Research Variables Research Articles

The prevalence of burnout and coping strategies among Palestinian health professionals: a cross sectional study

IntroductionDuring times of conflict, healthcare personnel face a heightened vulnerability to experiencing psychological problems such as burnout. The impact of conflict or wars on mental health professionals in Palestine and their strategies for managing these problems are currently not recognized. This study sought to assess the prevalence of burnout symptoms and coping strategies among healthcare workers in Palestine, in the context of the ongoing conflict and political violence.MethodsThe study utilized a cross-sectional research design. Self-reported questionnaires, including the shortened version (9 items) of The Maslach Burnout Questionnaire and Brief COPE scales, were used to gather data. The relationship between the research variables and burn symptoms was investigated using Chi-squared test, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney, and Analysis of variance and multi-regression.ResultsA total of 713 participants were recruited. The prevalence rates were as follows: burnout—(72.9%), emotional exhaustion (44.2%), depersonalization (9.8%), and low personal accomplishment (72.2%). The multivariate analysis found that those who worked more than 16 h per day and those who had 1–15 years of job experience were more likely to had emotional exhaustion. Active coping, substance use, informational support, and emotional support all reduced the likelihood of burnout while behavioral disengagement and self-blame increased the possibility of experiencing burnout. Finally, substance use decreased emotional exhaustion, increased depersonalization and enhanced personal accomplishment.ConclusionThe findings revealed a high prevalence of burnout among health professionals during wartime and political violence. As a result, health professionals are vulnerable to mental problems during political violence and they need immediate assistance in enhancing their mental wellbeing through psychological support, and comprehensive training in stress management.

Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide at Normal Body Temperature and in the Cold on Isolated Tail and Carotid Arteries from Rats and TRPA1 Knockout and Wild-Type Mice

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that modulates vascular tone, causing either vasodilation or vasoconstriction depending on the vascular bed, species, and experimental conditions. The cold-sensitive transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) channel mediates H2S-induced effects; however, its contribution to the vasomotor responses of different arteries at different temperatures has remained unclear. Here, we aimed to fill this gap by comparing the effects of sodium sulfide (Na2S), which is a fast-releasing H2S donor, on the isolated carotid and tail skin arteries of rats and mice at cold and normal body temperature with wire myography. Under the same circumstances, we also aimed to compare the effects of the canonical endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively. Methods: We isolated the carotid and tail arteries from 32 adult Wistar rats and 64 TRPA1 knockout and wild-type mice, and then we studied their vasomotor responses to increasing doses (10−6–10−3 M) of Na2S as well as to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (10−5 M for both) at 37 °C and in cold (17 or 20 °C). Results: In rat vessels, Na2S caused constriction of the carotids and relaxation of the tail arteries, which were not influenced by temperature. In mouse carotids, Na2S caused vasorelaxation, which was more pronounced in the cold at a lower dose (10−4 M). At a higher dose (10−3 M), the dilation was markedly attenuated in the absence of the TRPA1 channel. In the mouse tail arteries, Na2S caused vasorelaxation at 37 °C and vasocontraction in the cold. The genetic blockade of TRPA1 channels did not influence the vasomotor responses of the mouse tail arteries. Sodium nitroprusside-induced vasorelaxation was not influenced by any of the investigated factors, while acetylcholine-induced dilation decreased in the cold in all vessel types. Conclusions: Our results reveal the function of TRPA1 in the H2S-induced dilation of carotid arteries in mice. We also highlight interspecies differences in the vasomotor responses between rats and mice, as well as the importance of the effect of temperature on vascular responses. The implementation of the identified variables in future research can advance our understanding of cardiovascular physiology, especially in conditions with hypothermia (either accidental or therapeutic).

