Level Of Research Research Articles

Air Pollution in mining Industries has very adverse effects on Human Health, Flora, and Fauna, and proper assessment is needed around the mining areas

The rapid development in India has resulted in rapid growth in the number of Heavy Motor vehicles(HMV) and light motor vehicles(LMV). Automation and Demand in transportation have also resulted in a tremendous increase in the number of vehicles in mining industries. In a few states, this has doubled in the last decade. Mining activities contribute to the problem of air pollution directly or indirectly. Rapid urbanization and the growth of motor vehicles impose a very serious effect on human life and the environment in recent years. Heavy Motor vehicles in the mining industry, mining blasts, and Open fires are more significant sources of air pollution and are main important contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide(CO), Nitrogen dioxide(NO2), Hydrogen Sulphide, Methane, and other greenhouse gases. These are the most dangerous gases in the mining industry and not only in the mining industry but also to the mining surrounding areas and other areas. The most important emissions during coal mining, transportation, and active mine fires are Particulate matter (PM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and heavy metals. These air pollutants deteriorate air quality and ultimately affect human health, fauna, and the flora in and around coal mining areas. Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans, flora, and fauna. Adverse effects range from nausea, difficulty in breathing and skin irritations, birth defects, blood, lung cancer, etc. in and around the coal mining areas. All these situations indicate that air pollution in mining areas is becoming an affected problem in the Indian context and also in the rest of the world. The present paper includes a study done on the Jharia coalfield. Due to mining, the criteria most affected are air, water, soil, vegetation, agricultural land, and topography. There is an essential need to build up a healthy environment and increase the level of research and awareness around the world. The present paper is a study of an increase in air pollution in India, especially in mining areas, and its effect on human health, fauna, and flora. The conventional coal fuel cycle is among the most destructive activities on the earth, threatening health, polluting the air, and water, harming the land, and contributing to global warming, and environmental temperature rise. The major sources contributing to air pollution in coal mining-related activities and active mine fires and secondarily vehicular emissions, while windblown dust through unpaved roads also contributed to some extent. It is therefore important that a systematic study on coal mining areas is carried out to assess the effects of coal mining on the particular region and its environment, including, cultural, historical, and social aspects.

An assessment of the determinants of licensing of university patents: a survey of Spanish universities

PropósitoEste trabajo intenta arrojar luz sobre qué factores pueden influir, positiva o negativamente, en la decisión de licenciar una patente de una universidad, con el fin de ofrecer algunas recomendaciones que puedan contribuir a aumentar el número de patentes universitarias.Diseño de la investigaciónBasado en una muestra de investigadores en universidades españolas que ya han registrado patentes, este trabajo muestra que los factores individuales superan a los factores institucionales a la hora de determinar la decisión de patentar una invención. Asimismo, la probabilidad de patentar una invención es mayor cuando el nivel de participación del investigador en el proceso es mayor.RecomendacionesLos resultados de nuestro estudio nos permiten afirmar que, en el ámbito universitario español, los factores individuales juegan un papel más importante en la decisión de solicitar una patente que los factores institucionales. En este sentido, la colaboración de empresas o expertos de fuera de la academia en la investigación a partir de la cual se otorgó la patente es el factor más relevante.OriginalidadEste trabajo es el primer estudio de este tipo que se realiza en Europa y concluye con una recomendación para reforzar la estructura y la funcionalidad de las oficinas de transferencia de tecnología (OTRI) como política básica para la promoción de la explotación comercial de la innovación en las universidades.

Ontology-based Precision Vaccinology for Deep Mechanism Understanding and Precision Vaccine Development.

Vaccination is one of the most important innovations in human history. It has also become a hot research area in a new application - the development of new vaccines against non-infectious diseases such as cancers. However, effective and safe vaccines still do not exist for many diseases, and where vaccines exist, their protective immune mechanisms are often unclear. Although licensed vaccines are generally safe, various adverse events, and sometimes severe adverse events, still exist for a small population. Precision medicine tailors medical intervention to the personal characteristics of individual patients or sub-populations of individuals with similar immunity-related characteristics. Precision vaccinology is a new strategy that applies precision medicine to the development, administration, and post-administration analysis of vaccines. Several conditions contribute to make this the right time to embark on the development of precision vaccinology. First, the increased level of research in vaccinology has generated voluminous "big data" repositories of vaccinology data. Secondly, new technologies such as multi-omics and immunoinformatics bring new methods for investigating vaccines and immunology. Finally, the advent of AI and machine learning software now makes possible the marriage of Big Data to the development of new vaccines in ways not possible before. However, something is missing in this marriage, and that is a common language that facilitates the correlation, analysis, and reporting nomenclature for the field of vaccinology. Solving this bioinformatics problem is the domain of applied biomedical ontology. Ontology in the informatics field is human- and machine-interpretable representation of entities and the relations among entities in a specific domain. The Vaccine Ontology (VO) and Ontology of Vaccine Adverse Events (OVAE) have been developed to support the standard representation of vaccines, vaccine components, vaccinations, host responses, and vaccine adverse events. Many other biomedical ontologies have also been developed and can be applied in vaccine research. Here, we review the current status of precision vaccinology and how ontological development will enhance this field, and propose an ontology-based precision vaccinology strategy to support precision vaccine research and development.

