Research Libraries Information Network Research Articles

RLG and PCC: An Interview with Karen Smith-Yoshimura*

It is important to remember that there were two bibliographic networks, OCLC and the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN), which together with the Library of Congress enabled the sharing of bibliographic and authority records amongst PCC members. Karen Smith-Yoshimura was active in the early years of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) representing RLIN. In this interview with Smith-Yoshimura in the summer of 2019, Joan Schuitema poses five questions which provide an opportunity for Smith-Yoshimura to share her memories about her participation in PCC prior to RLG’s merger with OCLC.

A Graduate’s Gratitude

I was a bit nervous on that Saturday morning, April 14, 2012. In the lobby of the University of Pennsylvania's School of Nursing, a diverse group of scholars, students, and supporters had assembled to take part in an inter- national symposium, an event meant to mark both the 25th Anniversary of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing as well as the life and accomplishments of Dr. Joan Lynaugh, the Center's founding director (and resident Living Legend!). Had I been there simply to partake in the festivities, my nerves might have rested. However, I was to speak that afternoon. It was a great honor to be sure, but as a recent doctoral graduate, I was also intimidated. I had only just embarked on my scholarly path, yet there was my name in the program, published alongside a cohort of very accomplished, seasoned speakers. When the moment came, I consciously slowed my speech, took the time to pause at pertinent moments and delivered my paper.Today, my memories of the event are fond ones. The insecure moments have mostly faded from mind. Instead, I recall interesting conversation with other attendees, encouraging comments regarding my scholarship, and of course, the uplifting anecdotes that provided a more nuanced view of Joan's life and work. Up until that day, I had known Joan for 5 years, from the perspective of a Penn graduate student. Afterward, I was able to add several decades' worth of memories to my own, many from dis- tinctly different points of view. Of all the insights gained, I was particularly struck by the notion of the generous scholar, that rare individual who freely imparts her insightful intellect so that another's scholarship might more fully develop. Everyone it seemed, regardless of their vantage point, appreciated Joan for such remarkable generosity. I was not alone in my gratitude.If I pull the frame back though, I begin to realize that Joan's intellec- tual openhandedness extends further than her individual connections. Joan's viewpoint has been translated into an institutional mission. With a thriving archival repository, a cadre of internationally recognized historians, and a diverse assortment of historical activities, the Bates Center is a nexus of nurs- ing history, perfectly suited to inspire, inform, and nurture the study of health care's past. Quite reminiscent of Joan herself, wouldn't you say?In an editorial written for the Journal of Professional Nursing's reoccurring feature Inquiry, Insights, and History, Joan highlighted the Bates Center, as it was in 1991.1 Today, this piece is a time capsule. As I read her perspective on the Center as it stood two decades ago, I found myself actively comparing them to my own, more recent recollections. It made for an intriguing intellec- tual exercise, juxtaposing Joan's past interpretation of the Center's intentions against my recent experiences as a graduate student whom benefited from the Center's accomplishments. In her piece, Joan noted the Center focused its resources on three goals: the establishment and growth of a repository, the production of historical research, and the dissemination of historical nursing knowledge.Galvanized by a dearth of collected, usable nursing history material and the lack of curatorial services . . ., the first goal of the Center was to solve this problem. In 1991, Joan mentions the steps made toward that end. Through the support of generous individuals, the Center built a secured, climate controlled archival space. They joined the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN), which allowed the Center to broadcast its holdings through an early-federated catalog. Furthermore, curator David Weinberg joined the Center to ensure proper management and preservation of the growing collection.When I came to Penn in 2006, it was to the same space Joan described those 15 years earlier. Betsy Weiss welcomed visitors as the Center's archival and administrative assistant, working closely with curator Gail Farr. …

How MARC Has Changed: The History of the Format and Its Forthcoming Relationship to RDA

