Subject Of Research Research Articles

The impact of transparency and trust on user acceptance of contact tracing apps: Implications for the adoption of crisis response apps

Digital technology and smartphones provide great opportunities to support crisis response measures. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries introduced contact tracing apps (CTAs) to prevent the virus’s spread and identify infection clusters. Because wide acceptance is necessary for these apps to work, it has been a subject of research. Past research often highlighted the role of trust for acceptance and suggested that technical transparency by opening the source code can help to build trust. For this reason, we studied the acceptance of two German apps: the Corona-Warn-App (CWA), which was developed as open-source software early on, and the Luca app, which did not publish the source code initially. We conducted a multinomial logistic regression testing effects on the adoption of (1) only the CWA, (2) only the Luca app, or (3) both apps. As predictors, we considered the role of trust in the app publisher and the government and controlled for predictors relevant to past research. We found trust to have a significant effect on the acceptance of the apps. A self-reported understanding of the term “open-source software” and a perceived threat by COVID-19 had a positive effect for the Corona-Warn-App or both apps but not for the Luca app alone. Being from Eastern Germany lowered the acceptance of the Luca app or both apps. Our findings can add to previous CTA acceptance research and provide insights for policymakers for future digital crisis measures, especially for populations comparable to the German population regarding government trust and privacy attitudes.

Do smart city policies improve energy efficiency? Evidence from China

To address air pollution and offer a convenient and comfortable living environment, the Chinese government launched a smart city pilot (SCP) project in 2012, accompanied by a comprehensive set of environmental and energy-related laws and regulations. Although academic interest in smart cities has surged, there remains a notable gap in empirical research exploring the economic, environmental, and energy effects of such initiatives. Taking 232 prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2017 as research subjects, this study measures energy efficiency by using energy consumption per unit of GDP and adopts a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to investigate the impact of SCPs on energy efficiency. The empirical results indicate that SCPs improved energy efficiency by promoting urban technological innovation capabilities and green total factor productivity, and this effect was more pronounced in cities that were more dependent on traditional fossil fuel energy sources and had more developed fiscal and financial levels. Studying the impact of smart city construction on energy utilization efficiency in developing countries, such as China, is not only significantly enlightening for China’s green and low-carbon transition but also provides reference opinions for constructing smart cities and the path to enhancing energy efficiency in other developing countries. The findings provide valuable insights into the global development of smart cities, urban sustainability, and high-quality economic growth.

Intervention combinations within multimodal prehabilitation and their effect on health-related quality of life, fatigue, and adherence in the adult cancer population: an umbrella review protocol.

This umbrella review will investigate intervention combinations that are provided as multimodal prehabilitation and their effect on health-related quality of life, fatigue, and adherence in the adult cancer population. Cancer and treatment-related long-term and late effects are a significant source of impairment worldwide. Multimodal prehabilitation has been the subject of intense research in recent years due to its potential to improve cancer treatment and surgical outcomes. Prehabilitation has been provided in different combinations of exercise, nutrition, and psychological support, although evidence of effectiveness varies in the literature. The review will consider quantitative and mixed methods (segregated approach) systematic reviews investigating the effectiveness of multimodal prehabilitation compared with any other or no intervention for adults with cancer (≥18 years). Systematic reviews focusing solely on unimodal prehabilitation or rehabilitation during or after cancer treatment will be excluded. This review will follow the JBI methodology for umbrella reviews. The following databases will be searched from 2001 onwards: MEDLINE, Emcare, PsycINFO, and AMED (Ovid); CINAHL (EBSCOhost); PEDro; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; and Epistemonikos. Backchaining and forward citation tracking will also be performed. Organizational websites will be searched for relevant gray literature. Two reviewers will perform title/abstract and full-text screening against the inclusion criteria, and disagreements will be resolved via discussion or a third reviewer. Relevant population, intervention, and outcome data will be extracted from included full-text documents, and the quality of reports will be determined using the JBI checklist for systematic reviews. The results will be presented in tabular and narrative format. PROSPERO: CRD42024511601.

