Research Object Research Articles

Nespaustuvinė periodika Vrublevskių bibliotekoje: ką Lietuvos leidybos istorijai pasakoja rinkinys?

In Lithuania, non-print periodicals have been of interest to scholars, librarians, and local historians for over a hundred years. To understand the phenomenon of non-print periodicals in Lithuania, its place in the increasing national information flow, and the history of state publishing, it is necessary to gather as extensive a base of these periodical sources as possible and know the main collections. This article aims to present the study of the non-print periodicals collection stored in the Manuscripts Department of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences from the perspective of book science and reveal its informativeness as a whole for the history of Lithuanian publishing. The research object became all the identified non-print periodical publications collected into a conditional collection regardless of chronological frameworks, language, writing system, font, or publishing geographic location. Currently, the Manuscripts Department has recorded as many as 154 titles of small newspapers. To achieve the goal, first, historiography dedicated to non-print periodicals in Lithuania and the Wroblewski Library will be discussed, the history of object collection in the library will be determined, and the formed collection will be analysed in chronological, geographical, linguistic, typological, and genre aspects. The study of the information recorded in the publications’ metrics and texts provided insights into the processes of non-print publishing and allowed for comparisons with the processes of professional periodicals publishing. The history of the collection led to another multilingual collection of non-print periodicals covering the period between the late 19th century to 1946 in the Manuscripts Department of the Wroblewski Library, different in composition from the collection in the Rare Books and Old Periodicals Department. The analysis of the collection’s composition by designated aspects confirms the linguistic, genre, and typological diversity of publications that existed in Lithuania. The study allows us to state that although published in small volumes, non-print periodicals approached professional ones and contributed to the national information flow, filling informational and content gaps. They became a space for young creators to unfold and demonstrate practical knowledge, showcasing the potential of non-print periodicals publishing activities, which nurtured more than one professional press figure in Lithuania. The objects of the collection testify to the diversity of periodical publishing practices, and social groups involved in the publishing processes, and reveal the changing society and its aspirations. The collection gathered for the study provides new, unused information for scientific research on the reading and creativity of young people and soldiers, revealing their areas of interest. The collection’s objects become a relevant source for research on language, art history, gender, issues of the reuse of works, etc.

Contracted Capacity Optimization Problem of Industrial Customers with Risk Assessment

This study developed a risk assessment tool for contract capacity optimization problems using the ant colony optimization and auto-regression model. Based on the historical data of demand consumption, the Least Square algorithm, the Recursive Levinson–Durbin algorithm, and the Burg algorithm were used to derive the auto-regression model. Then, ant colony optimization was used to search for the auto-regression model’s best p-order parameters. To avoid the risk of setting the contract capacity, this paper designed the risk tolerance parameter β to correct the predicted value of the auto-regression model. Ant colony optimization was also used to search for the optimal contract capacity with risk assessment under the two-stage time-of-use and three-stage time-of-use. This study employed an industrial consumer with high voltage power in Taiwan as the research object, used the AR model to estimate the contract capacity under the risk assessment, and cut back electricity usage to reduce the operation cost. The results can be used as a basis to develop an efficient tool for industrial customers to select contract capacities with risks to obtain the best economic benefits.

Statistics of Periodicals in the Baltic States: Data Sources and Collections

Publishing is a significant part of the cultural, creative, and economic sectors. Its research, assessment, and forecasting require grounded, reliable, accurate, consistent, and comparable statistical data. Considering the lack of research in periodicals statistics and the relevance of publishing statistics, as well as the fact that in the Baltic countries, publishing statistics data are collected by institutions at the same level, the problem arises whether the national libraries’ applied foundational recommendations and legal documents, as well as data collection methodology, can ensure data validity, reliability, comprehensiveness, and comparability. This article aims to examine and compare the data collection practices of periodical statistics in the Baltic States. The research object includes the legal foundation of publishing statistics in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, as well as the 2022 publishing statistics resources and official statistics data collections. UNESCO recommendations and International Organization for Standardization standards can be considered guidelines for such data collection and accounting. The legal foundation of publishing statistics consists of legal deposit laws, which must ensure the sources of statistical data. Even though publishing statistics data are collected by national libraries and the source of statistical data in all countries is legal deposits, the statistical data collections are not identical. Countries choose which data to collect, what criteria to apply, and in what form to present them. It is important to emphasize that data on the publishing industry are not presented in statistical collections, although their collection guidelines and presentation importance are highlighted in international recommendations and normative documents. Statistical data on electronic periodicals are provided only by Estonia. National libraries in the Baltic States are official statistics compilers, so summarized publishing statistics data are provided to national statistics institutions, opening new technological possibilities for data analysis and integration of new data. The collections of statistical data on newspapers and magazines can only be compared according to a few main criteria, as countries have chosen different statistical data presentation features, the main ones being the varying categorization and periodicity characteristics of newspapers and magazines.

