Research Questions For Future Studies Research Articles

Art of food: Systematic literature review of culinary creativity

The growth of competitive culinary culture and the widespread use of restaurant guides have increased awareness of culinary creativity in literature. This understanding extends beyond traditional media to evaluations and critiques found on social media platforms. This review examines the main characteristics of culinary creativity, with a particular focus on the definition provided by the researchers. The research profile outlines the publishing years, affiliations, and themes of the 4Ps, which were investigated using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The review focuses on the 4P dimensions: creative process, person, product, and press, adapted to culinary creativity. The conclusion section identified areas of gaps and research questions for future studies on the possibility of defining and measuring culinary creativity in different dimensions using the 4Ps.

Bibliometric Study on Geriatric Emergencies: Intellectual Structure, Prominent Themes, and Future-Directing Topics

Objective: This study aims to identify the intellectual structure, prominent themes, and diseases associated with geriatric emergency care. Additionally, it seeks to establish research questions for future studies. Material and Methods: Co-citation and co-occurrence analyses were conducted for bibliometric evaluations. The Web of Science database was utilized. Diseases mentioned in 939 articles were identified through thematic coding analysis of abstracts and titles. Finally, questions for the future agenda were prepared. Bibliometric analyses were carried out using R-based Bibliometrix software. Results: Co-citation analysis revealed two main themes: "Adverse Outcomes in Elderly Post-Emergency Service, Delirium Identification, and Multidisciplinary Interventions" and "Diagnosis and Management of Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Emergency Department Patients." Co-occurrence analyses indicate that the literature clusters around key themes such as "risk and prevalence," "management and epidemiology," "physical performance," "elderly care and outcomes," "elderly and community," "survival and prognosis," and "stroke and related diseases." According to the list of diseases, the ten most frequently studied diseases in geriatric emergency articles are, in order, Cancer, Stroke, Dementia, Depression, Delirium, Alzheimer's, Carcinoma, Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, and Heart Failure. Conclusion: Adopting a comprehensive approach is essential for improving older adults' quality of life and independenceHealthcare providers and decision-makers should take these findings into consideration, as they make significant contributions to the health and independence of the elderly population. Furthermore, questions for future research agendas have been formulated.

Assessment of flood mortality indices in a Mediterranean framework: A comparative analysis between western Algeria and southern Italy

Flood mortality is a serious concern requiring a better understanding of risk factors and their reduction measures. To understand the specificities of flood mortality between developed and developing countries in a Mediterranean framework, we created an accurate database of 242 cases of death recorded in western Algeria and Calabria (southern Italy). This database covers a 33-year period (1990–2022) and includes the time and place of fatal accidents, victim characteristics, circumstances of death, and victim behavior. In order to highlight the people's vulnerability, we have innovatively developed 13 mortality indices summarized in four complex indices: i) human, ii) physical, iii) environmental, and iv) circumstantial. The results revealed a decrease in high-mortality events and the annual amount of flood fatalities in both regions. The frequency of fatalities and the average number of deaths per year are higher in western Algeria, although the average number of fatalities per flood is practically the same. The flood mortality seasonality is similar oppositely to the spatial distribution. The assessment of mortality indices revealed similarities in vulnerability, except for the flood risk identification, rainfall and event death indices, which highlight the vulnerability of western Algeria, requiring prevention and protection actions suggested in this study. One of the research questions for future studies is to focus on the complex interaction between precipitation and basin-scale conditions, further strengthening the investigation into the role of victim behavior. Moreover, precise fine-tuning of proposed indices and their assessment procedure validation may lead to new practical recommendations for saving lives in future floods.

An extended review on Sharia governance studies from 1985 to 2022

Purpose This study aims to identify the significant scientific actors, reveal the intellectual structure and explore essential features for future research direction in Sharia governance studies. Design/methodology/approach The study applies a hybrid review combining bibliometric analysis and content analysis. It uses Rstudio (biblioshiny), VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel to analyze 457 articles published in 206 journals indexed by Scopus and/or Web of Science during the period of 1985 until the end of 2022. Findings The paper discovered four distinct streams of Sharia governance studies: structure of Sharia governance, Sharia governance and risk management, Sharia governance and sustainability and the effect of Sharia governance toward firm’s financial performance. Furthermore, it derives and summarizes 26 main research questions for future studies. Research limitations/implications In terms of theoretical implications, the finding contributes to the general literature on Sharia governance by conducting bibliometric analysis and content analysis. In terms of practical implications, this study suggests that Sharia governance should be strengthened by the management of Islamic banks and other Islamic-based businesses. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the early studies using a hybrid review on the topic of Sharia governance, allowing future researchers in this field to capture the trends and progress of current literature as well as the research gaps to be filled in by future researchers.