Automation in libraries dates back to the 1950s, with early efforts gradually leading to the Library of Congress exploring the idea for its own library. This led to the MARC pilot project in 1965. Sixteen libraries participated in the distribution of early MARC I records. The success of the project resulted in MARC II, with the Library of Congress becoming the distributor of machine readable cataloging records. Use of Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) exploded in the 1970s, helped by the growth of cataloging services such as Ohio College Library Center (OCLC) and Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN). Changes to MARC became the responsibility of the Library of Congress and the American Library Association's MARBI. LC-MARC became USMARC in the 1980s, which became MARC 21 in the late 1990s. Resource Description Access (RDA), the replacement for the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd ed., 2002 revision will produce many changes to MARC 21, but some elements of MARC 21 already address RDA under different names. The language of General Materials Designators and Special Materials Designators in RDA will be more flexible to the changing formats of media, allowing room for future terms. Among the tags MARC 21 will add to accommodate RDA are 336, 337, and 338 for content, media, and carrier type respectively. The MARC 21 Format for Authority Data will also make changes to address RDA, with tags for a name's associated places, addresses, fields of activity, affiliation, occupation, gender, and family information.

Glenn Lowell Brudvig, 1931–2007

Glenn Lowell Brudvig, 1931–2007

Romanization in Cataloging of Korean Materials

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes cataloging rules for Korean materials focusing on the McCune-Reischauer (MR)1 system, the Korean romanization scheme currently used in the United States. This system has been used for a long time in many Western countries, and was officially adopted by the Library of Congress (LC) for use in the cataloging of Korean language materials. Considering users' information-seeking behavior and searching abilities, however, the MR system has many drawbacks for increasing users' ability to retrieve information. This paper analyzes bibliographic records in academic libraries, the LC, and the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) to identify the issues and problems of the MR system. A user survey conducted demonstrates that the MR system is not a user-customized tool based on users' searching ability. Several solutions are suggested to overcome the limitations of the MR system.

Twentieth Century China: An Annotated Bibliography of Reference Works in Chinese, Japanese, and Western Languages: Subjects (review)

Reviewed by: Twentieth Century China: An Annotated Bibliography of Reference Works in Chinese, Japanese, and Western Languages: Subjects Michael C. Brose (bio) James H. Cole, compiler. Twentieth Century China: An Annotated Bibliography of Reference Works in Chinese, Japanese, and Western Languages: Subjects. 2 volumes. Armonk and London: M. E. Sharpe, 2004. xxix, 1,427 pp. Hardcover $225.00, ISBN 0-7656-0395-0. Anyone who has tried to find a comprehensive list of reference works on any aspect of modern China knows just how piecemeal, frustrating, and time-consuming the process can be. James Cole is attempting to ease the process somewhat, for scholars and librarians, by compiling a bibliography of reference works published mainly during the thirty-year period from 1964-1994. Now that the first section, organized by subject headings, has been published, we can appreciate the utility and monumental scope of his work. This first section contains some 12 , 200 entries, arranged alphabetically by title within subject headings, ranging from "Abbreviations" to "Youth and Youth Movements" (there are approximately four hundred subject headings), that describe reference works on modern China in Chinese, Japanese, and Western languages. This is the first of an eventual three-part bibliography; section 2 will be organized by "Persons" and section 3 by "Places." Cole intends his work to supplement three earlier research tools that focus on modern China: Berton and Wu's Contemporary China: A Research Guide (Stanford: Hoover Institution, 1967), Nathan's Modern China, 1840-1972: An Introduction to Sources and Research Aids (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies, 1973), and his own Updating Wilkinson: An Annotated Bibliography of Reference Works on Imperial China Published since 1973 (New York: [End Page 297] James H. Cole, 1991). The volume under review here was compiled specifically to pick up where Berton and Wu's research guide left off since they confined their coverage to items published through 1963. In the spirit of extending rather than replacing the earlier guides, Cole in this bibliography also advises his readers to consult all three of the previous works since he has not included any references that have been cited in these other three. Cole also acknowledges the importance of online union catalogs such as RLIN (Research Libraries Information Network) and OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) to scholars of modern China and to the completion of this bibliographic project. But these online tools also have some deficiencies, especially regarding subject searches, and I found Cole's discussion of this issue informative and most helpful. For example, he points out that online catalogs do not contain any annotation of content, their subject categories are sometimes nonintuitive, and there are usually a limited number of subject categories assigned to any given item. As anyone knows who researches and writes on China, for all of their limitations these online catalogs are indispensable. I know that I call on OCLC's WorldCat several times a day to verify publication and library-holding information for items I am using or wish to use in a given writing project. The discussion of computer-based research aids gives rise to two questions: first, how should printed bibliographies be integrated with these computer-based tools, and second, are printed bibliographies and research aids still relevant and useful? I have to admit that I have relied less and less on printed works in the last few years, opting for the more convenient and seemingly more thorough computer-based tools at my disposal, such as WorldCat. Cole's discussion answers these questions effectively, and a summary he makes toward the end of this discussion would be well worth providing to any senior undergraduate or beginning graduate student. "A well-designed printed bibliography, annotated and arranged under detailed subject headings, is the tool of choice for discovering the existence of a previously unknown item and learning what it contains. An online library union catalog, with its frequently updated holding information, is the tool of choice for locating the desired item" (pp. xviii-xix). Finally, Cole includes a short discussion on terminology that researchers will find useful and that could also be excerpted as a teaching aid for student use. For example, he tells the reader...

