Resident Ambassador Research Articles

Start of the Seventh Volume in 2023 and Analysis of Publishing Achievements of 2022

Starting the 7th volume of the Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology we are becoming stronger, more mature, and resilient. Even though the Journal has been published for essentially 11 months of 2022 of large-scale war of Russia against Ukraine and Europe, the editorial and publishing staff demonstrated the ability to withstand the impact of war and continue to publish peer-reviewed achievements. In total, 32 articles were published in the volume 6. Among which, 10 articles were devoted to wartime challenges and gunshot wounds. Two papers presented cutting-edge microvascular and prosthetic techniques. Massarelli and Meloni reported a unique technique in a paper titled The “beveled one-and-a-half-barrel” fibula transplant with virtual surgical planning and CT-guided implant surgery for prosthetic rehabilitation in posterior mandible defects: a pictorial essay. Le and colleagues manufactured an exclusive tongue prosthesis which was well-described in an article titled Patient-specific prosthetic appliance for interim management of chronic orocutaneous fistula in the irradiated and vessel-depleted head and neck patient – a case report and technical note. Geographical distribution of authors in 2022 included five countries—Italy, Slovak Republic, Qatar, Ukraine, and United States of America (USA). The first quarter of year 2022 was also marked by the establishment of the resident ambassador position and the appointment of John M. Le, DDS, MD, as a real leader, to this founding position. Also, we were honored to see Michael T. Kase, DMD, a true expert in maxillofacial prosthetics as a new board member who can bring a lot of expertise to the Journal in this growing direction.6 Thus, by the end of 2022, the Journal’s editorial board has grown to 30 experts, enhancing Journal’s international vision and approaches.

"The Journey Back": The Evacuation of Overseas Chinese Never Depends on the Number of People, But on Everyone Who is Alive

"The Journey Back" focuses on the behind-the-scenes of the evacuation of Chinese diplomats, focusing on how unarmed diplomats crossed the last 100 kilometers that planes and warships could not reach, and brought 125 desperate compatriots home with their wisdom and responsibility road. On the way home for thousands of miles, the war is scorching, the desert is endless, and there are dangers everywhere, but just like the line of the former resident ambassador played by Li Xuejian in the trailer-"The motherland will not give up any compatriots, we will definitely take everyone home!" China The formal evacuation of overseas Chinese has always been a promise, no matter how far, how difficult, and how dangerous, we will definitely bring all our compatriots home together.

In Response to the Editorial “Meet the Founding Resident Ambassador: John M. Le, DDS, MD”

It is an honor and privilege to accept the invitation to be the founding resident ambassador for the Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Maxillofacial Pathology (JDTOMP), also known as DT Journal. I am excited to join an outstanding and diverse editorial board. In this new role, I aim to engage and recruit a diverse group of oral and maxillofacial surgery trainees from the United States and abroad to launch regular evidence-based discussions regarding the current therapies for maxillofacial pathology and advancements in oral and maxillofacial surgery. I hope to eventually create a board of resident advisors that will not only serve to promote DT Journal’s presence on social media, but also as peer reviewers. The requirements for the future of the program and its incoming resident members will include the following: 1. Promotion of and sharing of issues published by the journal on social media outlets (i.e.., Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn) using #dtjournalorg and #jdtomp. 2. Creating and sharing posts on one’s social media page as it relates to DT Journal using #dtjournalorg and #jdtomp. 3. Contributing to the journal by submitting an article of choice for peer review within two years of becoming a member. 4. Serve as a peer reviewer. All in all, as an inaugural program for the DT journal, the resident member requirements will remain dynamic and subject to change in accordance with the Editorial Board’s missions and goals.