Investigation of the accuracy of integral models of the oculo-motor system

For mathematical modeling of the human oculomotor system (OMS), integral nonlinear models are used, which simultaneously take into account the nonlinear and inertial properties of the research object. Based on the data of experimental studies of the OMS "input-output", transient and diagonal intersections of transient functions of the second and third orders are determined. To obtain experimental data, an innovative eye tracking technology is used, which allows recording eye responses to test visual stimuli. Thus test signals are displayed on the computer monitor at different distances from the starting position in the horizontal direction. The aim of the research is to study the accuracy of OMS identification using eye-tracking data by evaluating the calculation errors of multidimensional transient functions when using methods of nonlinear dynamic identification based on models in the form of Volterra series and polynomials. The object of the study is the process of nonparametric identification of the OMS based on Volterra models in the time domain. The subject of the research is algorithmic and software tools for calculating the dynamic characteristics of OMS based on eye-tracking data, analyzing the accuracy of the obtained models using two identification methods: the approximation method and the least squares method (LSM). The means of nonlinear dynamic identification of the human OMS based on Volterra series and polynomials were developed in the Python programming environment. The accuracy estimates of various OMS (linear, quadratic, and cubic) models were obtained based on data from three responses to test signals of different amplitudes. For the same test signals, the same models in the form of the Volterra series and polynomials were obtained, as these models coincide in the region of convergence of the Volterra series. The analysis of errors in the assessment of the dynamic characteristics of the OMS demonstrated that the model in the form of an integral polynomial of the second degree, which was built using the LSM based on three responses, has an accuracy twice as high as the accuracy of similar models built using the data of two responses. Thus, in further studies of the psychophysiological state of a person based on nonlinear dynamic models of the OMS according to the data of three responses, it is advisable to use a model in the form of a quadratic Volterra polynomial. Figs.: 17. Tabl. 3. Refs.: 10 titles.

Effects of Soil Bacterial Taxa under Different Precipitation Gradients on the Multi-Functionality of the Rhizosphere Soils under Caragana intermedia Forests

Elucidating the impact of rhizosphere microbial communities in the Caragana intermedia forest on soil polyfunctionality can significantly enhance our understanding of the microbial mechanisms underpinning soil multi-functionality, which is crucial for sustainable land management. The rhizosphere soils under Caragana intermedia forests in different regions with variable precipitation gradients (MAP500 (precipitation ≥ 500 mm), MAP450 (400~500 mm), MAP300 (300~400 mm), MAP250 (200~300 mm)) were investigated in the research object. The interrelationships among soil properties, particularly the soil bacterial taxa and soil multi-functionality, were examined using metagenomic analysis, sequencing techniques, redundancy analysis, and partial least squares path modeling. The results show that (1) concurrent with escalating precipitation, Rhizosphere Soil Multi-functionality Index (SMI) exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05); (2) the community structures of the Always Abundant Taxa (AAT), Always Rare Taxa (ART), Moderate Taxa (MT), Conditionally Abundant Taxa (CAT), Conditionally Rare group (CRT), and Conditionally Abundant Taxa (CRAT) varied significantly across precipitation gradients. Mean annual precipitation (MAP), soil moisture content (SMC), and pH were identified as the most critical environmental factors influencing the overall bacterial community and various taxa; (3) precipitation predominantly exerts indirect effects on AAT, MT, CAT, and CRAT by modulating soil moisture. Bacterial taxa that are conditionally rare or abundant in arid and semi-arid regions are the principal drivers of soil multi-functionality alterations within the rhizosphere of the Caragana intermedia forest. In the stewardship of Caragana intermedia plantations, microbial community composition can be optimized through the regulation of soil moisture and pH, as well as the strategic introduction of conditional microbial taxa, thereby enhancing the plantation’s resilience to climate change. This research contributes to sustainable land use practices by providing insights into microbial management strategies that enhance soil health and ecosystem resilience.