Adoption of Internet for resource sharing by the Gulf academic libraries

Library services have been tremendously influenced by rapid technological innovations over the years. The Internet has virtually provided a new dimension to every area of library services and operations. Document delivery remained no exception to these changes. Besides looking at various Internet applications, the paper also examines available electronic document delivery (EDD) transmission systems using the Internet, such as the ARIEL system of Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN), the North Carolina State University Digitized Document Transmission Project (DDTP), and the Ohio State University Network Fax Project. The paper also presents the results of a survey conducted to determine the availability of required hardware and software in the Gulf academic libraries to use the Internet for EDD. The survey confirmed the availability of required equipment in the Gulf academic libraries and their willingness to participate in the EDD. Their adoption of the Internet for EDD for resource sharing is essential if user self‐sufficiency is to be achieved.

Catalogue of the Morrison Collection of Chinese Books (review)

Reviewed by: Catalogue of the Morrison Collection of Chinese Books Beatrice S. Bartlett (bio) Andrew C. West, compiler. Catalogue of the Morrison Collection of Chinese Books. London: University of London School of Oriental and African Studies, 1998. xxxix, 375 pp. Hardcover £30, ISBN 0-7286-0292-x. This is a catalogue of the Chinese-language books purchased by John Robert Morrison (1782-1834), England's first Protestant missionary to China, during his first stay in Guangzhou (Canton), from 1807 to 1823. West's Introduction informs us that the items listed here were assembled with a view to their usefulness in training future scholars and missionaries as well as for Morrison's long-standing and cherished projects of translating the Bible into Chinese and compiling a dictionary. The Introduction tells us that the collection, amounting to almost one thousand titles and containing approximately ten thousand string-bound fascicles, was an enormous assemblage for its time, particularly for a foreigner to have obtained in the book markets of Guangzhou and Foshan (as a foreigner living in China, Morrison would not have been allowed to travel freely around the country). In Morrison's time, Guangzhou—along with some of the Jiangnan cities— was one of the outstanding publishing centers in China. (Beijing during the Qing, less plentifully forested and thus lacking the timber necessary for printing, would have been at a disadvantage in this regard.) [End Page 553] When Morrison returned briefly to England at the end of 1823, he shipped the works already in his possession, hoping to donate them to Oxford or Cambridge in exchange for the founding of a chair in Chinese. The two universities, however, did not evince much enthusiasm for either the books or the chair, so eventually, after Morrison's death, a home was found in University College, London. The collection is now held by the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies. Chinese books that Morrison purchased after returning to Asia in 1826 as well as all his English-language works are now in the University of Hong Kong. The catalogue itself is arranged in the traditional Chinese four categories of literature (sibu, —Classics, History, Philosophy, and Literature (jing, shi, zi, and ji)—with many of the standard works of Confucianism, histories and geographies, administrative regulations, and the like. But even with his limited budget, Morrison cast his net wide, so there are discourses on Buddhism and Daoism, as well as works concerned with Buddhist sects (pp. 194-200), legal decisions (pp. 52-54), the musical pitch system (p. 8), astrological almanacs, three Chinese-Manchu texts, and several dictionaries (pp. 166-168). Most works date from the Qianlong and Jiaqing reigns (1736-1820). A few late-Ming editions are represented, but this is not the collection of prized rare editions that a wealthy Chinese scholar would have owned. Instead, Morrison had to purchase inexpensive and in some cases ephemeral titles popular in the Guangzhou market at the time of his residence there. As a result, without the Morrison Collection, some of these materials would be even more difficult to locate today than the Chinese scholar's rare finds. Of particular interest will be nine manuscript works that are thought never to have been printed—these include volumes of color drawings, medical notes and spells, legal treatises, and vocabulary lists once used by interpreters. The catalogue itself is clearly presented, with Chinese characters as well as the English. Titles are wisely not translated—instead there are brief annotations describing content. In addition to the catalogue (pp. 1-294), there are indexes of titles (pp. 295-331) and of authors (pp. 333-370). There is also an appendix of missing books (works listed on earlier inventories but no longer in the collection). The compiler and financial backers (chiefly the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange) are to be commended for offering this catalogue in both a hardcover edition and via the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN). Libraries will wish to purchase the published version, and, through RLIN, researchers will be able to consult it as well. [End Page 554] Beatrice S. Bartlett Beatrice Bartlett is a professor of history at Yale University specializing...