Mobile measurements with bicycles: a systematic review applied to the thermal environment of urban microclimates

This study concerns in to collect, via a systematic review, papers from international academic researches that employed bicycles only to collect primary data on environmental variables for research on microclimatic thermal problems in urban contexts and others. Three international article search platforms were used. After reading the titles, abstracts, and entire works, 13 articles were chosen that employed bicycles in their mobile transects between 2011 and 2023. The analytical methodologies connected them to the thermal environment employed by the research, such as the primary characterizers of urban morphology, were visible from this. It is worth emphasizing that, while the platforms offer outstanding results in terms of article discovery, it is know that there are additional publications that employed similar technique but did not appear in the platforms' results. Six more items were discovered that were absent from the chosen search engines. It is significant to observe that, after looking over the 19 articles, the most part of them were only released in the past 25 years, with the oldest being found in 1998. Research has indicated that the use of bicycles to collect environmental data is related to the possibility that bicycles are more accessible than cars and more safety than walking along cities, moreover, this approach is less expensive. Apart from the several benefits that studies utilizing this methodology observed, it is believed that bicycles would be a more environmentally responsible and sustainable mode of transportation than alternatives. In this manner, it is hoped that additional research utilizing the effective mobile measurement technique with bicycles would be carried out in the future.

The Impact of Total Quality Management on Academic Accreditation (An Analytical Study of Some Employees at the University of Nahrain, College of Business Economics)

The research aimed to know the total quality management and its impact and relationship with academic accreditation in higher education institutions. The research community included the administrative staff and teaching staff at the College of Business Economics - University of Nahrain, and to determine the role of the research variables of total quality management and its dimensions (supporting senior management, continuous improvement, focusing on students, building work teams, training and empowering employees) and the second variable, academic accreditation, in the success and education of educational institutions and achieving scientific and educational goals in terms of job qualifications and their impact on the institution in addition to improving the solidity of these educational institutions. The research shed light on the academic accreditation system, which is considered one of the main and important systems in managing the activities and programs of higher education institutions. To achieve the research objectives, the descriptive analytical approach was used, as studies and research related to the research variables were used in the theoretical aspect. As for the practical aspect, the researcher used the questionnaire to analyze and describe the paragraphs of the questionnaire and the dimensions and variables of the research, and to shed light on the variation and distribution of these elements in the College of Business Economics. The researcher formulated a set of hypotheses that show the relationship of correlation and influence between the variables. The researcher distributed the questionnaire to the research sample of the teaching and administrative staff, whose number was (136). To analyze this questionnaire, the statistical program SPSS and AMOS, one of the SPSS add-ons, were used. This program was used to reach the results and confirm the validity of the hypotheses. In conclusion, a set of conclusions and recommendations were reached, the most important of which is that the teaching staff enjoys efficiency and excellence, which qualifies them to provide a distinguished scientific level. In addition, the college suffers from a shortage in periodic maintenance programs for equipment and means. As for the recommendations, we summarize them by providing material and moral support to faculty members to participate in scientific research and publish in prestigious journals. And encouraging cooperation between departments and various research centers to enhance interdisciplinary research.

Strengthening Transformational Leadership, Professional Competency, and E-Learning Quality in an Effort to Improve Teacher Performance through Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable: Research Using Path Analysis and SITOREM Method on Teachers of B Accreditation Ranked Vocational Schools in South Tangerang City

Nanik Indah Setyani, this study aims to analyze and find strategies and ways to improve teacher performance through efforts to strengthen transformational leadership, teacher professional competence, e-learning quality and organizational commitment. This study uses the path analysis method to determine the direct and indirect effects between variables, followed by SITOREM analysis used to analyze the indicators of the research variables so that efforts are obtained to be made in improving teacher performance through transformational leadership, teacher professional competence, e-learning quality and organizational commitment. The population of the study was all teachers who teach at SMK Swasta Kota Tangerang Selatan Accreditation B totaling 255 people with a total sample of 156 taken using random sampling techniques based on the Slovin formula. The results of the SITOREM analysis obtained several efforts in improving lecturer performance by improving indicators, namely: 1) job knowledge, 2) personal quality and 3) affective commitment. Likewise with efforts to strengthen transformational leadership, teacher professional competence, e-learning quality and organizational commitment by improving, maintaining or developing its indicators.