The Influence Of Entrepreneurial Practice Learning On Entrepreneurial Activities And Formation Of Character

The Influence of Learning Entrepreneurship Practices on Entrepreneurial Activities and Character Formation. This research aims to determine: 1) the influence of learning entrepreneurial practices on student activities. 2) entrepreneurial practice learning methods for the formation of students' entrepreneurial character. This type of research is quantitative with an ex post facto research design. The population in this study were students in classes X1 and X2 at SMKN 1 Sambelia. This research did not use a sample but used a population as the research object with a population of 48 students. The data analysis technique used is simple regression analysis. The results of this research show that: 1) There is a significant influence of the entrepreneurial practice learning method on student activities, in this case shown by the calculated t value of (3.711) > t table (1.717). 2) There is a significant influence of the entrepreneurial practice learning method on the formation of This entrepreneurial character of students is shown by the calculated t value (4.737) > t table (1.717).

Research on the Motivation and Effect of Longfor Group's Transformation to Asset-light Operation Mode

Since the real estate marketization reform in 1998, China's real estate industry has continued to focus on asset operation mode, at that time in the golden period of the industry, real estate enterprises only need to hoard a lot of land, wait for the appreciation of the land and then resell, you can get considerable returns. However, in the context of the current slowdown in the economic growth of China's real estate industry, it is difficult for commercial real estate enterprises to continue to operate with heavy assets, so such enterprises begin to seek transformation, and want to change a profit model to match the current market. As a new way for enterprises to accumulate core competence and maximize value, "asset-light operation" model has been highly valued by the academic and business circles. This paper takes Longfor Group, a representative real estate enterprise, as the research object, and makes an in-depth analysis of the company's finance from the perspective of its financial characteristics and financial performance, in order to provide certain theoretical references for the successful application of the transformation and development of similar companies.

The effect of changing the combustion chamber head structure on turbine blades under thermal shock test

When the high-pressure turbine guide blade works in the aero-engine, it is in the complex gas-heat environment of the combustion chamber and the turbine. The temperature distribution and strength of the blade affect the reliability and life of the aero-engine. In order to more accurately analyze the complex flow field aero-thermal parameters between the aero-engine combustion chamber and the turbine, this paper considers the influence of the non-uniform aero-thermal parameters of the combustion chamber outlet on the turbine. Taking the first-stage guide vane of an aero-engine turbine as the research object, the high and low temperature cycle thermal shock test was carried out to obtain the crack location and strength of the turbine guide vane, which provided a certain reference for improving the design of the turbine guide vane. Through the test, it is found that after 750 thermal shock cycles, fatigue cracks appear in four concentrated areas of the blade, which are distributed in the leading edge and trailing edge of the blade respectively. This shows that the temperature at the leading edge and trailing edge of the blade is higher, the heat load is higher, and the risk of damage and ablation is also the highest. Based on the experiment, the cross-component model of the combustion chamber and the blade is established. On this basis, four kinds of swirler structures at the head of the combustion chamber are designed. ANSYS FLUENT software is used to study the unsteady parameters such as the surface temperature of the guide vane under the influence of strong swirling flow. The numerical results show that when the rotation direction of the cyclone is counterclockwise, the temperature of the guide vane wall is more uniform. Compared with the clockwise rotation of the cyclone, the temperature is reduced by about 5 %, and the installation angle of the 50° cyclone blade is better than the installation angle of the 45° blade.

A study of size threshold for cooling effect in urban parks and their cooling accessibility and equity

Rapid urbanization has led to increasingly prominent urban heat island phenomena and social inequality. It is urgent to quantify the threshold area of urban parks from multiple perspectives to maximize the cooling effect and improve the equity of park cooling services. Using 33 urban parks in Harbin City as research objects, four indices, i.e., park cooling intensity (PCI), park cooling distance (PCD), park cooling area (PCA), and park cooling efficiency (PCE), were used to explore the park cooling effect and the threshold value of efficiency (TVoE) of the size. The OD (origin–destination) matrix model was constructed to assess the spatial accessibility from the community to the cooling range. The Gini coefficient was used to assess the equity of cooling range accessibility. The relative contribution of each influencing factor to the cooling indicator was quantified through regression modeling. The results showed that the average PCI was 3.27 ℃, the average PCD was 277 m, the average PCA was 115.35 ha, and the average PCE was 5.74. Gray space area was the dominant factor for PCI, PCD, and PCA (relative contributions of 100%, 31%, and 19%, respectively). Park area was the dominant factor for PCE (relative contribution of 28%). The TVoE of park sizes based on PCA and PCE were calculated as 82.37 ha and 2.56 ha, respectively. 39.2% and 94.01% of communities can reach cooling ranges within 15 min in walk mode and transit mode, respectively. Approximately 18% of neighborhood residents are experiencing severe inequities in cooling range accessibility. This study can guide park design that maximizes cooling effects, as well as inform city planners on more equitable allocation of urban park resources.