Current Bibliography in the History of Technology (1996-1997)

Current Bibliography in the History of Technology (1996–1997) The following compilation is the thirty-fifth annual bibliography of current publications in the history of technology. Previous bibliographies in this series have appeared in Technology and Culture since 1964. The reader is also referred to the fifth publication of the SHOT Monograph Series, Eugene S. Ferguson’s Bibliography of the History of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1968). This year’s compilation marks a few changes for the bibliography. First, it combines coverage for two years of publication in the history of technology, 1996 and 1997. The advantage of combining these years is in catching up to current publication and thus increasing the timeliness of future issues of the Current Bibliography. By combining these two years, we are also offering the largest Current Bibliography yet, with more than 3,300 entries. The disadvantage of squeezing two years of bibliography into one year of work is reduced coverage of the literature, though this will be only a one-time occurrence. Second, the change in publishers of Technology and Culture provided impetus for a review of the format of this bibliography, as well as a significant and long overdue upgrade in the software used to produce it. As a result, the bibliography has acquired a new look in some respects. The most visible change is in the use of numbered references, which simplifies the referencing scheme from the name and subject indexes. The bibliography itself continues to be organized by subject classifications; fortunately, the bibliography’s own Y2K problem remains a few years off, when it will be time to reorganize the chronological divisions to reflect the advent of a new century. Last, the team of contributors to the bibliography has changed, as well. After many years of service, Stephen Cutcliffe is stepping back from his role as contributor. As regular users of the Current Bibliography remember, Stephen served as editor of the bibliography before me, and he has been a great help throughout my years as editor. His annual stack of contributions will be missed, though I will not be surprised if he cannot resist submitting the occasional reference. The bibliography has been available to scholars in electronic form since March 1992 on the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) as part of the HST (History of Science and Technology) file. It provides on-line access to [End Page 1] Current Bibliography in the History of Technology for the years 1987 through 1997, and it is possible to query it from your personal computer using a variety of indexes, assuming that you have a modem or access to the Internet. Members of the Society for the History of Technology now have free access to this database; for instructions, please consult the SHOT homepage <http://shot.press.jhu.edu> on the World Wide Web. For more information on personal or institutional RLIN accounts, please contact the RLIN Information Center at 800-537-7546 (U.S. and Canada) or consult the homepage of the Research Libraries Group <http://www.rlg.org>. The Current Bibliography of the History of Science and the Bibliografia Italiana di Storia della Scienza are also available in the HST file, and it is planned that more bibliographic files in the history of science, technology and medicine will be added to the file. Users of the HST file can obtain from me a copy of the working thesaurus for the Current Bibliography in the History of Technology, which should prove useful in working with this database. I would like to thank the other contributors to the bibliography: Guillaume de Syon, Katalin Harkányi, Patrick Harshbarger, and Ian Winship. Readers willing to scan a selected set of journals or keep track of publications in one of the subfields of the history of technology should contact me, as additional contributors are welcome and needed. I hope that a few members of the Society for the History of Technology will step forward to increase the number of contributors. Improved coverage of Eastern European, Asian, and Latin American publications remains a desideratum, and help in these areas from correspondents would be welcome. Institutions or individuals aware of a journal or publication series that has been neglected in...