Pengaruh Perilaku Hedonisme, Shopping Lifestyle Dan Fasilitas Terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Pengguna Tiktokshop Di Kalianda Lampung Selatan

In the current digital era, consumer behavior is increasingly influenced by the development of e-commerce platforms and social media, including TikTok Shop which has developed rapidly as an online shopping platform, which combines entertainment with ease of shopping. This has led to an increase in consumer behavior among users, especially those triggered by hedonistic behavior, shopping lifestyle and facilities provided by the platform. This behavior needs to be studied further considering its impact on people's consumption patterns. This study aims to determine the effect of Hedonistic Behavior, Shopping Lifestyle, and Facilities on the Consumer Behavior of TikTok Shop Users in Kalianda, South Lampung. The research method used is a type of Causal study with a quantitative approach, in this case the population and sample used are the community in Kalianda, South Lampung as many as 97 respondents. The research instrument uses a questionnaire and documentation with data sources from primary and secondary data, in analyzing using multiple linear regression test analysis. The results of the study indicate that hedonistic behavior has a positive and significant effect on consumer behavior of Tiktokshop users with a t-count value of 2.421> t-table 1.661 and a significance level of 0.000 <0.05, then shopping lifestyle also has a positive effect. While facilities do not affect consumer behavior of Tiktokshop users in Kalianda, South Lampung. The t-count value is 1.369 <t-table 1.661 and a significance level of 0.174> 0.05. The results of the simultaneous F test show that all independent variables together have a significant effect on consumer behavior of Tiktokshop users. The results of this study are expected to contribute to similar variables in further research..

The Mediating Roles of Customer Trust and Satisfaction in E-Service Quality and the Repurchase Intention Relationship

The rapid growth of information technology and the internet has changed how the company runs its business. In an increasingly competitive business environment, gaining and increasing market share is a priority for companies in the E-Commerce industry. The study aims to determine the impact of E-Service Quality on Repurchase Intention, mediated by Customer Trust and Customer Satisfaction on E-Commerce users. The data is processed using a quantitative approach using the SEM-PLS method. The validity and reliability tests are first performed to determine the validity of the data, followed by the analysis of Structural Equation Modelling to determine the direct and indirect effect between research variables. Research results show that E-Service Quality significantly affects Customer Trust and Customer Satisfaction. In addition, Customer Trust and Customer Satisfaction significantly affect Repurchase Intention. Furthermore, E-Service Quality does not directly have a significant effect on Repurchase Intention. However, E-Service Quality indirectly affects Repurchase Intention through Customer Trust and Customer Satisfaction. Based on the research results, E-Commerce users make online repurchases not only based on the quality of the service received but also on the consumer's trust and satisfaction generated by the product or brand offered, which can significantly increase consumer repurchasing.

Enhancing Competitiveness in the Business Sector and its Role in Supporting Economic Development: The Sultanate of Oman as A Model

Due to the remarkable technological development, the world has witnessed great interest in the areas of the business sector and competition between companies and organizations of all types and sizes. Therefore, this has a significant impact on the economic development of countries. The Sultanate of Oman is currently witnessing a huge economic and technological changes that and working to achieve the provisions of Vision 2040, which revolves around developing the local business sector to become the basic base for economic development. Therefore, this research aimed to clarify the role of the business sector in enhancing competitiveness and supporting economic development in the Sultanate of Oman. The researcher will rely on a group of previous studies that discuss and focus on the variables of the study, especially in the Sultanate of Oman. The results of previous studies found that there is a weakness in the ability of the Omani market to seize opportunities that enhance competitiveness due to the government’s control over a number of economic activities available for investment and implementation of local projects. There is also a clear gap in studies that contain the variables of the current research, so our research will be a wealth of information that will benefit other researchers and academics. The current research aims to clarify the role of the business sector in enhancing competitiveness and supporting economic development in the Sultanate of Oman. Therefore, the researcher will rely on a group of previous Arab and foreign studies that discuss the research variables to rely on valuable and rich information that supports our current research.

One size does not fit all in evaluating model selection scores for image classification

Selecting pretrained models for image classification often involves computationally intensive finetuning. This study addresses a research gap in the standardized evaluation of transferability scores, which could simplify model selection by ranking pretrained models without exhaustive finetuning. The motivation is to reduce the computational burden of model selection through a consistent approach that guides practitioners in balancing accuracy and efficiency across tasks. This study evaluates 14 transferability scores on 11 benchmark datasets. It includes both Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Vision Transformer (ViT) models and ensures consistency in experimental conditions to counter the variability in previous research. Key findings reveal significant variability in score effectiveness based on dataset characteristics (e.g., fine-grained versus coarse-grained classes) and model architectures. ViT models generally show superior transferability, especially for fine-grained datasets. While no single score is best in all cases, some scores excel in specific contexts. In addition to predictive accuracy, the study also evaluates computational efficiency and identifies scores that are suitable for resource-constrained scenarios. This research provides insights for selecting appropriate transferability scores to optimize model selection strategies to facilitate efficient deployment in practice.