Meet the Founding Resident Ambassador: John M. Le, DDS, MD

We are happy to continue adopting the best global publishing experience and traditions into the new year of 2022. To start off, we are honored to adopt the progressive tradition held by Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) journal. As a phenomenal journal with more than 75 years of publishing developments, PRS serves as a trailblazer for the Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. The PRS Editorial Board founded the Resident Ambassador position in 2014 after an unofficial Resident Advisory Board (RAB) meeting of four residents at the 2013 Annual Meeting.2 And now after 7 years, the PRS and PRS Global RAB includes more than 70 members across the world with six PRS and PRS Global Open Resident Ambassadors.2 The RAB serves both PRS and their daughter journal – Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open (PRS Global Open). The key missions for the members of the RAB are to participate in three of five activities: (1) the PRS journal club on Facebook, (2) the PRS Grand Rounds (a multipronged and multitopic live lectures with question-and-answer series)2 via Facebook, (3) creation of PRS promoting videos on their own social media pages, (4) supporting PRS and PRS Global Open as a peer-reviewers, and (5) voting on the journal’s social media pages. The search for a true leader to take on the role as the Founding Resident Ambassador for the Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology was an uneasy task. After an extensive search, we are honored to start a collaboration with an oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) resident from the state of Alabama in the United States of America. John M. Le, DDS, MD and his colleagues in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have made a serious impact on global oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty. Moreover, their article contribution to our journal in 2020 made a huge influence by attracting an international community of readers to our journal, making us enormously proud. The masterpiece was dedicated to the use of zygomatic implants for restoration of complex nasal defects. Thereby, the current academic achievements and research activities of Dr. Le serves as a model for other OMS residents in training. In general, his clinical interests include, but is not limited to head, neck and oral oncology and reconstructive surgery.

Pretenders, entrepreneurs, and mercurians: An ethnohistorical approach to conceptualizing diplomacy

ABSTRACT Despite being around for less than a century, institutional diplomats are usually considered indispensable to peaceful international relations. Unconventional actors outside the foreign services corps might be acknowledged for their occasional role in forging bilateral deals but are considered too unpredictable to ensure a stable global order. Challenging these assumptions, this article offers a new framework to conceptualize the repeated patterns and recurring logics of informal diplomats. As its primary case study, it draws on ethnographic interviews conducted in 2015 with Jumma Khan, a little-known stateless diplomat. Despite no institutional or state support Khan served as a consular, resident ambassador, ambassador-at-large, special envoy, and a delegate to multinational conferences from 1958 to 2002, when he retired. I argue that he achieved these feats by channelling three historically established diplomatic character-types: the pretender, the entrepreneur, and the mercurian. As a pretender, he mobilized support abroad to gain recognition back home. As an entrepreneur, he oversold scant connections to leverage a deal that made his exaggerations a reality. As a mercurian, he moved as familiar-stranger, able to quickly string new places into his dispersed personal network. The article substantiates each of these characters through comparable figures from across global history. Diplomatic actors from various places and times, enacting similar approaches and logics, collectively demonstrate that informal diplomats are not inimitable aberrations. They are instead ubiquitous, recurring features of international relations, and in many ways, more stable elements of transnational politics than institutional diplomats.

Zov partenopejskih princeza: Kosače i Frankapani u bračnim pregovorima s napuljskim kraljem Ferranteom

Zov partenopejskih princeza: Kosače i Frankapani u bračnim pregovorima s napuljskim kraljem Ferranteom

Managing participatory destination branding

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the contemporary interest in participatory destination branding. Because of a lack of empirical and evaluative studies on this form of branding, the current case study examines a volunteer resident ambassador program, which began as part of Aarhus, Denmark’s year as a European City of Culture in 2017, and has become permanent because of its success.Design/methodology/approachThe case study is based on official document analyses, participant observations of program activities, and interviews with volunteer program managers and volunteers who greet cruise ship tourists.FindingsFindings indicate that while the two managers and the volunteers all report on three volunteer roles – personal hosts, place promoters and providers of information – they prioritize and understand the roles differently. Similarly, the volunteers’ encounters with visitors are all unique, and this inevitably results in the conveyance of unruly and incidental destination images.Practical implicationsThis unruliness is not necessarily problematic: despite the wide-spread interest in the management of participative branding initiatives, it is seen to be the lack of explicit brand-centered management that fosters the program’s positive outcomes, including authentic and pleasant interactions between volunteers and tourists, which, in turn, result in positive attitudes amongst tourists toward their visit.Originality/valueThis study discovers that positive participatory destination branding outcomes depend on managers respecting the ambassadors’ coveted autonomy, and letting go of control of a destination brand. Because of the growing hostility toward mass tourism in cities internationally, it is also noted that a resident ambassador program’s success is expected to depend on residents’ positive attitudes toward tourists.