Introduction to the special issue on SysMus16.

SysMus16, the 9th International Conference of Students of Systematic Musicology, was held at the University of Jyvaskyla in June of 2016. SysMus came to Jyvaskyla on a rather short notice, a bit like a surprise guest. It had chosen us, so to say. Nevertheless, we were enthusiastic about the chance to host SysMus and welcome young, motivated scholars from around the world to our little town high up in the North. After the first SysMus in 2008 in Graz, Austria, the conference has traveled around Europe and Canada, with the 2016 meeting being the first SysMus held in the Nordic countries, which made us especially proud to host the meeting.SysMus is a conference series for students-mainly at master's and doctoral level-of research areas related to systematic musicology. Because SysMus promotes systematic musicology as an interdisciplinary field that aims to study music from computational, psychological, sociological, and other nontraditional perspectives, attendees bring wide and versatile backgrounds in fields such as music perception, cognition and psychology, music information retrieval, music sociology, ethnomusicology, music education, and music therapy. SysMus gives young academics the opportunity to meet, present, and discuss their work with their peers and to participate in an international scientific event.More than 100 participants from 13 countries attended SysMus16, attending 50 oral and poster presentations. Besides delegate presentations, three distinguished senior colleagues, Prof. Mari Tervaniemi from the University of Helsinki, Finland (who has provided a summary of her keynote for this Special Issue), Prof. Justin London from Carleton College, United States, and Prof. Ralph Spintge from the University of Music and Drama, Hamburg, Germany, were invited to give keynote speeches on aspects of music perception, cognition, neuroscience, therapy, and medicine. Furthermore, members of the host department gave hands-on workshops on equipment, tools, and techniques developed and practiced at the institution, including motion capture, music information retrieval, heart-rate variability tools, vibroacoustic therapy, and active music therapy.Not only is SysMus a forum for young scholars to experience being at a conference, it also gives young scholars the opportunity to organize a conference. The organizing committee of SysMus16 consisted of 10 bachelor's, master's, and doctoral students from seven different countries and four senior members from the Jyvaskyla Music Department. Students participated in all the necessary steps, from making a budget and applying for funding to creating the scientific and social program attending to all the necessary details.SysMus16 is the first to present a Special Issue of selected conference papers. This special issue reflects the diversity of the presentations at the conference including papers on music perception, music psychology, music and movement, music education, and music therapy. …

Evaluation of h and h-type Indices for Research Performance at Researcher's Level

Various new performance evaluation indices for impact have been proposed and studied in various contexts. This study carried out a quantitative evaluation of the case of Malaysian engineering researchers at the micro level using a scientometric approach. In order to understand the behavior of new developments, a comparative performance evaluation is carried out of h-index, a set of h-type indices along with publication and citation metrics. Findings are compared with earlier major studies. We looked for institutional h-index and researchers’ h-index scores and did not find any relationship. Exploratory Factor Analysis is employed to examine the valid categorization and to study the underlying dimensions of the studied metrics and indices. The inter-correlation among h-index, its variants, and traditional metrics is probed in detail. The h, q and g-indices along with publication and citation hold the position on ‘quantity of the productive core’, while the R index showed equal loading on both cores. For the case of Malaysian engineering researchers, two conspicuous findings are observed about the total citation and g-index. These have association with the first component named as ‘quantity of the productive core.’ Our findings strengthen the point that citation count has a strong association with the ‘quantity of the productive core’ and cannot be used as sole impact evaluation measure.

Visual Text Mining: Ensuring the Presence of Relevant Studies in Systematic Literature Reviews

One of the activities associated with the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) process is the selection review of primary studies. When the researcher faces large volumes of primary studies to be analyzed, the process used to select studies can be arduous. In a previous experiment, we conducted a pilot test to compare the performance and accuracy of PhD students in conducting the selection review activity manually and using Visual Text Mining (VTM) techniques. The goal of this paper is to describe a replication study involving PhD and Master students. The replication study uses the same experimental design and materials of the original experiment. This study also aims to investigate whether the researcher's level of experience with conducting SLRs and research in general impacts the outcome of the primary study selection step of the SLR process. The replication results have confirmed the outcomes of the original experiment, i.e., VTM is promising and can improve the performance of the selection review of primary studies. We also observed that both accuracy and performance increase in function of the researcher's experience level in conducting SLRs. The use of VTM can indeed be beneficial during the selection review activity.

The classification of biomedical journals by research level

A new method of classification of biomedical research journals by research level (RL) into clinical or basic, or somewhere in between, is described that updates the system developed by CHI Research Inc. nearly 30 years ago. It is based on counting articles that have one of about 100 “clinical” title words, or one of a similar number of “basic” title words, or both. It allows over 3000 journals in the Science Citation Index (or other databases) to be classified rapidly and transparently, for changes in their research level with time, and for many individual papers in “mixed” journals to be categorised as clinical or basic.