Developing International Cataloging Standards for Archival Holdings: Rosarkhiv-RLG-Hoover Project, 1994-1997

This article describes the first joint international cataloging project designed to develop mutually acceptable standards of exchanging Russian archival descriptions through the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) using MARC AMC format. The participants in the project were the Federal Archival Service of Russia (Rosarkhiv), which selected appropriate archival repositories and supervised the project's implementation in Russia; the Hoover Institution Archives, which performed quality control for all RLIN records created by Russian archivists; and the Research Libraries Group, which provided a wide range of technical support and the RLIN database to host the created records. The authors discuss project standards and methodology, work organization and implementation, as well as the need to develop mutually acceptable international bibliographic and subject standards to facilitate information exchange through the international multiscript databases.

The Hand Press Book File in RLIN: the development of a European unified database

A unified database to record all printing of the hand press period in Europe (from the beginning of printing until 1830) is being developed by the Consortium of European Research Libraries. The problems encountered in designing this multi‐file, multinational and multilingual database and the solutions adopted, in using the Research Libraries Information Network, are described. Future plans to include relevant holdings from many of Europe’s national library collections are outlined.

ARIEL document delivery: a cost‐effective alternative to fax

Describes ARIEL, a high‐speed, high‐quality, cost‐effective document delivery system that runs on the Internet. Journal articles can be sent from one place to another by scanning the article directly from the journal. Text and graphics are digested into the computer, transmitted over the Internet, and printed on a laser printer at the receiving end. Developed in 1990 by the Research Libraries Group of the Research Libraries Information Network, ARIEL is becoming the document delivery system of choice for a rapidly growing number of users in the USA and abroad. The key advantages which ARIEL has over the fax are: no long‐distance phone charges; high image resolution; original source can be scanned; can send and receive documents at the same time; does not require dedicated equipment; and documents can be stored and forwarded at a later time. ARIEL Version 2.0, released in February 1997, incorporates Multi‐purpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) technology which enables documents to be transmitted to the computer screen via e‐mail from one individual to another. Describes the hardware and software requirements, the cost of getting started, and one library’s experience, as part of a pilot project, with the ARIEL document delivery system.

The ARIEL Document Delivery System: A Cost-Effective Alternative to the Fax

ABSTRACT ARIEL is a high-speed, high-quality, cost-effective document delivery system that runs on the Internet. Journal articles can be sent from one place to another by scanning the article directly from the journal. The text and graphics are digitized into the computer, transmitted over the Internet, and printed on a laser printer at the receiving end. Developed in 1990 by the Research Libraries Group of the Research Libraries Information Network, ARIEL is becoming the document delivery system of choice for a rapidly growing number of users in the U.S. and abroad. The key advantages which ARIEL has over the fax are: (1) no long-distance phone charges; (2) high image resolution; (3) original source can be scanned; (4) can send and receive documents at the same time; (5) does not require dedicated equipment; and (6) documents can be stored and forwarded at a later time. In the very near future, ARIEL software will incorporate MIME (Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions) technology which will enable documents to be transmitted to the screen via e-mail from one individual to another. This paper describes the hardware and software requirements, the cost of getting started, and one library's experience, as part of a pilot project, with the ARIEL document delivery system.

Current Bibliography in the History of Technology (1995)