Information and Confusion: Russian Resident Diplomacy and Peter A. Tolstoi’s Arrival in the Ottoman Empire (1702–1703)

This article explores the arrival of the first Russian resident ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in a period when Russian diplomacy underwent major transformations. It focuses on Peter A. Tolstoi’s network and the management of information gathered during the first year of his appointment in Adrianople (1702–03). The article revisits the notion of resident ambassador, not as a hallmark of ‘modern European diplomacy’ with an overemphasis on the diplomat as a state-representative and office-holder, on the states system, or on institutional reform, but to suggest that a resident embassy in the early modern period was more than a formal, self-contained, and sovereign institution located in a particular place. The transformation from ad-hoc to resident diplomacy in Russian–Ottoman relations did not originate from the adoption of European diplomatic norms alone: it created new or relied on the existing trans-imperial networks of the ambassador rather than on bilateral inter-state relations. The example of Russian–Ottoman relations demonstrates that while the new diplomacy introduced by Peter I was driven by Europeanization and reform, the transformations emerged from the adaptation to circumstances in different locations and depended on the development of contacts embedded in the geo-cultural and religious entanglements of the region.

The Captive Self: The Art of Intrigue and the Holy Roman Emperor’s Resident Ambassador at the Ottoman Court in the Sixteenth Century

Abstract In 1580-1581, the Austrian Habsburg ambassador to the Ottoman court shared news of a remarkable letter and self-portrait that had arrived from an Ottoman subject in Habsburg captivity. Tracing the scramble for details on the matter and its import for Habsburg-Ottoman diplomacy reveals the structure, contours, and challenges of the Habsburg mission in Constantinople. The article argues that the image and the accompanying letter may be a forgery seeking to place the ambassador and the peace he was to uphold in jeopardy. Instead, the ambassador himself was captive to the factions, rivalries, and shifting loyalties in the borderlands that played out in the diplomatic culture of Ottoman Constantinople. This reveals the possibilities, limits, and ranges of control that early modern resident ambassadors had of their missions.

Communication & Conflict: Italian Diplomacy in the Early Renaissance, written by Isabella LazzariniDiplomacy in Renaissance Rome: The Rise of the Resident Ambassador, written by Catherine Fletcher

Communication & Conflict: Italian Diplomacy in the Early Renaissance, written by Isabella LazzariniDiplomacy in Renaissance Rome: The Rise of the Resident Ambassador, written by Catherine Fletcher

Catherine Fletcher. Diplomacy in Renaissance Rome: The Rise of the Resident Ambassador.

Catherine Fletcher. Diplomacy in Renaissance Rome: The Rise of the Resident Ambassador.

Communication and Conflict: Italian Diplomacy in the Early Renaissance, 1350–1520, by Isabella LazzariniDiplomacy in Renaissance Rome: The Rise of the Resident Ambassador, by Catherine Fletcher

Communication and Conflict: Italian Diplomacy in the Early Renaissance, 1350–1520, by Isabella LazzariniDiplomacy in Renaissance Rome: The Rise of the Resident Ambassador, by Catherine Fletcher

Opening Legations: Japan’s First Resident Minister and the Diplomatic Corps in Europe

ABSTRACTThis analysis shows how Japanese legations, first established in Europe during the 1870s, were not just symbolic gestures but played a key role in the Meiji government’s quest for international recognition. The concept of resident ambassador was unfamiliar beyond the European world, so the transition from sending visiting envoys to establishing permanent missions was a pivotal stage. Here a comparative framework gauges the importance of Japan’s new strategy within the context of similar experiments by states such as the Ottoman Empire, Persia, and subsequently China and Siam. The case of Sameshima Naonobu, Japan’s first resident minister in Europe, highlights the cultural barriers the Japanese faced. Assisted by Frederick Marshall, an Englishman at the Japanese Legation in Paris, Sameshima’s research on the mysteries encoded in this particular social universe offers some insight on the nature of the diplomatic corps in Europe.