PENGARUH PENDAPATAN, INVESTASI, DAN PRILAKU KEUANGAN TERHADAP TINGKAT LITERASI KEUANGAN UKM KOTA PALEMBANG

Financial literacy is something important that has a big impact on individuals, families and the economy as a whole. Additionally, a good understanding of finance helps individuals and households, as well as companies, including SMEs, make better financial decisions. factors that influence financial literacy, namely: education level, income level, financial behavior and investment, therefore further research is needed to determine the results achieved. The aim of this research is to study how income, investment and financial behavior influence the financial literacy of small and medium SMEs in Palembang City. Research Objects in Palembang City UKM. Quantitative descriptive method using primary data sources. Determining the sample uses the Slovin formula by distributing questionnaires using random sampling. The results of the analysis show that the financial literacy of SMEs in Palembang City is influenced simultaneously and partially. Based on these results, there are findings that the higher the level of financial literacy a person tends to be, the wiser they will be in managing their income, investments and financial behavior.

A novel data-characteristic-driven modeling approach for imputing missing value in industrial statistics: A case study of China electricity statistics

As a direct reference tool to reflect the operational status and development level of national industry, industrial statistics hold significant value for numerous systematic studies. Nevertheless, it is crucial to recognize that the quality of these statistics can be compromised by the common occurrence of missing value. This issue poses a substantial challenge for analyzing and utilizing industrial statistics, impeding progress in tasks reliant upon them. Given the severity of the missing value problem in industrial statistical databases and the limitations of existing literatures on missing value imputation in terms of research objects and modeling approaches, this paper proposes a novel missing value imputation modeling approach for single-indicator panels of industrial statistics based on the idea of data-characteristic-driven (DCD). Accordingly, taking the inter-provincial “monthly power generation” data from China as an example, the imputation model was constructed and its validity was tested under different imputed objects (Jiangsu and Jilin), different missing types (continuous and discrete), and different missing rates (5%, 10% and 20%) respectively. The results indicate that the proposed DCD modeling approach in this paper exhibits excellent efficacy. The imputation model, constructed based on the data characteristic of the imputed object, demonstrates clear advantages in handling missing value with different missing types and rates. This is evident in its superior consideration of numerical accuracy, directional accuracy, and imputation stability, resulting in an outstanding comprehensive imputation effect.

Inversion of Soybean Net Photosynthetic Rate Based on UAV Multi-Source Remote Sensing and Machine Learning

Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) is a common indicator used to measure the efficiency of photosynthesis and growth conditions of plants. In this study, soybeans under different moisture gradients were selected as the research objects. Fourteen vegetation indices (VIS) and five canopy structure characteristics (CSC) (plant height (PH), volume (V), canopy cover (CC), canopy length (L), and canopy width (W)) were obtained using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with three different sensors (visible, multispectral, and LiDAR) at five growth stages of soybeans. Soybean Pn was simultaneously measured manually in the field. The variability of soybean Pn under different conditions and the trend change of CSC under different moisture gradients were analysed. VIS, CSC, and their combinations were used as input features, and four machine learning algorithms (multiple linear regression, random forest, Extreme gradient-boosting tree regression, and ridge regression) were used to perform soybean Pn inversion. The results showed that, compared with the inversion model using VIS or CSC as features alone, the inversion model using the combination of VIS and CSC features showed a significant improvement in the inversion accuracy at all five stages. The highest accuracy (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 1.73 µmol m−2 s−1, RPD = 2.63) was achieved 63 days after sowing (DAS63).