Examining the longitudinal relationship between family conflict and bullying in Chinese children: The serial mediating roles of personal mastery and social anxiety

Family conflict has been identified as a significant predictor of bullying. However, there is a lack of research exploring the underlying mechanism of this association. The present study investigated the potential mediating roles of personal mastery and social anxiety in the relationship between family conflict and bullying perpetration and victimization. A total of 541 Chinese children (female: 53.77 %) aged 8 to 12 (M = 9.69, SD = 0.96) participated in this survey. The survey was conducted in two waves with a six-month interval. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on research variables. Results indicated that family conflict cross-sectionally predicted bullying perpetration and victimization. Furthermore, these cross-sectional relationships were serially mediated by personal mastery and social anxiety. The findings suggest that family conflict plays an important role in child bullying and that this relationship works through the chain mediation of personal mastery and social anxiety. Educators should pay special attention to children's personal mastery and social anxiety, as well as the adverse effects of family conflicts, to provide targeted interventions for child bullying.

Pengaruh Jumlah Penduduk, Pengangguran, dan Pendidikan terhadap Kemiskinan di Wilayah Eks Karesidenan Banyumas

Poverty is a condition characterized by insufficiency to satisfy everyday needs in situations not involving the will. Poverty can degrade the quality of human resources, resulting in lower levels of productivity and lower earnings. The aim of this study is to find out the influence of factors such as population, unemployment, and education on poverty in the Banyumas Ex-Resident Territory from 2013 to 2022. This is quantitative research, processing data using E-Views 10 software in the regression of panel data. The data used is secondary data from the Central Statistical Agency source. Fixed+Effect+Model became a suitable model in this study. According to the research, the population, unemployment, and education variables have a combined or simultaneous impact on the poverty variable.

Analisis Komparatif Kualitas Pelayanan pada Minimarket Indomaret dan Alfamaret di Wilayah Perumnas Karawang

The world of marketing in the current era has changed rapidly, moving from traditional concepts to modern ones. Therefore, business people and businesses should be able to adapt to the dynamics of market developments and be able to produce innovative ideas that can attract consumer attention to their products. Population growth rates also influence the actions companies must take. The size of the community's needs is also influenced by the ever-increasing population growth rate, such as Alfamart and Indomaret Perumnas Karawang. This study aims to find out the comparison of the determination of the five research variables related to service qualifications between Alfamart and Indomaret perumnas Karawan by applying a type of comparative research and involving 100 respondents who shop at Alfamart and Indomaret perumnas Karawang. By applying quantitative research techniques, namely collecting data through the use of questionnaires and then displaying it in descriptive statistics. The findings of this study indicate that there are important variations among five service quality factors: tangibles, empathy, responsiveness, assurance, and reliability.

Efektivitas Proper Body Mechanics terhadap Kemampuan Mobilitas Lansia dengan Kondisi Nyeri Punggung Bawah

Background: Elderly people are prone to low back pain (LBP). LBP can cause mobility disorders. One approach to overcoming pain in LBP is to apply Proper Body Mechanics (PBM). Objectives: The study aims to examine the effectiveness of PBM implementation on the mobility ability of elderly people with LBP. Methods: This quantitative study used a pre-experimental design with one group pre and post-test. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a sample size of 30 elderly people. The Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) instrument measured the research variables. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and N-gain tests using SPSS version 25. Results: The majority of the samples were middle-aged elderly (43.3%), female (56.7%), normal weight (40%), high pain level (56,7%) and had moderate mobility disorders (86,7%). The application of PBM increased mobility ability by 76.7%. The results of the Wilcoxon test obtained a p-value <0.005 with an N-Gain score = 0.65 (moderate effectiveness). Conclusion: The implementation of PBM effectively improves the mobility ability of elderly people with LBP. Keywords : elderly, mobility, PBM, LBP

A Nomogram Model for Predicting Clinical Pregnancy after Fresh IVF/ICSI-ET in Patients with Infertility and Endometriosis.

