Technology Research Research Articles

Threat of deepfakes to the criminal justice system: a systematic review

Abstract Background This systematic review explores the impact of deepfakes on the criminal justice system. Deepfakes, a sophisticated form of AI-generated synthetic media, have raised concerns due to their potential to compromise the integrity of evidence and judicial processes. The review aims to assess the extent of this threat, guided by a research question: (1) What threats do deepfakes pose to the criminal justice system? Methods The review was conducted using databases such as Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on publications from 2021 to 2022. Search terms were optimised for sensitivity and specificity, and articles were chosen based on criteria including relevance to deepfake threats and deepfake detection research. The methodology included rigorous screening processes using tools like Zotero and Rayyan.ai, with an emphasis on inter-rater reliability to ensure objective selection of studies. Results The search initially identified 1355 articles, with 1200 articles screened for eligibility after duplicates were removed. For the threat of deepfakes to the criminal justice system, 110 studies were selected for full-text review, and 44 were included in the final analysis. Key findings include identification of primary crime categories linked to deepfakes, such as pornography, fraud, and information manipulation, alongside challenges like trust erosion in institutions and evidence falsification issues. Conclusions Deepfakes significantly threaten the criminal justice system, highlighting the necessity for advanced detection methods. These findings underscore the importance of continued research and development in deepfake detection technologies and strategies for legal safeguards and broader implications on policy, national security, and democratic processes.

Heat Transfer Analysis of Cooling Structure of Deuterium-Tritium Fusion Neutron Generator Target

A deuterium-tritium fusion neutron generator can produce high-intensity monoenergetic neutrons, which is important for the research and development of nuclear technology, and the neutron target is one of the crucial components of a neutron generator. For the neutron target, the most important technical index is the temperature of the target. Excessive temperature could impact the efficiency of nuclear reactions on the target surface and lead to target damage. Consequently, the thermal-hydraulic performance of the neutron target is significant for the performance of the neutron generator. In this paper, a curved channel with surface grooves was designed for the neutron target of a high-intensity neutron generator under design. The influence and mechanism of the curved angle and groove angle on the thermal-hydraulic performance of the minichannel were studied with the computational fluid dynamics method. The results indicated that a 45-deg curved channel with 135-deg surface grooves could enhance the turbulence within the minichannel, effectively improving the heat transfer performance of the neutron target with less pressure loss. Thus, the neutron target could withstand a higher-energy deuterium beam bombardment, increase neutron yield, and ease the pressure requirements on the cooling water pumps and sealing components.

Emergent biaxiality in chiral hybrid liquid crystals.

Biaxial nematic liquid crystals are fascinating systems sometimes referred to as the Higgs boson of soft matter because of experimental observation challenges. Here we describe unexpected states of matter that feature biaxial orientational order of colloidal supercritical fluids and gases formed by sparse rodlike particles. Colloidal rods with perpendicular surface boundary conditions exhibit a strong biaxial symmetry breaking when doped into conventional chiral nematic fluids. Minimization of free energy prompts these particles to orient perpendicular to the local molecular director and the helical axis, thereby imparting biaxiality on the hybrid molecular-colloidal system. The ensuing phase diagram features colloidal gas and liquid and supercritical colloidal fluid states with long-range biaxial orientational symmetry, as supported by analytical and numerical modeling at all hierarchical levels of ordering. Unlike for nonchiral hybrid systems, dispersions in chiral nematic hosts display biaxial orientational order at vanishing colloid volume fractions, promising both technological and fundamental research utility.