Diplomacy in Renaissance Rome: The Rise of the Resident Ambassador

Diplomacy in Renaissance Rome: The Rise of the Resident Ambassador

Diplomacy in Renaissance Rome: the rise of the resident ambassador

Diplomacy in Renaissance Rome: the rise of the resident ambassador

“The intolerable business": Religion and diplomacy under Elizabeth’s rule

Within the scope of foreign affairs between Portugal and England during Elizabeth’s rule, numerous events indicate the challenges faced by the Portuguese ambassadors on their missions. Regrettably, little is known about these envoys and one rarely finds any reference to their names or their diplomatic accomplishments in Early Modern studies. This paper focuses on a diplomatic incident which involved Francisco Giraldes, a Portuguese resident ambassador in England, aiming to shed some light on “the intolerable business” that led to a confrontation with the Bishop of London, Edwin Sandys. Attending a Catholic Mass in the context of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement involved certain challenges that should be considered. Diplomats, however, enjoyed certain immunities, including the droit de chappelle, and were allowed to hold Catholic services in their ambassadorial residences. But in March 1573, while Mass was being held, Francisco Giraldes’s residence was raided by the Sheriff of London’s men, working under the Bishop of London’s instructions. The ongoing tension between the religious and the political areas of power was, thus, exposed. Two letters, written by the Bishop of London, included in the Lansdowne Manuscripts Collection of the British Library, registered the event. As Sandy’s correspondence appears to be the single piece of surviving evidence regarding this diplomatic incident, it stands to reason that its analysis will provide significant insight into the coexistence, as well as the clash, of oppositional forces, while further contributing to an interpretation of Anglo-Portuguese affairs in Early Modern times.

New development: Faith and foreign policy—a perspective from the Vatican

Religion matters in foreign policy as much as it does in domestic society and, to understand the world in which we live, we have to comprehend religion as a source of influence and motivation in people's lives. That is not always easy for foreign policy specialists and diplomats. Britain's relations with the Holy See go back to 1479 when England sent its first resident ambassador overseas. The Holy See is one of the world's most global bodies—touching directly 17.5% of the world's population through the Catholic Church. It is a unique hybrid of the global and the local, which helps to form global public opinion. Today, the UK's oldest embassy is working on a whole range of issues with the Holy See from tackling climate change, disarmament, international development, interfaith dialogue and preventing and ending conflict.

‘Furnished with gentlemen’: the ambassador's house in sixteenth-century Italy

This article responds to recent calls for a ‘new diplomatic history’ of early modern Europe with an investigation of an important subset of Renaissance diplomatic practices: those related to the house, household and hospitality. It considers the prescriptive sources, including treatises on the office of ambassador by Ermolao Barbaro and Etienne Dolet, in light of the practice of a small number of diplomats active in the 1520s and 30s, in particular Gregorio Casali, a well-connected member of a Bolognese patrician family who acted as Henry VIII's resident ambassador at the papal court from 1525 to 1533. The article draws on a range of archive evidence, including diplomatic correspondence, notarial records and trial witness statements, and begins by assessing how diplomats in sixteenth-century Italy understood the house and household, highlighting the symbolic and instrumental functions of sociability. It then turns to some characteristics of diplomatic entertainment, examining attitudes towards splendour and the interplay between the diplomat's official and familial concerns. Third, it asks why the authors of treatises on diplomacy were preoccupied by the proper conduct of members of the ambassador's household, arguing that contemporary conceptions of the household as a microcosm of the polity have a particular resonance in the case of the Renaissance ambassador, a point neglected in recent studies of the treatises on diplomacy.

What Does the Future Hold for Chris Alexander?

It's not anyone who would choose-not once, but twice-to be posted to a country like Afghanistan. After all, UN's human development index, which in 2004 took its first comprehensive look in 30 years at that sad, troubled land, ranked it ijyd of 178 countries it tracks. And if you look at Euromoney's country risk rankings, Afghanistan is 18401 out of 185, just ahead of North Korea.The statistics are shocking, whether it's level of child mortality, literacy, corruption, or production of opium. The average life expectancy is 45 years. Then there's intractability of political and economic problems, 30 years of warfare, rivalries of warlords, strength of Taliban, lack of infrastructure, millions of landmines scattered throughout country, and number of able Afghans who have fled-though some have returned-leaving a huge talent deficit.Diplomats posted to Afghanistan face all of these problems in a country with a notoriously inhospitable terrain and severe security problems. The Canadian ambassador in Kabul is only Canadian ambassador forced to travel with bodyguards in armoured vehicle.Despite all this, in 2003, at remarkably young age of 34, Alexander, who had been number two in Canadian embassy in Moscow, put his name forward after Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade decided it wanted to appoint its first resident ambassador to Kabul (previously, Afghanistan had been handled from Islamabad, Pakistan).Seldom has anyone garnered more praise for his work as ambassador-one of youngest ever-or for his ongoing work in Kabul, after his two-year term came to end, as deputy special representative of UN secretary general for Afghanistan. Alexander has been variously described in articles as a wunderkind, rising star, young superstar, and golden boy, sensitive to Afghan culture, knowledgeable, persuasive, totally committed, and hardworking. Even normally scathing satirical magazine Frank grudgingly referred to him recently as hotshot former ambassador. In 2005, Alexander was named a young global leader by World Economic Forum and one of Canada's top 40 under 40.The dozen or so people interviewed for this profile echoed these heady assessments. Jawed Ludin, Afghan President Hamid Karzai's former chief of staff, says: Chris knows a lot of subtleties of political and social situation in Afghanistan. He is perhaps one of brightest and most capable diplomats that have come to Afghanistan over past five years. He played extraordinarily active role in diplomatic community in terms of relations with government. Ludin says that Alexander was a great help with disarmament of illegal arms programs and was active on human rights issues.I wouldn't normally follow a 38-year-old, but I would go anywhere with that guy, said Col. Mike Capstick, who worked closely with Alexander as commander of strategic advisory team for Afghanistan. Veteran aid executive Nipa Banerjee, who was head of aid for CIDA in Afghanistan when Alexander was ambassador, said he was the best ambassador I've ever worked for. Brig.-Gen. Dave Fraser, a Canadian who commanded NATO forces in south of Afghanistan, referred to him as an amazing man.There is a single, less happy theme, though Alexander shies away from discussing it. A number of observers say that some in Canadian government resent Alexander's youth, success, and creativity and prevented him from advancing, with result that he left foreign service (albeit on a leave of absence) for United Nations.BACKGROUNDChris Alexander grew up happily as only child of Andrea and Bruce Alexander, a lawyer, in Toronto, where he attended Oriole Park Public School. The family was athletic, and Alexander was a good student. He moved on to UTS, private University of Toronto Schools, where he made many longtime friends, including James Appathurai, NATO spokesperson with whom he made joint appearances in Ottawa and Toronto in early 2007 to press case for Afghanistan. …