Anti-diabetes and neuroprotection potential and primary safety studies of Isatis tinctoria L. hydroalcoholic leaf extract

PurposeNatural plant raw materials, previously underestimated in therapeutics, are becoming the subject of research for new applications in medicine. In our research, the hydroalcoholic extract of Isatis tinctoria leaf, rich in flavonoid compounds such as vicenin-2 and quercetin, was examined as a potential antidiabetic and neuroprotective agent. MethodsThe effect of the extract and its main flavonoid compounds on protein glycation, alpha-glucosidase activity, and acetylcholinesterase activity was tested. In vitro, in the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line and in vivo, using a mouse model, the safety of the extract was screened for. ResultsOur experiments demonstrated significant inhibition of protein glycation, alpha-glucosidase activity, acetylcholinesterase activity, and β-amyloid aggregation by the extract, in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract had a strong reducing effect and did not exhibit cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 25 mg/mL. Intraperitoneal administration of the extract to mice did not have negative effects on body mass, locomotor activity, coordination, and liver cell integrity. ConclusionsOur research sheds new light on this raw material and deepens knowledge of its activity. This may result in the recognition of its therapeutic effects and even in its introduction in the modern treatment of diseases characterized by pathological changes associated with hyperglycemia, oxidation, and inflammation.

Navigating the Future of Organisational Health Services Research in Germany and beyond: a Position Paper.

Recent analyses have shown that in health services research in Germany, healthcare organisations are often considered primarily as a study setting, without fully taking their complex organisational nature into account, neither theoretically nor methodologically. Therefore, an initiative was launched to analyse the state of Organisational Health Services Research (OHSR) in Germany and to develop a strategic framework and road map to guide future efforts in the field. This paper summarizes positions that have been jointly developed by consulting experts from the interdisciplinary and international scientific community. In July 2023, a scoping workshop over the course of three days was held with 32 (inter)national experts from different research fields centred around OHSR topics using interactive workshop methods. Participants discussed their perspectives on OHSR, analysed current challenges in OHSR in Germany and developed key positions for the field's development. The seven agreed-upon key positions addressed conceptual and strategic aspects. There was consensus that the field required the development of a research agenda that can guide future efforts. On a conceptual level, the need to address challenges in terms of interdisciplinarity, terminology, organisation(s) as research subjects, international comparative research and utilisation of organisational theory was recognized. On a strategic level, requirements with regard to teaching, promotion of interdisciplinary and international collaboration, suitable funding opportunities and participatory research were identified. This position paper seeks to serve as a framework to support further development of OHSR in Germany and as a guide for researchers and funding organisations on how to move OHSR forward. Some of the challenges discussed for German OHSR are equally present in other countries. Thus, this position paper can be used to initiate fruitful discussions in other countries.

Drought Resistance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)

Wheat is a grain crop that is farmed all over the world for bread, chapati, and biscuits. Specific wheat breeding and quality development projects that result in high-yielding, genetically superior, disease resistant varieties of desirable quality that are adaptive to growing conditions. Drought is one of the most important factors affecting crop productivity and yield. Drought stress has a variety of effects on crops, including molecular, physiological, biochemical responses and morphological. Wheat has numerous genes that control drought tolerance and produce a variety of proteins and enzymes, including Responsive to abscisic acid (Rab), late embryogenesis abundant (lea), proline, ligase, rubisco, carbohydrates and antioxidant enzyme (GST). The influence of water shortage on the morphological, biochemical, molecular and physiological responses of wheat to possible drought stress losses was the subject of this review research. Drought is a state in which soil moisture is decreased, resulting in a variety of agricultural changes. Drought reduces crop yield and leads to crop failure. It has an impact on morphology, agricultural productivity and other factors. The vegetative, reproductive which are essential growth stages are affected. Some plants have mechanism to tolerate those conditions. Nearly 50% of the crop production has decreased due to droughts. The various approaches like Quantitative trait locus (QTL) are employed for drought tolerance. Punjab produces 125 metric tonnes of wheat (in lakh metric tonnes), Madhya Pradesh(113.38MT), Haryana (70.65 MT) and Uttar Pradesh (70.65 MT) are the averages (20.39MT) whereas Rajasthan (10.63 MT). The review gives details on latest innovations for the development of resistant genotypes.