FAGOTERAPIA COMO ALTERNATIVA NO COMBATE A INFECÇÕES RESISTENTES: AVANÇOS E DESAFIOS NO TRATAMENTO DE E. COLI UPEC E EPEC

Resistant bacterial infections represent one of the biggest public health challenges today, resulting in a significant increase in morbidity and mortality linked to infectious diseases. On the other hand, Escherichia coli stands out as one of the most significant bacteria, particularly the uropathogenic (UPEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) variants. Infections caused by these strains have become a problem due to their ability to develop resistance to various antibiotics, thus harming therapeutic alternatives. The objective of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of phage therapy as an alternative in combating resistant bacterial infections, focusing on UPEC and enteropathogenic EPEC strains of Escherichia coli. Methodologically, it was an exploratory and comparative bibliographic review through qualitative research. As a result, it was found that future directions in phage therapy present a promising outlook, full of technological innovations, research needs and ethical considerations. The success of phage therapy as a viable alternative to treating resistant bacterial infections will depend on collaboration between different disciplines, careful consideration of ethical implications, and a commitment to ensuring that new technologies benefit society as a whole. The development of robust guidelines and regulations, along with increased public awareness, will be critical to the effective integration of phage therapy into clinical practice and public health. It was concluded that progress in this area represents a response to the bacterial resistance crisis, as it opens up new perspectives for biomedical research and clinical practice. Therefore, the continued engagement of researchers, health professionals and policy makers will be essential to ensure that phage therapy is established as an integral component in the fight against bacterial infections, benefiting public health in a broad and effective way.

Quantum Genetic Algorithm-Driven Optimization of Triple-Glazed Window Thickness for Enhanced Light Reduction

Abstract. Glass, a common construction material, generally lacks significant thermal properties. As technology rapidly advances, the demand for glass materials with superior heat preservation and thermal insulation capabilities increases, driven by the need to reduce building energy consumption. Multi-objective optimization problems, particularly in complex multilayered systems, require advanced numerical optimization algorithms. The quantum-inspired genetic algorithm (QIGA) offers advantages such as fast solving speed and high precision, utilizing quantum coding, variation, rotation gates, and crossing techniques. This study focuses on designing the optimal thickness of triple-layer glass to minimize sunlight penetration through windows, using QIGA to achieve this goal. The results demonstrate that triple glazing effectively reduces solar radiation entering a room, though different layer combinations lead to significant variations in total energy reduction. The study also emphasizes the importance of concurrent research in glass layer splicing technology, coating film techniques, and new glass materials to enhance overall performance. These findings contribute to the development of energy-efficient building materials that meet modern standards for thermal insulation and light control.

Impact of Digitalisation in Construction on Australian Designers and Builders: A Cross-Analysis Based on the Size of Organisations

The construction industry has yet to reach significant levels of digitalisation compared to other sectors, which could enhance its processes. Recent building failures globally have eroded public trust in the industry, highlighting issues of compliance. This has prompted the introduction of building regulations, where digitalisation is expected to play a key role in supporting compliance. This paper aims to assess the impact of digitalisation on two key stakeholder groups within the construction industry—designers and builders—across various organisational sizes. A questionnaire survey was conducted with designers and builders in Australia, focusing on information technology (IT) infrastructure, digital capability, training, and research and development. Descriptive statistics were analysed and cross-analyses between designers and builders, as well as across different organisation sizes, were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests. The findings revealed clear differences between designers and builders regarding digitalisation across IT infrastructure, digital capability, training, and R&D. For example, builders primarily rely on cloud storage while designers use a combination of local and cloud storage. Designers allocate a higher percentage of their turnover to IT, whereas builders are twice as likely as designers to lack structured training for digital skills. When organisation size was considered independently, similarities were observed across sizes. These results provide insight into the current digitalisation landscape in construction, offering a foundation to support the adoption of future industry regulations.

Evaluation of Capital Utilization Efficiency in Agricultural Listed Firms Based on a Three-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis

Rural revitalization is intricately tied to national prosperity, with listed companies in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries playing pivotal roles in driving this transformative agenda. However, these sectors face critical challenges, notably resource constraints and environmental pressures, which underscore the necessity of evaluating capital utilization efficiency. This study employs a combined three-stage DEA model and Malmquist index to analyze capital utilization efficiency across 85 listed companies within China’s agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery industries over the period 2018–2022. The primary objectives are to quantify capital utilization efficiency, identify pathways for industry optimization, advance ecological agricultural sustainability, and offer valuable insights to investors and policymakers. Key findings include: (1) When grouped by sub-sector and adjusted to account for external environmental factors and random disturbances, the initial comprehensive capital utilization efficiency in agricultural companies was found to be significantly overestimated. Subsequent third-stage adjustments revealed decreases in average comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency by 29.79%, 3.03%, and 27.37%, respectively, largely driven by a marked decline in scale efficiency, ultimately diminishing overall efficiency. (2) The capital utilization efficiency in agricultural trading firms remains suboptimal, with scale efficiency posing a critical limitation. High dependency on government subsidies and excess specialized personnel further constrain efficiency improvements. (3) Dynamic analysis using the DEA-Malmquist model indicates low total factor productivity in the agricultural sub-sector, primarily due to inefficiencies in capital management and suboptimal scale allocation. These findings underscore the need for targeted strategies to enhance resource allocation and management, bolster talent development and financial management frameworks, and drive technological research and development, innovation, and efficient capital allocation across the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery sectors.