Reenactment in the GDR and the FRG. An Actor-centered Study

While the formative phase of the Anglo-American reenactment scene has already been well researched, a historicisation of reenactments as a popular cultural practice of visualising the past is still largely lacking for Europe. In particular, little is known about the developments in East and West Germany. This is the starting point for our article, which provides an initial reconstruction and classification of the developments in the two German states, which gained momentum especially in the 1970s and 1980s. Our focus is on the subjective experience of contemporary actors, on the basis of which it we trace how various groups of people interested in history in the two German states formed and consolidated and in which ways they were similar or different. It also sheds light on the political and everyday conditions under which people acted. On the basis of these initial actor-centered explorations, the text draws attention to desiderata for further research and suggests research questions for future studies in this field – for example with regard to the transnational relationships and networks of both reenactment scenes and the developments during the post-reunification period.

Research on unhealthy food and beverages advertising targeting children: Systematic literature review and directions for future research

The rising level of childhood obesity across the globe has escalated the worries of World Health Organization (WHO), health practitioners, policymakers, and regulators. One of the most prominent factors that promote unhealthy eating habits of children is the heavy advertising of food and beverages (F&B) targeted at children. This has deepened the concerns of stakeholders about the persuasion ethics of firms aggressively promoting unhealthy foodstuff to young consumers. This article presents a systematic literature review of scholarly research on the advertising of unhealthy F&B targeted at children. A systematic review of 70 peer-reviewed articles is conducted through the theoretical lens to present their contributions. Synthesising the findings of empirical studies, the scholarly research is classified into six core research themes. We elaborate on directions for future research: Theory, Context, and Methods and distil specific research questions for future studies.

Evolutionary perspectives on African North American genetic diversity: Origins and prospects for future investigations.

African-descended peoples of the Americas represent an amalgamation of West, Central, and Southeast African regional and ethnic groups with modest gene flow from specific non-African populations. Despite 16+ generations of residence in the Americas, there is a deficit of evolutionary knowledge about these populations. Focusing on Legacy African American, the African North American descendants of survivors of the transatlantic trade in enslaved Africans, we report on emic evolutionary perspectives of their self-identity gleaned from our interviews of 600 individuals collected over 2 years. Gullah-Geechee peoples of Carolina Coastal regions are a model case study due to their historical antiquity, substantial African retentions, relative geospatial isolation, and proposed progenitor status to other Legacy African American microethnic groups. We identify salient research questions for future studies that will begin to bridge the evolutionary gaps in our knowledge of these diverse peoples and the historical evidence for specific evolutionary processes.

Patterns of Focal- and Large-Scale Synchronization in Cognitive Control and Inhibition: A Review.

Neural synchronization patterns are involved in several complex cognitive functions and constitute a growing trend in neuroscience research. While synchrony patterns in working memory have been extensively discussed, a complete understanding of their role in cognitive control and inhibition is still elusive. Here, we provide an up-to-date review on synchronization patterns underlying behavioral inhibition, extrapolating common grounds, and dissociating features with other inhibitory functions. Moreover, we suggest a schematic conceptual framework and highlight existing gaps in the literature, current methodological challenges, and compelling research questions for future studies.

Perception accuracy, biases and path dependency in longitudinal social networks

Most studies on perceptions of social structures in organizations rely on cross-sectional evidence and lack a longitudinal perspective. In order to address this gap, we collected whole network perception data at three time points from a cohort of MBA students. First, we asked whether or not individuals become more accurate in their perception of the network over time. We found no significant increase in accuracy. Second, we examined one’s perception of his or her own direct ties and found a consistent tendency to inflate incoming friendship ties, confirming existing studies. However, we find that individuals were quite capable of recognizing the broader dynamics of social hierarchy (i.e., whether they were becoming more or less popular) even as they became no more accurate in understanding either the overall networks or their own ego-net. Third, we explored possible explanations for the persistence of perception errors and showed that most of the errors at time point two and time point three were due to a failure to update previous perception decisions. Finally, we shifted the analysis from accuracy at a given time point and considered the narrative arc of dyadic relations. Our findings suggest that stable dyads across time are more likely to be accurately perceived whereas other types of dyads are poorly tracked. We conclude by presenting possible research questions for future studies to further our understanding of the temporal aspects of network perception.