Numerical simulation on the pressure, turbulence, and λ2$$ {\lambda}_2 $$ vortex characteristics within the annular symmetric jet process under different vacuum degrees

AbstractThe jet impingement flash technology represents a paramount research subject in the domain of heat and mass transfer. To augment its commercial potential, the conjunction of annular multi‐aperture jet impingement with negative pressure flash evaporation is introduced in this study. The employment of an annular nozzle array is integral to the enhancement of the heat and mass transfer efficiency between the phases. The Realizable k‐ε model is used in this study. The negative pressure flash vaporization model was also developed by introducing a mass source term and an energy source term based on the Mixture model. The flow characteristics are characterized using numerical simulation. Additionally, the λ2 vortex identification criterion is investigated the vortex structure. The simulation results exhibit good agreement with experimental findings, demonstrating that a higher initial vacuum leads to a stronger flashing effect and a more chaotic movement of the flow group within the flow field. Thus, this study provides a reference method for the structural design and optimization of annular symmetric jet impingement negative pressure deammonia chemical equipment for engineering applications.

PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ICT BERBASIS CLASSROOM DAN QUIZIZ TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI STATISTIKA

This research aims to examine the influence of classroom-based ICT learning media on students' interest in learning in statistics material for class VIII B at MTs SA Tarbiyatus Shibyan Guyangan Krucil Probolinggo. The approach applied in this research is a case study using quantitative methods. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. The researchers' findings identified that the results of the research that had been carried out showed that in terms of the influence of classroom and quiziz-based ICT learning media on students' interest in learning mathematics taken by research subjects with a total of 20 students in one class VIII B at MTs SA Tarbiyatus Shibyan with results obtained sig < α (0.001 < 0.05) then H0 is rejected, the regression line equation is accepted or the variable is the influence of classroom-based ICT learning media (X1) and quizzes (X2) on interest in learning (Y). And getting Fhit = 10.929 > Ftab = 3.592 then H0 is rejected, the regression line equation is accepted or the variables X1 (Classroom Based ICT Learning Media) and And for the residual data normality test, it is found that sig > α (0.116 > 0.05) then H0 is rejected, there is a difference between the residual data and normal data, D_count= 0.215 <〖 D〗_tabel= 0.29407 (5%) then H0 is accepted , there is no difference between residual data and normal data. So in this research developing ICT-based learning media based on Classroom and Quiz really influences students' interest in learning mathematics.

PERAN PENDAMPINGAN UMKM TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN PENCATATAN KEUANGAN SEDERHANA PELAKU UMKM DI SWK TANAH MERAH

Writing scientific articles using qualitative methods because the use of this method can obtain descriptive results carried out during the mentoring period. In the process of writing the article, researchers conducted field observations to see the condition of MSMEs assisted by DINKOPUMDAG in the Tanah Merah Culinary Tourism Center. Researchers also conducted interviews to explore information about the role of mentoring for traders. The research subjects were MSME players in SWK Tanah Merah, the informants interviewed were 2 out of 8 traders because the two samples had represented the population. MSME assistance is very important for the understanding of simple financial recording of MSME actors because it plays a role in introducing, providing material, and implementing financial recording. Facilitators help MSMEs by providing relevant information, especially regarding simple financial records. The results of this study are that MSME actors can understand and implement simple financial records, know business profits or losses, and can classify personal assets with business assets so that they can carry out financial management properly.

The Impact and Mechanism Analysis of Clean Development Mechanism on the Synergistic Effects of Pollution Mitigation and Carbon Reduction

The establishment of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has greatly improved China's carbon emission trading system. However, due to the unbalanced development of CDM in China, the effects and mechanism of CDM on reducing pollution and carbon are still unclear. In order to explore the effects and mechanism of CDM on the synergistic effects of pollution mitigation and carbon reduction, we first set up a theoretical analysis framework. Utilizing panel data from 254 prefecture-level cities across China spanning from 2004 to 2021, we employ a synergy degree model of composite system to evaluate the synergistic effects of pollution mitigation and carbon reduction. By treating CDM as a quasi-natural experimental research subject, we construct a multi-period difference-in-difference model to assess the CDM projects' effects. Our findings indicate a positive association between CDM projects and the synergistic effects of pollution mitigation and carbon reduction. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that CDM projects located in the western region, areas with lower levels of economic development, non-resource cities, non-old industrial bases, and projects with Certified Emission Reductions issued exhibit the most pronounced synergistic effects. Specially, dynamic policy effect analysis shows that only non-resource cities and non-old industrial bases exhibit enhanced policy implementation regarding CDM. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that CDM primarily enhances synergistic effects through improved energy efficiency, technological innovation and energy transition. These findings enrich empirical investigations concerning market-driven emission reduction policy in China, shedding light on pivotal pathways for synergistic control of pollution mitigation and carbon reduction and offering valuable policy insights for comprehensive economic and social green transformation in China.