Performance Optimization and Simulation Test of No-Tillage Corn Precision Planter Based on Discrete Element Method (DEM)

In order to test the influence of the structural design of a no-tillage corn precision planter on vibration stability performance, a vibration model was constructed with the help of MATLAB/Simulink, and it was concluded that the vibration response curve of the no-tillage corn precision planter was relatively smooth. Based on the theory of the discrete element method (DEM), taking the planting apparatus of the no-tillage corn precision planter as the research object, firstly, a DEM single-factor test was carried out to investigate the effects of the slot inclination angle, number of slots, and rotational speed of the planter plate on the disturbance performance. Then, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was conducted with the maximum amount of seed discharging, the minimum average speed, and the minimum average kinetic energy as the final optimization objectives, and the qualified rate of seed discharging and the leakage rate as the evaluation indexes. The results show that the larger the inclination angle, the higher the number of slots, and the faster the rotational speed, the more violent the particle disturbance. At the same time, when the slot inclination angle of the planter plate is 60°, the number of slots is 20, and the rotational speed is 55 rpm, the seed discharge efficiency is the highest, at this time, the seed discharge qualification rate of maize particles is 95%, and the leakage rate is 3%; the results of this test can provide technical support for the research of the same kind of precision sowing equipment in the future.

Study of the Influence of Non-Genetic Factors on the Growth and Development Traits and Cashmere Production Traits of Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goats (Erlangshan Type)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of non-genetic factors on the growth and development performance of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats (Erlanghan type), such as birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6-month weight (6 WT), 12-month weight (12 WT), body height (BH), and body length (BL), and wool production performance, such as cashmere fineness (CF), cashmere thickness (CT), and cashmere yield (CY). The research objects were 4654 kids produced by 45 buck goats and 2269 doe goats in the Erlang Mountain Ranch of Beiping Textile Co., Ltd., Inner Mongolia, from 2020 to 2023. Based on the generalized linear model, ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of non-genetic factors, such as birth year (Y), birth month (M), sex (S), birth type (T), birth herd (H), assay flock (F), age at measurement (MA), and the age of doe goats at lambing (DLA), on growth and development traits and cashmere traits. The results show that the birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6-month weight (6 WT), 12-month weight (12 WT), body length (BL), body height (BH), chest depth (CD), chest width (CW), chest circumference (CC), cannon circumference (CNC), wool length (WL), and cashmere yield (CY) of buck goats were significantly higher than those of doe goats (p < 0.01), and the fineness of the cashmere produced by doe goats was significantly finer than that produced by buck goats (p < 0.01). The birth weight, weaning weight, and 6-month weight of single kids were significantly higher than those of multiple kids (p < 0.01), but the effect on the 12-month weight was not significant (p > 0.05). The age of doe goats at lambing had significant effects on birth weight, weaning weight, and 6-month weight (p < 0.01). Assay flock and age at measurement had significant effects on cashmere fineness, cashmere thickness, and cashmere yield (p < 0.01). This study will provide a basis for the scientific breeding and management of cashmere goats and lay a foundation for the setting of fixed effects in the genetic evaluation model of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats (Erlangshan type).

The Mechanism of Air Blocking in the Impeller of Multiphase Pump

The exploitation and transportation of deep-sea and remote oil and gas fields have risen to become important components of national energy strategies. The gas–liquid separation and gas blocking caused by the large density difference between the gas and liquid phases are the primary influencing factors for the safe and reliable operation of gas–liquid mixed transportation pump systems. This paper takes the independently designed single-stage helical axial-flow mixed transportation pump compression unit as the research object. Through numerical simulation, the internal flow of the mixed transportation pump is numerically calculated to study the aggregation and conglomeration of small gas clusters in the flow passage hub caused by gas–liquid phase separation, influenced by the shear flow of phase separation, forming axial vortices at the outlet where gas clusters gather in the flow passage. The work performed by the impeller on the gas clusters is insufficient to overcome the adverse pressure gradient formed at the outlet of the flow passage due to the gathering of the liquid phase in adjacent flow passages, resulting in the phenomenon of gas blocking, with vortex gas clusters lingering near the hub wall of the flow passage.

Analysis of Cyber Public Relations in Disseminating Indonesia’s Folu Net Sink 2030 Actions at the Ministry of Environment and Foresty

Indonesia Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink 2030 is an initiative to reduce Green House Gas emissions from the forestry and land sectors in Indonesia. The aim of this program as a serious step in overcoming the problem of climate change. Dissemination of the Indonesia FOLU Net Sink 2030 action at the Public Relations Bureau, highlighting the importance of public communication in supporting the achievement of the 2030 FOLU Net Sink target. One of the strategic communications that is considered effective in disseminating the Indonesia FOLU Net Sink 2030 action is Cyber Public Relations or commonly called Online Public Relations. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of Cyber Public Relations carried out by the Public Relations Bureau of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. This research was analyzed using the theory from Philips & Young (2009) regarding the four basic elements of online public relations that PR practitioners must pay attention to. So that from this research a digital public relations practice can be produced that is appropriate and measurable from the perspective of existing theory and reality. The difference between this research and previous research lies in the research object, and it does not only focus on one digital platform, but also several platforms used to implement cyber public relations. The results of this research show that the implementation of Cyber Public Relations carried out by the MoEF Public Relations Bureau has been measured in accordance with the theory used.