To determine the clinical and embryo laboratory factors that affect the clinical pregnancy rate of infertile patients with endometriosis (EMs), and establish a model for predicting clinical pregnancy. An observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Reproductive Medicine Centre, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China, from January 2016 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria were EMs patients diagnosedand treated through laparoscopic surgery, aged 22 - 37 years, who did not undergo surgery within 3 months before oocyte retrieval, and received fresh embryo transfer; and the causes of infertility included male factors, tubal infertility, intrauterine adhesions, and others. The exclusion criteria were EMs patients with combined uterine adenomyosis, chromosomal abnormalities, abnormal uterine structure, endocrine diseases, cardiovascular diseases and autoimmune diseases. The research variables included clinical and embryonic factors that affect clinical pregnancy rates, such as age, duration of infertility, type of infertility, and sex hormone levels. The outcome variable was the clinical pregnancy rate. The clinical pregnancy rate was 61.84%. This predictive model was built on the basis of the number of high-quality cleavage embryos, number of embryos transferred, progesterone on HCG day, infertility duration, female age, number of oocytes retrieved, and body mass index showing good calibration and discriminatory abilities, with the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.641 (95% CI = 0.599 - 0.684) for training set and 0.583 (95% CI = 0.515 - 0.650) for testing set. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed no significant difference (p >0.05) between the predicted and the true clinical pregnancy probabilities. The clinical decision curve analysis showed that both the training and testing sets achieved maximum net benefit within a threshold probability range of 0.4 - 0.8, indicating good clinical efficacy within this threshold probability range. The model for predicting clinical pregnancy in patients with EMs after fresh IVF/ICSI-ET had high accuracy, and can provide useful guidance for clinical doctors and individual adjuvant treatment of patients. Endometriosis, Predictive model, Clinical pregnancy, Nomogram, In vitro fertilisation.

Seismic performance of joints in coal ash slag concrete frames

This paper presents experimental investigations on the joints of concrete frame beams and columns with 20% coal ash slag replacing cement. The failure mechanism of concrete frame joints with coal ash slag as a cement replacement is examined, focusing on the impacts of two scenarios—concrete with 20% coal ash slag and ordinary concrete—on the failure mode and seismic performance of beam-column joints, as well as the influence of varying concrete strength grade when the coal ash slag content is 20%. The main research variables are the presence of coal ash slag in the concrete and the concrete strength grade. Findings reveal typical failure modes at the beam-end flexural plastic hinge, progressing through stages of initial cracking, yielding, limit, and failure. Joints without coal ash slag exhibit 10.3–16.2% higher ductility, while those with 20% coal ash slag show a 14% improvement in bearing capacity. The C50 joint with 20% coal ash slag outperformed the C40 joint in bearing and energy dissipation, with robust hysteretic curves meeting seismic requirements. Thus, replacing 20% of cement with coal ash slag enhances durability and seismic performance of concrete components.

성인평생학습자의 자기성찰과 시민역량 간의 구조적 관계: 대인관계능력과 비판적 사고의 간접효과

The purpose of this study is to analyze the indirect effects of interpersonal skills and critical thinking based on the structural relationship between self-reflection and civic competency of adult lifelong learners. To this end, data were processed using SPSS 27.0 and Amos 27.0 programs based on the data surveyed on 799 adult lifelong learners living across the country. Frequency analysis was performed to examine demographic characteristics, descriptive statistics to find out the normality distribution of each variable, Cronbach's α to verify the reliability of the measurement tool, and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to verify the validity. In addition, correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation between research variables and structural equation model analysis to verify the hypothesis. As a result of the study, it was found that self-reflection had a significant positive (+) effect on civic competency, interpersonal ability, and critical thinking. Second, it was found that interpersonal skills had a significant effect on critical thinking and civic competency, and critical thinking had a significant effect on civic competency. Third, it was tested that interpersonal skills and critical thinking had a significant indirect effect between self-reflection and civic competency. Therefore, in this study, interpersonal skills and critical thinking are important to improve the self-reflection and civic competence of adult lifelong learning, and educational support is needed to improve lifelong education policy directions and programs.