Researcher Subjectivities as a Conceptual Frame in Collaborative Research: How Exploring the Experiences of Adult Educators Led to Examining Researcher Lenses

Researcher Subjectivities as a Conceptual Frame in Collaborative Research: How Exploring the Experiences of Adult Educators Led to Examining Researcher Lenses

Factors determining outcome of tactile kinesthetic stimulation in preterm neonates.

Tactile kinesthetic stimulation (TKS) has been the subject of clinical research since the 1960 s, when it was proposed as a way to promote preterm growth and development. To find out the effect of TKS on weight gain in preterm neonates and the factors affecting TKS in relation to outcome. TKS was demonstrated to mothers in department of paediatrics. 124 Preterm neonates fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled. The time for which they are doing TKS was noted. Their weight was monitored daily by digital weighing scale till discharge and at one month of age and then average weight gain was calculated and correlated with various factors. There is a significant increase in weight of neonates at discharge (1.73 kg; p < 0.001) and at one month (1.96 kg; p < 0.001) when compared to enrollment (1.686 kg). There was a significant positive correlation between TKS session duration and mean weight change at 1 month follow up (r = 0.269; P = 0.003) and per day weight gain (r = 0.889; p < 0.001), as well as a positive correlation between average TKS session and weight gain when pearson correlation was performed. TKS sessions of 15 minutes or three sessions per day were effective in increasing the weight of preterm neonates. It was noticed that those who received three sessions per day had a shorter hospital stay (7.68 days) than two sessions per day (10.23 days). The education level of the mother, care giver, type of feed, and gender of the preterm have no significant effect on weight gain.

Evaluating strategies to recruit health researchers to participate in online survey research

BackgroundEngaging researchers as research subjects is key to informing the development of effective and relevant research practices. It is important to understand how best to engage researchers as research subjects.MethodsA 24 factorial experiment, as part of a Multiphase Optimization Strategy, was performed to evaluate effects of four recruitment strategy components on participant opening of an emailed survey link and survey completion. Participants were members of three US-based national health research consortia. A stratified simple random sample was used to assign potential survey participants to one of 16 recruitment scenarios. Recruitment strategy components were intended to address both intrinsic and extrinsic sources of motivation, including: $50 gift, $1,000 raffle, altruistic messaging, and egoistic messaging. Multivariable generalized linear regression analyses adjusting for consortium estimated component effects on outcomes. Potential interactions among components were tested. Results are reported as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsSurveys were collected from June to December 2023. A total of 418 participants were included from the consortia, with final analytical sample of 400 eligible participants. Out of the final sample, 82% (341) opened the survey link and 35% (147) completed the survey. Altruistic messaging increased the odds of opening the survey (aOR 2.02, 95% CI: 1.35–2.69, p = 0.033), while egoistic messaging significantly reduced the odds of opening the survey (aOR 0.56, 95%CI 0.38–0.75, p = 0.08). The receipt of egoistic messaging increased the odds of completing the survey once opened (aOR 1.81, 95%CI: 1.39–2.23, p < 0.05). There was a significant negative interaction effect between the altruistic appeal and egoistic messaging strategies for survey completion outcome. Monetary incentives did not a have a significant impact on survey completion.ConclusionIntrinsic motivation is likely to be a greater driver of health researcher participation in survey research than extrinsic motivation. Altruistic and egoistic messaging may differentially impact initial interest and survey completion and when combined may lead to improved rates of recruitment, but not survey completion. Further research is needed to determine how to best optimize message content and whether the effects observed are modified by survey burden.