Retrofit Measures for Aircraft Noise Reduction: Simulation Benchmark and Impact Assessment

DLR, German Aerospace Center, has developed a low-noise retrofit to reduce noise generation of a conventional midrange transportation aircraft, i.e., measures to the airframe and engine exhaust nozzle. Selected measures have been installed onboard of DLR’s flying testbed Advanced Technology Research Aircraft and been subject to a flyover noise campaign. The aircraft in its original configuration and the modified aircraft have been tested and measured in flyover campaigns in 2016 and 2019, respectively. Initial simulation models have been derived from the results and previous component simulations and wind tunnel tests to account for the new reduction measures within DLR’s system noise prediction tool Parametric Aircraft Noise Analysis Module (PANAM). This paper presents the developed measures as selected for the flight test campaigns. An overview of the conducted flight tests is provided. The overall noise simulation process, including aircraft and engine design, flight simulation, and noise prediction, is presented. Simulation results obtained from this process are then compared to the measured levels from the flight campaigns. Estimated simulation uncertainties from PANAM can now be directly compared to differences between measured and simulated levels. Finally, a parameter study is conducted in order to assess the reduction potential of the novel retrofit measures along different simulated flight procedures. Spatial noise distribution in sound exposure level contours is assessed.

Empirical Study on the Impact of New-Quality Productivity on Regional Economic Development in China

New-quality productivity (NQP) reflects the modernization of productivity, characterized by higher technological levels, better quality, and greater efficiency and sustainability. Against the backdrop of technological innovation, NQP plays an increasingly significant role in economic development. Sustained growth of NQP is key to maintaining stable and rapid economic progress. This paper adopts the new-quality productivity index developed by scholar Lu Jiang, Guo Ziang and Wang Yuping, which comprises three dimensions, including innovation capacity, technological research and development, and production efficiency. By using this index, an OLS regression analysis is conducted on the economic development levels of various regions. Through regression analysis, the paper examines the impact of these indicators on regional economic development and provides relevant policy recommendations. The results show with a higher new-quality productivity index tend to have a higher level of economic development. Theoretically, this result further illustrates that new-quality productivity enhances production efficiency through technological innovation and resource optimization, thereby driving economic growth. New-quality productivity not only transcends the traditional factor-driven growth model but also injects stronger innovative momentum and potential for sustainable development into regional economies. On a practical level, improving the level of new-quality productivity can effectively promote the rational allocation of resources, accelerate industrial structure upgrades, and significantly enhance the affluence and vitality of regional economies.

Cloud Computing Practices among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs); Contemporary Trends, Possibilities, and Challenges

The study focused on Cloud Computing practices among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), the Contemporary trends, Possibilities, and Challenges. The objectives were to review the history behind cloud computing in relation to SMEs in Ghana, to examine factors that impact the adoption of cloud computing by SMEs in Ghana that tend to affect their performance, to analyze the impact of cloud computing migration strategy on cloud computing adoption, to evaluate the merits and demerits of cloud computing adoption, and to analyze the security involved in using cloud computing. The study employed a descriptive research design to describe the variables of interest, and information. This study found that cloud computing has a favorable impact on SMEs by reducing their operating costs, thereby increasing their margins. It also revealed that despite the many advantages of cloud computing, demerits such as security and privacy, lack of skills, expertise, and resources, and limited flexibility and control contribute to the low rate of cloud service adoption in Ghana. It is recommended that cloud services must be developed to integrate seamlessly with the existing Information Technology (IT) systems prevalent in the SME industry, and cloud service providers provide adequate migration training for SMEs as part of the adoption process. It also emphasizes the need for future cloud technology research to review new cloud services and practices that SMEs can adopt to gain a competitive advantage in the market.