Why Do Korean Elected Mayors Resign? Applying Dobel’s Ethics of Resigning Model

Elected mayors pledge to serve their full term; however, some resign in the middle. Thus, resigning is one of the most important ethical decisions in their pubic life. Nevertheless, studies about the ethics of resignations are rarely found; those of elected mayors even less so. The purpose of this study is to fill the current vacuum in research by explaining why Korean elected mayors resign based on Dobel’s ethics of resigning model. A qualitative analysis of 178 resignation cases between 1998 and 2014 identified the most frequent reasons for resignation as: the erosion of integrity-related capacities; confronting moral conflicts; violating legal, professional or moral norms; and the inability to influence decisions. The findings provide theoretical implications and further research questions for future studies on the ethics of resigning.

Arthroscopic Reconstruction of Intratendinous Lesions of the Supraspinatus Tendon - a Systematic Review.

Intratendinous lesions of the rotator cuff of the shoulder are frequent and may be a distinct clinical entity. Nevertheless, there are only a few publications which deal specifically with this subject. This study analyses the existing literature for the arthroscopic reconstruction of the intratendinous lesion of the supraspinatus tendon, by means of a systematic review, and identifies relevant research questions for future studies. In January 2017, a systematic review of the U. S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed) Database and the Cochrane Library was conducted using the PRISMA checklist. The search words were "supraspinatus" and "interstitial"; "supraspinatus", "tear" and "intratendinous"; "supraspinatus" and "concealed". In the course of the review, articles written in English with at least a partial arthroscopic case series dealing with the reconstruction of the supraspinatus tendon were identified and further analysed. Primarily 70 hits could be generated. Five articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in detail. The number of arthroscopic cases ranged between 6 and 33. Level of evidence was IV in all studies. The diagnosis of an intratendinous lesion was made by MR imaging when T2/fat-saturated sequences showed an intratendinous high intensity signal without disruption of the bursal or articular layer. Three different concepts were followed in surgical treatment: opening of the intratendinous lesion from the bursal or articular side or by complete resection of the lesion. The reconstruction was performed with suture anchors in all cases. In the majority of cases, an acromioplasty was also performed. The reported clinical results were mostly good. Healing of the tendon was shown by MR imaging in 81.5 to 100% of cases. After failure of conservative treatment, symptomatic intratendinous lesions of the supraspinatus tendon can be localised intraoperatively and reconstructed after failure of conservative treatment. The expected results are good in the medium term. The evidence level of the studies analysed was low. Future studies should examine the role of alternative conservative and surgical therapies.

Visualizing the Academic Discipline of Knowledge Management

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the research status of knowledge management (KM) and identify the characteristics of KM in the literature. We selected and studied in detail 7628 original research articles from the Web of Science from 1974 to 2017. Although many studies have contributed to the evolution of the KM domain, our results showed that a comprehensive bibliometric and visualization investigation was required. The literature on KM has grown rapidly since the 1970s. The United States of America, as the original contributing country, has also internationally collaborated the most in this field of study. The National Cheng Kung University has made the highest number of contributions. The majority of authors contributed a small number of publications. Additionally, the most common category in KM research was management. The main publications for KM research include Journal of Knowledge Management, and Knowledge Management Research & Practice. A keywords analysis determined that “knowledge sharing”, “innovation”, “ontology”, and “knowledge management” were consistent hotspots in knowledge management research. Through a document co-citation analysis, the intellectual structures of knowledge management were defined, and four emerging trends were identified that focus on new phenomenon, the practice of knowledge management, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) management based on knowledge perspective, innovation and performance, and big data-enabled KM. We also provide eight research questions for future studies. Our results will benefit academics, researchers, and research students who want to rapidly obtain an overview of knowledge management research. This study can also be a starting point for communication between academics and practitioners.

Border changes in Central and Eastern Europe: An introduction

The objective of this paper is to consider the main border issues and cross-border relationships in Central and East Europe (CEE) in the context of changing theoretical approaches to border studies. The authors start by analysing the impact of the impressive progress in the theory of borders on studies of CEE. Fundamental political changes in this part of Europe after 1989 were associated with the opening of borders and the intensification of cross-border cooperation, which have radically transformed the functions of boundaries. Emerging cross-border regions became spaces of communication, interaction, innovations and development. The EU enlargement to the east and the inclusion of most CEE countries in the Schengen zone accelerated the processes of re- and de-bordering and the diversification of the functions and regime of borders. The powerful waves of migration to the European Union over recent years have again greatly modified the situation in border areas and provoked the construction of new walls. In conclusion the authors propose eight research questions for future studies of borders and bordering in CEE.

