. The research shed light on the gap between local actors’ perceptions of older residents, of their expectations and needs and the way older inhabitants themselves define their own place within the town.

Residents' perceptions of what makes feedback valuable in workplace-based learning: A discrete choice experiment.

Research on feedback has shifted emphasis away from its 'delivery' to consideration of the interaction between individual learners and their 'feedback provider'. The complexity inherent in determining whether feedback is perceived as valuable by learners, however, can quickly overwhelm educators if every interaction must be considered completely idiosyncratic. We, therefore, require a better understanding of variability in the ways in which feedback is perceived. To that end, we ran a discrete choice experiment aimed at determining residents' preferences and whether discernible patterns exist across learners regarding factors that influence perceptions of feedback's learning value. We performed a discrete choice experiment in which respondents were asked to read a clinical case and select repetitively between two feedback scenarios that differed according to six attributes identified from the literature as influencing feedback credibility: Dialogue, Focus, Relationship, Situation, Source and Valence. By systematically varying the levels of each attribute contained in the scenarios and asking residents to choose which from each pair they deemed more valuable for learning, a mixed logit model and latent class analysis could be applied to determine learners' feedback preferences and whether clusters of preference exist. Ninety-five elderly care medicine residents in the Netherlands completed the questionnaire. Their responses indicated that Valence, Dialogue, Relationship and Focus each accounted for about 20% of their preferences regarding the type of feedback perceived to offer the most learning value. Source and Situation were less influential, each accounting for 11% of the choices made. A latent class model with three clusters of respondents best accounted for the heterogeneity in feedback preferences. A total of 62% of respondents could be assigned to one of the three profiles with at least 80% probability. None of the respondents' characteristics (seniority, residency programme nor sex) were related to the feedback preference profile. Our findings suggest that 'how' feedback is provided has a greater influence on perceived learning value than who provides it. That said, variability exists in resident perceptions with no evidence (as yet) of factors that predict individual preferences. As such, tailoring to the needs and reactions of individual learners is likely to require open and ongoing conversations, and we recommend using the learner profiles generated through this study as a starting point because they provide classifications that could facilitate effective connections for the majority of residents.

Comparing ICT-related future development trends in shrinking cities: resident and decision-maker perceptions

ABSTRACT Digitalization and the widespread adoption of novel Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has transformed almost all aspects of society. Remote working, e-commerce and remote services have had a major impact on the lives of individuals, and they increasingly enable individuals to choose their place of residence regardless of geographical constraints. These trends also have a considerable impact on urban spatial structure and regional development. This study examines and compares the probability and desirability of how residents and decision-makers perceive the development trends influenced by ICT and digitalization in shrinking cities and regions. Based on the results the perceptions of residents and decision-makers regarding the desirability of analysed future scenarios are quite well in line, but there exists significant differences regarding the probability of these trends. The results and methodology provide valuable insights for policymakers and other decision-makers to make informed and more participatory decisions regarding future regional development.

Postgraduate’s Dermatology E-logbook – Perceptions of Faculty and Residents: A Survey

Background: Medical postgraduation is a learning/training period during which residents will be assessed based on their academic performances. Various tools are available to assess postgraduate’s academic work, one important tool being a logbook. Dermatology is a visual specialty, and there are advances in information technology and teledermatology. E-logbook assumes its significance in dermatology. Recently, E-logbook is used in various specialties in other countries. E-logbook has not been used in India in dermatology or other specialties. In India, E-logbook has remained only as a concept in medical education. Aims: A survey was performed to obtain the views/perceptions/suggestions of students and faculty for E-logbook in dermatology. Methods: We used a questionnaire for students and faculty of the dermatology department at a tertiary care hospital. The questionnaire which is based on the fundamentals that form the triad of E-logbook includes (a) principles, (b) benefits for students, and (c) faculty. The survey had 26 questions to be answered by faculty and the first 17 to be answered by students. Both students and faculty were asked to provide their reasons with respect to their views. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: Majority of the respondents agreed with P (0.001) for principles, benefits for students, and faculty. Limitations: The study was confined to students and faculty of a single dermatology department. Conclusions: Faculty and students favor E-dermatology logbook. Interesting cases and dermatosurgery/esthetic procedures can be stored, and faculty can assess and monitor the skills of postgraduates. We strongly recommend E-dermatology logbook app.