Development of surface-texturized black silicon through metal-assisted chemical etching and its application in the thermophotovoltaic field: a review and recommendation

Abstract The Shockley-Queisser limit poses a significant challenge in solar technology research, limiting the theoretical efficiency to around 30%. Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems have emerged as a solution by incorporating a thermal absorber in traditional solar cell setups to achieve total efficiency beyond the limits. The efficiency of the overall system heavily depends on the performance and quality of the thermal absorber, which absorbs photons from the heat source and transfers them to the TPV cell. However, complex and expensive fabrication processes have hindered widespread adoption of TPV technology. The well-established metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) method could be the best choice to mitigate these as it is a cost-effective, scalable, and mass-production-friendly process, which is widely used for surface texturization, creating nanostructures like nanopores, pyramids, and nanowires. MACE
technique is also suitable for producing highly efficient silicon-based thermal absorbers with over 90% absorption rate, which can contribute to increased total conversion efficiency. However, it does not come without challenges such as maintaining control over the etch rate in order to achieve uniformity. This paper comprehensively reviews the utilization of MACE for fabricating silicon-based thermal absorbers in TPV systems with the range of effective wavelengths of 600 – 2000 nm which corresponds to the energy level of 0.55 – 1.85 eV. The advantages and challenges of MACE, along with characterization techniques, are extensively discussed. By providing valuable insights, this paper aims to support researchers interested in advancing TPV technology.

Digital economy, technology, and urban carbon emissions nexus: an investigation using the threshold effects and mediation effects tests

IntroductionThis study aims to explore the mechanisms by which the digital economy influences urban carbon emissions in China, with a particular focus on potential threshold effects and the mediating role of technology. As the digital economy grows, it impacts various environmental metrics, including carbon emissions, necessitating a deeper understanding of its nonlinear dynamics and implications for sustainable urban development.MethodsUsing panel data from 286 prefecture-level cities in China spanning from 2012 to 2021, we apply threshold effect models and mediation effect tests. The threshold effect model is employed to investigate non-linear characteristics of the digital economy’s impact on carbon emissions, while the mediation effect model assesses the role of technology as an intermediary in this relationship.ResultsThe threshold effect model reveals a single threshold in the impact of the digital economy on urban carbon emissions, indicating a nonlinear relationship. Initially, the influence of the digital economy on emissions is weak, but as the digital economy develops, its effect becomes more pronounced. The mediation effect model demonstrates that technological advancement can offset the increase in emissions associated with digital economic growth, thus showcasing technology’s potential to mitigate environmental impacts.DiscussionThe findings suggest that while the digital economy generally promotes urban carbon emissions, its impact is non-linear and mitigatable through technological innovation. To curb emissions in urban areas, fostering technological innovation and supporting green technology research and development are critical. Moreover, enhancing management and supervision within the digital economy sector can contribute to balancing economic growth with environmental goals. These insights are valuable for policymakers striving to harmonize digital economic expansion with sustainable environmental practices.

Making impact within emerging frontiers

The field of educational technology is full of interesting and innovative new ideas and research. However, sometimes the impact of this work is limited by the way it is presented to the community. Presenting educational technology research and practice to what is usually an interdisciplinary audience that can incorporate people in many different roles is challenging, and opportunities to receive feedback on the best ways to communicate this work are not always readily available. The aim of this half-day, face-to-face workshop is to expose participants (both researchers and practitioners) to effective strategies for the design and delivery of presentations that increase engagement with and impact of their work. In this interactive session participants will have the opportunity to workshop their own presentations reconsidering structure, visual aids, interactivity, and delivery. Facilitated by a workshop team with many years of experience presenting educational technology research and practice across a range of interdisciplinary conferences and professional learning venues (plus some theatrical experience), and drawing on key literature on effective presentation design and delivery, this workshop will be a safe space for participants to explore different and creative ideas to deliver the outcomes of their work in memorable and impactful ways.