Gender related incidence of frailty syndrome occurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation

Abstract Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the biggest challenges associated with the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in modern countries. On the other hand frailty syndrome is one of the main problems of modern gerontology and is also an indicator of a poor prognosis. The exact relationship between frailty syndrome and AF is still the subject of research. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the gender of patients with AF and the presence of frailty syndrome. Methods 132 consecutive patients over 60 years (58 women; 72,71 ± 6,73) of age with diagnosed atrial fibrillation were included. In all patients occurrence of frailty syndrome using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator scale (TFI) was analyzed. Having 5 or more points indicates that a patient has frailty syndrome. AF was also divided into types according to modified ESC guidelines: paroxysmal (first diagnosed AF + paroxysmal AF); persistent AF and permanent AF (long-standing persistent AF + permanent AF). Results Frailty syndrome was diagnosed in 59,85% of patients with atrial fibrillation, including 47,95% of men and 81,49% of women, p = 0,0002. The mean point value of the frailty syndrome was 5,31 ± 2,69. Women had a greater severity of frailty syndrome in general and in the physical and social domain – exact results are presented in the table below. Regardless of the type of atrial fibrillation, frailty syndrome was more common syndrome in women: persistent AF: 7,64 ± 2,53 vs 5,28 ± 2,39; p = 0,0226 paroxysmal AF: 6,18 ± 2,63 vs 3,88 ± 2,47; p = 0,0465, permanent AF: 5,52 ± 2,58 vs 3,86 ± 1,77; p = 0,0324. Conclusions Frailty syndrome is more common among women what can suggest worst prognosis. Existing of frailty syndrome was independently from the type of AF.

Research on Regional Carbon Emissions and Breakthrough Green Technology Innovation Paths——Based on the Perspective of New Quality Productivity

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif"&gt;The driving force of new quality productivity comes from innovation, and breakthrough green technology innovation is its important engine. Breakthrough green technology innovation is the core driver of new quality productivity, and it is an important support to promote and develop new quality productivity. Based on the panel random effect model, the model of regional carbon emission impact on breakthrough green technology innovation is tested, and the mediating effect model is used to explore the impact and path of carbon emission on breakthrough green technology innovation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that in the eastern, northeastern and western regions, carbon emissions significantly inhibit breakthrough green technology innovation. While in the central region, the effect is not significant. In addition, it was found that R&amp;amp;D capital investment partially mediated between carbon emissions and breakthrough green technology innovation, and the number of R&amp;amp;D staff investment mediated insignificantly between carbon emissions and breakthrough green&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif"&gt;technology innovation. Finally, recommendations are made at the levels of policy, enterprises, collaboration among research subjects, and regional development.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Thromboelastogram and coagulation function index: relevance for female breast cancer

IntroductionScreening and postoperative intervention of breast tumors are critical for the effective diagnosis and treatment of disease development, and reliable diagnostic/screening methods become a key link. ObjectiveThromboelastogram (TEG), routine platelet (PLT) count, and the coagulation function indicators in patients with different breast diseases were determined and analyzed to explore their predictive value in secondary bleeding disorders.MethodsA total of 131 patients with breast diseases, admitted to Jiangsu University Affiliated Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022, were selected as the research subjects. The detection items were analyzed using the receiver operating curve (ROC) after grouping for secondary bleeding disorders of patients with breast cancer.ResultsThe reaction (R) and the coagulation (K) times were lower in the malignant breast disease group, while the coagulation angle (α), maximum amplitude (MA), coagulation index (CI), fibrinogen (FIB), and D-dimer (D-D) were higher than those in the benign breast disease group. The t-tests proved that the MA and FIB values were statistically significant (p &amp;lt; 0.05) in the benign and malignant breast disease groups. The R and K in patients with breast diseases were positively correlated with the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and D-D, but were negatively correlated with PLT. The α angle was negatively correlated with aPTT and D-D, but was positively correlated with PLT. The MA for PLT function was positively correlated with FIB and PLT. CI was negatively correlated with aPTT, thrombin time (TT), and D-D, but was positively correlated with PLT. ROC curve analysis showed that the CI and α angle had a significant predictive value, whereas the correlation of the other indicators was relatively low.ConclusionCoagulation tests showed significant differences in patients with breast cancer, differing from those with benign breast diseases. TEG combined with conventional coagulation indicators is potentially valuable for the prediction of secondary bleeding disorders in patients with breast cancer.