Granting analysis of the credit financing of the platform-type highway transportation supply chain.

Against the background of digital development, this study's research object is the platform-based highway transportation supply chain. It also analyzes two modes of supply chain financial credit financing, namely, upstream, and downstream enterprises of the platform, and network freight platform as the main financing body. Notably, the financial provider sets up a transaction credit based on the principle of business truth, and closed-loop transactions, determine the upper limit of the credit line based on the principle of financing self-compensation, build the expected profit maximization model, and establish the optimal credit line. Combined with the Highway Freight Index and Logistics Prosperity Index, the dynamic early warning value is established for the financing mode, where the platform as the main financing body. Through numerical analysis, the credit line and expected profit increase with the transaction credit, expected freight volume, and credit interest rate under the two modes, and the increase deriving from the credit interest rate is more significant. Finally, this paper describes the two-dimensional credit matrix of the financing subject via transaction credit and credit interest rate, which provides an intuitive credit reference for financial institutions to conduct the credit financing of the platform-based highway transportation supply chain.

История зарождения и развития геоинформатики как науки

The article examines the main reasons for the emergence of geoinformatics as a science, outlines the concept of this science, describes its research subject and object, methods, ontology system and tasks. The relevance of studying this area is justified. The article comprises several sections: "Inception of the science and origin of the geoinformatics as the term", "History of geoinformatics development" and "Geoinformatics in Russia. Brief history, challenges and development prospects". They consistently reveal historical events and features that have had the greatest impact on the current state of geoinformatics both as a basic science and as an field of applied research. The first part is largely dedicated to different ways to define the "geoinformatics" as a term, as well as the branches and directions into which this science has divided. The second part, i.e. "History of geoinformatics development", describes the stages that shaped geoinformatics. This part focuses on discoveries and achievements in geoinformatics, its connection with other sciences. The third part of the article highlights the issues of domestic research, as well as possible directions of its development. The conclusion summarizes the results and outcomes, collects and provides a concise overview of the key information addressed in the paper.

История зарождения и развития геоинформатики как науки

The article examines the main reasons for the emergence of geoinformatics as a science, outlines the concept of this science, describes its research subject and object, methods, ontology system and tasks. The relevance of studying this area is justified. The article comprises several sections: "Inception of the science and origin of the geoinformatics as the term", "History of geoinformatics development" and "Geoinformatics in Russia. Brief history, challenges and development prospects". They consistently reveal historical events and features that have had the greatest impact on the current state of geoinformatics both as a basic science and as an field of applied research. The first part is largely dedicated to different ways to define the "geoinformatics" as a term, as well as the branches and directions into which this science has divided. The second part, i.e. "History of geoinformatics development", describes the stages that shaped geoinformatics. This part focuses on discoveries and achievements in geoinformatics, its connection with other sciences. The third part of the article highlights the issues of domestic research, as well as possible directions of its development. The conclusion summarizes the results and outcomes, collects and provides a concise overview of the key information addressed in the paper.

Performance-Degradation Analysis of the Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism under Multi-Factor Coupling Effects

The performance-degradation pattern of the planetary roller screw mechanism (PRSM) is difficult to predict and evaluate due to a variety of factors. Load-carrying capacity, transmission accuracy, and efficiency are the main indicators for evaluating the performance of the PRSM. In this paper, a testing device for the comprehensive performance of the PRSM is designed by taking into account the coupling relationships among temperature rise, vibration, speed, and load. First, the functional design and error calibration of the testing device were conducted. Secondly, the PRSM designed in the supported project was taken as the research object to conduct degradation tests on its load-bearing capacity and transmission accuracy and analyze the changes in transmission efficiency. Third, the thread profile and wear condition were scanned and inspected using a universal tool microscope and an optical microscope. Finally, based on the monitoring module of the testing device, the vibration status during the PRSM testing process was collected in real time, laying a foundation for the subsequent assessment of the changes in the performance state of the PRSM. The test results reveal the law of performance degradation of the PRSM under the coupled effects of temperature, vibration, speed, and load.