Echoes of Women's Voices: Music, Art, and Female Patronage in Early Modern Florence (review)

Echoes of Women's Voices: Music, Art, and Female Patronage in Early Modern Florence. By Kelley Harness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. [xvi, 378 p. ISBN 0-226-31659-9. $45.] Music examples, illustrations, plates, index, bibliography. Echoes of Women's Voices is an important contribution to musicological literature. Not only is it a sorely-needed comprehensive study of the musical and artistic works pertaining to the early seventeenth-century regents of Florence, Christine of Lorraine and Maria Maddalena of Austria, it is also a savvy critical study that demands of its readers a rigorous confrontation with some of the great, overarching questions of time: the interaction of critical theory with archival source studies; the translation of an inherendy masculine conception of patronage into the realm of women; and the profound interpenetration of thematic materials across sacred and secular lines. Harness's conception of women's patronage and self-fashioning as conversational reconfigures the usual muscular, monumental vision of patronage in a softer, more communal orientation that today we perceive as feminine. For example, William J. Connell's and Andrea Zorzi's edition of essays on Florentine patronage, Florentine Tuscany: Structures and Practices of Power (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), consistently refers to concepts of dominion, empire, ambition, and statebuilding. Harness, in contrast, writes of messages, depiction, perception, and communication. This new orientation draws in analyses, not only of finances and strategies of control, but also of thematic development, community, and kinship. The potential consequences for the study of patronage are profound. If, as Harness argues, all patronage may be perceived as fundamentally conversational, then we must redefine notions of power and how it is exerted. (Indeed, the word exerted now seems inappropriate to me. The phrase might better read, our notions of power and how it is communicated) This establishes a conception of power as something that is simultaneously commanded and freely given-a fundamentally social interaction in which all sides contribute to some aspect of the power relationship. As such, it generates strong bonds between ideas of power, rhetoric, gift-giving, and persuasion, and embeds the dynamics of patronage more deeply in understanding of other social and educational practices of the late Renaissance. Harness's point of departure for Echoes of Women's Voices is an analysis of the aftermath of a performance of Andrea Salvadori's and Marco da Gagliano's opera La Giuditta, given in for the visit of the papal nephew and nuncio, Cardinal Francesco Barberini, in late September 1626. Harness draws particular attention to the draft of a heavily edited letter from a Florentine secretary, Dimurgo Lambardi, to his colleague, the Florentine resident ambassador in Rome, Andrea Cioli. Lambardi urges Cioli to manage the Pope's interpretation of La Giuditta, steering him away from any idea that the opera was deliberately intended as a commentary on the current political quarrels between Pope Urban VIII and Florence (p. 1). Harness urbanely derives the foundation of her entire argument from the analysis of this letter-an exemplary illustration of close reading. In so doing, she also sets in motion a tacit dialogue with Frederick Hammond's Music and Spectacle in Baroque Rome: Barberini Patronage under Urban VIII (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994). …