Blockchain in digital notary services

The purpose of the study is to determine the future application of blockchain technology. Protection of rights, as well as legal interests of citizens and legal entities is the main postulate of notary activity. Only through the prism of this provision should one consider the possible application of blockchain technology in the notary. This includes studying the possibilities of the blockchain for verifying the authenticity of documents, automating registration actions. The relevance of the study is related to the need for modern notaries to meet the requirements of the digital world. The research is based on the application of an interdisciplinary approach, civil law and information technology, which combines the analysis of legal aspects with modern technological research. To study legislative aspects, methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were used, which includes an analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and other countries. The empirical method consists in researching existing examples of implementation of blockchain projects in EU and US notary offices. Analysis and modeling were carried out taking into account the architecture of blockchain networks, their capabilities in terms of information protection, authentication and legal validity of digital records. The study found that blockchain technology has significant potential for the notary industry due to its decentralized nature and high level of data protection. It has been established that the implementation of the blockchain allows for the creation of a reliable database for recording notarial actions, ensuring the impossibility of forgery or loss of information. The results of the study confirmed the possibility of using blockchain for digital recording of documents and automation of notarial procedures, which allows to reduce time costs and the risk of human errors. The experience of countries that have already implemented blockchain in the notary office indicates an increase in the level of trust in notary services and a reduction in bureaucratic procedures. The application of blockchain in the notarial sphere can fundamentally change the mechanisms of notarial actions, increasing security, convenience and speed of service. The use of decentralized networks ensures the reliability of data, which makes it impossible to forge them and makes procedures transparent. However, for the full implementation of such decisions, it is necessary to create an appropriate regulatory framework, adapt Ukrainian legislation and ensure the training of specialists for work in the conditions of digital notary.

Physical activity interventions: an update on advancing sedentary time, technology, and dissemination and implementation research.

Approximately 28% of American adults meet both the physical activity (PA) and strength training guidelines despite the numerous health benefits associated with a physically active lifestyle. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update of the 2017 Society of Behavioral Medicine PA Special Interest Group article that outlined future directions in sedentary time reduction interventions, technology-based PA interventions, and the dissemination and implementation of PA interventions. Since the prior review, there has been significant progress on effective interventions for reducing sedentary time. However, there has been less progress for improving the specificity of sedentary time guidelines. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of studies examining PA mHealth interventions and support for mHealth intervention has generally been positive, though sustaining engagement in mHealth interventions remains a challenge. Promising newer technologies that have been explored more extensively since the prior review including artificial intelligence (AI). Knowledge of how to implement and scale-up effective PA interventions has also increased. Several current trends in PA intervention research that continue to advance the field include examining the moderating effect of the built environment on the effectiveness of behavioral interventions, cultural tailoring of interventions, Just in Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs), and exercise snacks (vigorous intensity PA sessions that are less than one minute). Overall, there has been significant progress in the PA intervention field but significant work remains for creating effective interventions that can be readily implemented into real world settings.

Examining the Potential of Biogas: A Pathway from Post-Fermented Waste into Energy in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

Biogas has improved due to technological advancements, environmental awareness, policy support, and research innovation, making it a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly renewable energy source. The Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was employed to examine the relationship between purchased and generated energy from 2007 to 2023. Metrics such as deviance, log likelihood, and dispersion phi were examined to assess model fit. The Mann–Kendall test was utilized to detect trends in energy datasets. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction was significant, exceeding 97% from 2014 to 2023. However, treated sewage displayed limited susceptibility to biological degradation, with COD to BOD5 ratios increasing from 2.28 to 6.59 for raw sewage and from 2.33 to 7.05 for treated sewage by 2023. Additionally, the efficiency of sewage purification processes was calculated, and multivariate regression analysis was conducted on gas composition data. Principal Coordinate Ordination (PCO) and k-means clustering were used for dimensionality reduction and biogas component clustering, respectively. This research showed that biogas from the waste water treatment process can be used, particularly in methane production. Technological advancements have made biogas production more efficient, enhancing energy generation within a circular economy framework.

Analysis of Technological Pathways and Development Suggestions for Blast Furnace Low-Carbon Ironmaking