EVALUATION OF E-LEARNING OUTCOMES OF MATHEMATICS STUDENTS USING THE COURSE COMPLETION METHOD

The current development of internet technology has changed the direction of the learning system at both elementary and tertiary levels by means of online, blended learning, and e-learning. This research aims to determine and analyze the learning outcomes of students using course completion during lectures using the eLearning method. The research subjects are Bina Darma University students. Data collection was carried out in this research through observation and taking primary data from the e-learning system. The instruments in this research include the independent variable (X), which is report completion, and the dependent variable (Y), which is elearning learning outcomes. The resulting research results are: 1. There is a positive influence from the activity task variable on the student learning outcome variable, which is known to be active in carrying out the tasks in e-learning. 2. There is a positive influence from the material variable on the student learning outcome variable, which is known to be active in opening the material. provided in e-learning. Multiple linear regression tests result from the course completion variable on student learning outcomes. It can be concluded that there is a positive influence on the learning outcomes of variable Y from variable X. Students can also share information or opinions on various matters relating to the subject matter or assignments given by the lecturer. Apart from that, lecturers can place learning materials and assignments that students must complete in certain places in e-learning for students to access.

Automatic Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis with Wearable Sensor Technology for Medical Robot

The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been the subject of medical robotics research. Currently, a hot research topic is how to accurately assess the severity of Parkinson’s disease patients and enable medical robots to better assist patients in the rehabilitation process. The walking task on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) is a well-established diagnostic criterion for PD patients. However, the clinical diagnosis of PD is determined based on the clinical experience of neurologists, which is subjective and inaccurate. Therefore, in this study, an automated diagnostic method for PD based on an improved multiclass support vector machine (MCSVM) is proposed in which wearable sensors are used. Kinematic analysis was performed to extract gait features, both spatiotemporal and kinematic, from the installed IMU and pressure sensors. Comparison experiments of three different kernel functions and linear trajectory experiments were designed. The experimental results show that the accuracies of the three kernel functions of the proposed improved MCSVM are 92.43%, 93.45%, and 95.35%. The simulation trajectories of the MCSVM are the closest to the real trajectories, which shows that the technique performs better in the clinical diagnosis of PD.

Deep Learning - Methods to Amplify Epidemiological Data Collection and Analyses.

Deep learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence and machine learning based mostly on neural networks and often combined with attention algorithms that has been used to detect and identify objects in text, audio, images, and video. Serghiou and Rough (Am J Epidemiol. 0000;000(00):0000-0000) present a primer for epidemiologists on deep learning models. These models provide substantial opportunities for epidemiologists to expand and amplify their research in both data collection and analyses by increasing the geographic reach of studies, including more research subjects, and working with large or high dimensional data. The tools for implementing deep learning methods are not quite yet as straightforward or ubiquitous for epidemiologists as traditional regression methods found in standard statistical software, but there are exciting opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration with deep learning experts, just as epidemiologists have with statisticians, healthcare providers, urban planners, and other professionals. Despite the novelty of these methods, epidemiological principles of assessing bias, study design, interpretation and others still apply when implementing deep learning methods or assessing the findings of studies that have used them.

ANALISIS SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DAN KEBERADAAN VEKTOR TIKUS DI PANTI ASUHAN AL-ISTIKLAL

Environmental sanitation is an effort to monitor and control environmental elements such as clean water and waste, personal hygiene in public places, clean and healthy food processing, and the absence of hazardous substances in the air. This research aims to identify and analyze environmental conditions and the presence of rat vectors at the Al-Istiklal Orphanage, Pekanbaru City. This research uses an observation approach and in-depth interviews to examine current conditions. Five informants were research subjects. The research results show that the sanitary conditions at the Al-Istiklal orphanage are still poor, as shown by SPAL: many piles of rubbish smell bad and do not have lids; rubbish at the orphanage is not sorted before being thrown away and burned; some rooms in the orphanage were not sorted before being burned; and Some rooms have an outdoor and adjoining kitchen, and the windows do not open. Several mice were found in the orphanage. Orphanages must pay more attention to environmental sanitation issues, such as SPAL, food processing, waste processing, and residential density, as well as the presence of rat vectors.