Professionalisation in Adventure Management: Competence Profile of Outdoor Instructors

Outdoor instructors require a set of competences enabling them to meet the demands of different training groups. Yet, it is not evident what competences are of particular significance and what roles the aspects communication and leadership play. Current research is often based on the subjective experiences of the corresponding researchers. Only very few contributions are based on empirical data such as [1-3]. Some researches specifically address the aspects leadership and communication [4-7], yet up to now a competence profile has not been developed. A systematic data-based analysis regarding a comprehensive competence model for outdoor instructors is lacking. This qualitative pilot study seeks to gain insights regarding important competencies of outdoor instructors with a focus on leadership and communication. Ten selected outdoor instructors were interviewed using qualitative methods. Results show that personal skills are more important than specialist knowledge. Trainers should be authentic, interacting with groups and aware of customer needs. Communication skills are important, as well as humour and sympathy and understanding in terms of communication. With a focus on leadership optimism, decision-making ability and judgement are essential skills. No consistent competence pattern could be determined, but a set of valuable research questions for future studies could be defined.

From Venture Idea to Venture Opportunity

Opportunities are a core construct in the field of entrepreneurship. Despite recent advances suggesting the separation of ideas from opportunities, the field still suffers from conceptual deficiencies. This article builds on this distinction and leverages insights from creativity and innovation management literature to propose a framework that allows tracing the evolution of a venture from first insight to exploitation. It discusses real–time/longitudinal and retrospective measurement techniques from the fields of entrepreneurship, creativity, and innovation management to empirically capture the framework. Several research questions for future studies are provided, concluding with a discussion of implications for research and practice.

Mitochondrial-epigenetic crosstalk in environmental toxicology

Crosstalk between the nuclear epigenome and mitochondria, both in normal physiological function and in responses to environmental toxicant exposures, is a developing sub-field of interest in environmental and molecular toxicology. The majority (∼99%) of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome, so programmed communication among nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial compartments is essential for maintaining cellular health. In this review, we will focus on correlative and mechanistic evidence for direct impacts of each system on the other, discuss demonstrated or potential crosstalk in the context of chemical insult, and highlight biological research questions for future study. We will first review the two main signaling systems: nuclear signaling to the mitochondria [anterograde signaling], best described in regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial biogenesis in response to environmental signals received by the nucleus, and mitochondrial signals to the nucleus [retrograde signaling]. Both signaling systems can communicate intracellular energy needs or a need to compensate for dysfunction to maintain homeostasis, but both can also relay inappropriate signals in the presence of dysfunction in either system and contribute to adverse health outcomes. We will first review these two signaling systems and highlight known or biologically feasible epigenetic contributions to both, then briefly discuss the emerging field of epigenetic regulation of the mitochondrial genome, and finally discuss putative “crosstalk phenotypes”, including biological phenomena, such as caloric restriction, maintenance of stemness, and circadian rhythm, and states of disease or loss of function, such as cancer and aging, in which both the nuclear epigenome and mitochondria are strongly implicated.

Uncommitted Deliberation? Discussing Regulatory Gaps by Comparing GRI 3.1 to GRI 4.0 in a Political CSR Perspective

In this paper, we compare the two Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) reporting standards, G3.1, and the most current version G4.0. We do this through the lens of political corporate social responsibility (CSR) theory, which describes the broadened understanding of corporate responsibility in a globalized world building on Habermas’ notion of deliberative democracy and ethical discourse. As the regulatory power of nation states is fading, regulatory gaps occur as side effects of transnational business. As a result, corporations are also understood to play a “political role” to fill regulatory gaps and contribute to a global governance system by voluntarily engaging in self-regulation. Such corporate political action, however, is not always legitimate as it suffers from a democratic deficit (corporations/managers are not democratically elected or controlled). Consistent with scholars in the field of political CSR, this paper argues that only by means of communication and discourse can this drawback be avoided. That is why CSR reporting and guidelines for standardizing the disclosed CSR information is key for political CSR. By comparing the GRI standards from a political CSR perspective, one can see whether these often-used reporting guidelines fulfill the communicative requirements and whether they are adequate tools to face the challenges of the twenty-first century. We present results from a theory-derived and criteria-driven comparison of the two guidelines. Indication of the effectiveness of voluntary self-regulation is, for example, important considering the 2014 directive of the European Union to make CSR reporting mandatory. We offer a guideline-based view on current CSR theory as well as CSR reporting practice. We discuss implications for CSR theory, particularly the appropriateness of (idealized) deliberation in the Habermasian sense, which is the basis of political CSR theory. We do so by introducing the notion of “uncommitted deliberation” with regard to the refined concept of materiality in GRI 4.0, which induces subjectivity and reduces data-driven comparability. Finally, we address the limitations of this research as well as research questions for future studies.