Under the global dual-carbon background, heightened public awareness of climate change and strengthened carbon taxation policies are increasing pressure on the steel industry to transition. Given the urgent need for carbon reduction, the exploration of low-carbon pathways in a blast furnace (BF) metallurgy emerges as crucial. Evaluating both asset retention and technological maturity, the development of low-carbon technologies for BFs represents the most direct and effective technical approach. This article introduces global advancements in low-carbon metallurgical technologies for BFs, showcasing international progress encompassing hydrogen enrichment, oxygen enrichment, carbon cycling technologies, biomass utilization, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. Hydrogen enrichment is identified as the primary technological upgrade currently, although its carbon emission reduction potential is limited to 10% to 30%, insufficient to fundamentally address high carbon emissions from BFs. Therefore, this article innovatively proposes a comprehensive low-carbon metallurgical process concept with the substitution of carbon-neutral biomass fuels at the source stage—intensification of hydrogen enrichment in the process stage—fixation of CCUS at the end stage (SS-IP-FE). This process integrates the cleanliness of biomass, the high-efficiency of hydrogen enrichment, and the thoroughness of carbon fixation through CCUS, synergistically enhancing overall effectiveness. This integrated strategy holds promise for achieving a 50% reduction in carbon emissions from BFs in the long processes. Critical elements of these core technologies are analyzed, assessing their cost-effectiveness and emission reduction potential, underscoring comprehensive low-carbon metallurgy as a pivotal direction for future steel industry development with high technological feasibility and emission reduction efficacy. The article also proposes a series of targeted recommendations, suggesting short-term focus on technological optimization, the medium-term enhancement of technology research and application, and the long-term establishment of a comprehensive low-carbon metallurgical system.

Porous Single-Crystal Nitrides for Enhanced Pseudocapacitance and Stability in Energy Storage Applications.

Supercapacitors have emerged as a prominent area of research in energy storage technology, primarily because of their high power density and notable stability compared to batteries. However, their practical implementation is hindered by their low energy densities and insufficient long-term stability. In this study, bulk porous Nb4N5 and Ta3N5 single crystals with excellent pseudocapacitance and electrical conductivity are successfully prepared by solid-phase transformation method. These monolithic porous single crystals (PSC) exhibit a long-range ordered crystalline architecture and substantial specific surface area, which facilitate rapid charge transport and ion diffusion within the electrolyte-permeated crystal lattice. Notably, the areal capacitance of the porous Nb4N5 single crystals is 12.9 F cm-2 at a current density of 6mA cm-2 and 35.08 F cm-2 at a scan rate of 1mV s-1. Furthermore, the energy density reached 1.79 mWh cm-2 at a power density of 20mW cm-2, demonstrating their high energy storage capability. Moreover, these porous Nb4N5 single crystals exhibited robust capacitance retention and exceptional cycling stability, making them promising candidates for use as electrodes in energy storage applications. These results underscore the significant potential of porous metal nitride single crystals in advancing the field of capacitive energy storage.

Research on real-time 3D imaging technology based on CMOS sensors

Abstract. With the continuous progress of science and technology, 3D imaging technology has been widely used in many fields, such as medical imaging, virtual reality and protection of cultural heritage. It can provide more information than traditional 2D images, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of various applications. CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) sensors, as efficient and low-cost image sensors, have been widely used in image imaging and processing technologies in recent years. However, how to realize real-time and high-precision 3D imaging with CMOS sensors is still a technical challenge to be solved. Based on this background, this paper will focus on real-time 3D imaging techniques based on CMOS sensors through three topics. This paper will first introduce how CMOS sensors work, followed by the introduction of real-time 3D imaging technology, and finally the real-time 3D imaging technology based on CMOS sensors. The research in this paper will be valuable for the research and application of real-time 3D imaging technology based on CMOS sensors.

A Review of Current Research and Future Development of Autonomous Driving Technology

Abstract: At present, the automobile industry is undergoing a new round of technological revolution, and autonomous driving technology is also experiencing a period of rapid development, with very active research and technology iteration. Autonomous driving can prevent accidents that occur due to human errors such as inattentiveness and driver fatigue, thereby enhancing road safety. Additionally, autonomous technology helps alleviate traffic congestion and optimize flow by utilizing coordinated driving strategies, such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication (V2I), enabling platooning, intelligent rerouting, and other advanced driving techniques. The autonomous driving system can control the vehicle according to the optimal driving strategy, can drive the vehicle in a smoother way, optimize fuel consumption or power use, thereby reducing operating costs and improving travel experience, and has a wide range of application potential and potential social value. This paper summarizes the current research status and development trend of autonomous driving technology, summarizes the current research status of autonomous driving technology from the aspects of environmental perception, machine learning, control execution, etc., while also projecting future directions for the field. Advancements in this technology have the potential to revolutionize transportation, offering significant convenience and transforming daily life. Moreover, it can promote the development of major industries, increase national GDP, affect urban planning and layout, and even improve our living environment and benefit ecological construction.