Improving the Quality of Fermented Tofu and Coconut Pulp Waste Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of tofu waste and coconut waste that had been fermented using baker's yeast to be used as animal feed. Tofu pulp waste was obtained from a tofu factory located in Oesapa Village, Kelapa Lima Subdistrict, Kupang City, while coconut pulp was left over from coconut milk processing in households and stalls in Kupang city and surrounding areas. The research method used direct experimental method and duration of fermentation time through prosimat analysis. The results of this study were tested using Student's t test with treatment R1 (tofu pulp waste and coconut pulp fermented for 12 hours), R2 (tofu pulp waste and coconut pulp fermented for 24 hours) and R3 (tofu pulp waste and coconut pulp fermented for 48 hours). The variables studied were changes in the nutritional content of dry matter (BK), organic matter (BO), crude protein (PK), crude fat. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on the research variables (P<0.05) and fermentation using baker's yeast. The conclusion of the study results shows that the fermentation of tofu pulp and baker's yeast fermented coconut pulp can significantly increase nutrition, so that it can be used as an ingredient in animal feed

영유아 놀이성 관련 연구동향 분석: 2009-2023년 국내 학술지를 중심으로

This study aims to examine research trends related to playfulness in early childhood. To achieve this, a total of 224 papers published in domestic academic journals over the past 15 years (2009–2023) were analyzed, focusing on publication period, research methods, research topics, and results according to each topic. The findings indicate that the number of related studies was relatively low from 2009 to 2011 but showed a notable increase from 2012 onwards. In terms of research methods, quantitative research was the most common approach, with the majority of studies focusing on young children. Regarding data analysis, quantitative methods, particularly correlation analysis, were most frequently used. The research topics were categorized into six areas, with the effects of playfulness on early childhood development emerging as the most prominent focus. Finally, based on the analysis of key research outcomes and variables across topics, directions for future research were proposed.

Understanding instructors’ tablet adoption for note-taking in interpreting: insights from the GETAMEL model

With the rise in popularity of tablets, professional interpreters were among the early adopters who integrated them into their workflow. Tablets have also become an indispensable tool for students, including those studying interpreting, who utilize them in the classroom for various purposes, such as note-taking. However, despite this growing trend, the traditional practice of pen-and-paper note-taking remains prevalent. Additionally, current interpreting textbooks primarily focus on teaching pen-and-paper note-taking skills. As interpreting instructors, it is crucial for us to familiarize ourselves with the use of tablets for note-taking in consecutive interpreting (CI). This will enable us to adapt our teaching methods accordingly and cater to the needs of the “iPad Kids” generation. The purpose of this study is to use quantitative method to examine the factors that contribute to the adoption of tablets for note-taking by instructors in the classroom environment. A questionnaire was developed based on the General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-learning (GETAMEL) framework. The questionnaire was distributed to teachers at prominent foreign language universities, foreign language faculties in select comprehensive universities and translation training institutions across Chinese Mainland and Macao Special Administrative Region of China. To provide comprehensive insights into the variables under study, descriptive statistics were generated using both SPSS 25.0 and Excel. These tools facilitated the production of detailed data summaries, offering valuable insights into the research variables. The obtained results provide insights into various aspects, including instructors’ knowledge levels and usage of tablet interpreting in university classrooms, their attitudes toward integrating tablet interpreting into teaching, and the key factors that influence their decisions to adopt tablet interpreting in their classroom practices. The findings suggest the existence of additional external factors that could be incorporated into the existing model. The paper concludes with recommendations on how to promote the integration of technology into teaching practices for interpreting instructors.

THE EFFECT OF DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE IN DP2KBP3A INDRAGIRI HILIR DISTRICT

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of democratic leadership style on employee performance, the influence of democratic leadership style on psychological empowerment, the influence of psychological empowerment on employee performance and the influence of democratic leadership style on employee performance through psychological empowerment as mediation at the Population Control Service, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment. And Child Protection, Indragiri Hilir Regency, located at Educational Path Tembilahan Kota-Riau 29212. The type of data in this research consists of qualitative data and quantitative data using descriptive analysis and verification analysis models, where the author uses descriptive analysis to describe the characteristics of respondents and research variables, while the author uses verification analysis to test the research hypothesis. Data collection methods use questionnaires, observation and library research. The statistical method used is Structural Equation Model (SEM) to test research hypotheses using SmartPLS 4.0 software. Based on the research hypothesis test, the results showed that there was a negative influence between democratic leadership style on employee performance. There was a positive influence between democratic leadership style on psychological empowerment. There was a positive influence of psychological empowerment on employee performance. There was a positive influence of democratic leadership style on employee performance through psychological empowerment.