Thematic framework of online review research

PurposeThe purposes of this study are to synthesize the current research findings reported in major hospitality and tourism journals and to discuss the knowledge gaps where additional research endeavors are needed.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review approach was adopted to analyze 67 research articles about online reviews that were published between January 2000 and July 2015 in seven major hospitality and tourism journals.FindingsThis study presents a thematic framework of online review research, which was advanced by integrating the interactions among quantitative evaluation features, verbal evaluation features, reputation features and social features of online reviews with important outcomes of consumer decision-making and business performance. The thematic framework helps researchers identify the areas in extant hospitality literature of online reviews and point out possible directions for future studies.Research limitations/implicationsThe systematic review approach has a qualitative nature, where relevant literature was interpreted based on the authors’ domain knowledge and expertise.Practical implicationsPractitioners can gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationships among the key influential factors in online reviews, as presented in the thematic framework of online review research. Accordingly, managers will be able to develop effective strategies to leverage the positive impacts of online reviews to the business outcomes.Originality/valueThis systematic review synthesizes the findings reported in most recent publications (January 2000-July 2015; also including “Online First” articles) in seven major hospitality and tourism journals and develops an integrated research framework, anchoring on four meta-research questions and showing the dynamic relationships among the key players/factors/themes in online review research. This framework provides a visual diagram to practitioners for a better understanding of the relevant literature and assists researchers in developing new research questions for future studies.

Fields of Tension in a Boundary-Crossing World: Towards a Democratic Organization of the Self

In their study of the relationship between self and society, scientists have proposed taking society as a metaphor for understanding the dynamics of the self, such as the analogy between the self and the functioning of a totalitarian state or the analogy between the self and the functioning of a bureaucratic organization. In addition to these models, the present article proposes a democratic society as a metaphor for understanding the workings of a dialogical self in a globalizing, boundary-crossing world. The article follows four steps. In the first step the self is depicted as extended to the social and societal environment and made up of fields of tension in which a multiplicity of self-positions are involved in processes of positioning and counter-positioning and in relationships of social power. In the second step, the fertility of the democratic metaphor is demonstrated by referring to theory and research from three identity perspectives: multicultural, multiracial, and transgender. In the fields of tension emerging between the multiplicity of self-positions, new, hybrid, and mixed identities have a chance to emerge as adaptive responses to the limitations of existing societal structures. In the third step, we place the democratic self in a broader societal context by linking three levels of inclusiveness, proposed by Self-Categorization Theory (personal, social, and human) to recent conceptions of a cosmopolitan democracy. In the fourth and final step, a model is presented which allows the formulation of a series of specific research questions for future studies of a democratically organized self.

Toll-like Receptors in the Vascular System: Sensing the Dangers Within.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are components of the innate immune system that respond to exogenous infectious ligands (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) and endogenous molecules that are released during host tissue injury/death (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs). Interaction of TLRs with their ligands leads to activation of downstream signaling pathways that induce an immune response by producing inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons (IFN), and other inflammatory mediators. TLR activation affects vascular function and remodeling, and these molecular events prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Despite the presence of TLRs in vascular cells, the exact mechanisms whereby TLR signaling affects the function of vascular tissues are largely unknown. Cardiovascular diseases are considered chronic inflammatory conditions, and accumulating data show that TLRs and the innate immune system play a determinant role in the initiation and development of cardiovascular diseases. This evidence unfolds a possibility that targeting TLRs and the innate immune system may be a novel therapeutic goal for these conditions. TLR inhibitors and agonists are already in clinical trials for inflammatory conditions such as asthma, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, but their study in the context of cardiovascular diseases is in its infancy. In this article, we review the current knowledge of TLR signaling in the cardiovascular system with an emphasis on atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cerebrovascular injury. Furthermore, we address the therapeutic potential of TLR as pharmacological targets in cardiovascular disease and consider intriguing research questions for future study.