Current Bibliography in the History of Technology (1995) The following compilation is the thirty-fourth annual bibliogra­ phy of current publications in the history of technology. Previous bibliographies in this series have appeared in Technology and Culture since 1964. The reader is also referred to the fifth publication of the SHOT Monograph Series, Eugene S. Fergusons Bibliography of the History ofTechnology (Cambridge, Mass.: SHOT and MIT Press, 1968). This year, the bibliography comprises roughly 2,800 citations, about average for the last few years. Improved coverage of Eastern European, Asian, and Latin American publications remains a desid­ eratum, and help in these areas from correspondents would be wel­ come. Institutions or individuals aware of a journal or publication series that has been neglected in recent years are encouraged to help me track down these elusive publications and ensure their cov­ erage in future bibliographies. Thanks are due to the Postal and Telecommunications Museum in Budapest (Postal es Tavkozlesi Muzeumi ) for providing the current issue and backfile to 1989 of its annual publication, the Ekvonyve, for indexing in this bibliography. The bibliography has been available to scholars in electronic form since March 1992 on the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) as part of the HST (History of Science and Technology) file. It provides on-line access to Current Bibliography in the History of Technology for the years 1987 through 1995 simultaneously, and it is possible to query it from your personal computer using a variety of indexes, assuming that you have a modem or access to the Internet. Members of the Society for the History ofTechnology now have free access to this database; for instructions, please consult the SHOT homepage (http://www.umich.edu/~shotac/SHOT/) on the World Wide Web. For more information on personal or institutional RLIN accounts, please contact the RLIN Information Center at 800537 -7546 (U.S. and Canada) or consult the homepage of the Re­ search Libraries Group (http://www.rlg.org). The Current Bibliogra­ phy of the History of Science and the Bibliografia Italiana di Storia della Scienza are also available in the HST file, and it is planned that more bibliographic files in the history of science, technology, and medi-© 1997 by the Society for the History of Technology. All rights reserved. 0040-165X/97/38 1 2 Henry Lowood cine will be added to the file. Users of the HST file can obtain from me a copy of the working thesaurus for the Current Bibliography in the History of Technology, which should prove useful in working with this database. I would like to thank the other contributors to the bibliography: Stephen H. Cutcliffe, Katalin Harkanyi, Patrick Harshbarger, Roger Launius, and Ian Winship. Readers willing to scan a selected set of journals or keep track of publications in one of the subfields of the history of technology should contact me, as additional contributors are welcome and needed. I also thank those who have sent me indi­ vidual publications, offprints, journal issues, or citations over the past year. This bibliography only can provide a comprehensive pic­ ture of published research in the history of technology if those who publish will take a bit of time to submit offprints or full citations to me at the History of Science and Technology Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, California 94305-6004. If you are the editor or publisher of a new or specializedjournal, please write to me to make sure that the bibliography includes your publica­ tion. I welcome bibliographic information sent via electronic mail (lowood@leland.stanford.edu) or fax (650-725-1068). I would like to thank a few people who have contributed behind the scenes. Jennifer Lee and Christoph Lehner assisted with biblio­ graphic verification and data entry, as well asjournal scanning; their work was supported by the Ellen Poyet Endowment, which funds an assistantship in the history ofscience and technology in the Stanford University Libraries. I am also grateful to Joe Schultz of Technology and Culture for his editorial work and guidance and to Heidi Beck for copyediting the bibliography. Finally, I would like again to ex­ press my gratitude to the users of this bibliography, particularly those who have made an effort to...

Current Bibliography in the History of Technology (1994)

Current Bibliography in the History of Technology (1994) The following compilation is the thirty-third annual bibliography ofcurrent publications in the history oftechnology. Previous bibliog­ raphies in this series have appeared in Technology and Culture since 1964. The reader is also referred to the fifth publication of the SHOT Monograph Series, Eugene S. Ferguson’s Bibliography of the History ofTechnology (Cambridge, Mass.: SHOT and MIT Press, 1968). This year, the bibliography comprises more than 3,000 citations, an increase of nearly 10 percent over last year and the largest compi­ lation to date. Improved coverage of Eastern European, Asian, and Latin American publications remains a desideratum, and help in these areas from correspondents would be welcome. I would like again to thank Katalin Tihanyi Glass and the Orszagos Musazki Muzeum for their assistance in obtaining a backfile of Technikatorteneti szemle, which made it possible to index retrospectively the last several years of this journal. Institutions or individuals aware of a journal or publication series that has been neglected in recent years are en­ couraged to help me track down these elusive publications and en­ sure their coverage in future bibliographies. The bibliography has been available to scholars in electronic form since March of 1992 on the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) as part of the HST (History of Science and Technology) file. It is possible to search several years of the database (currently 19871994 ) simultaneously and to query it using a variety of indexes from your personal computer, assuming that you have a modem or access to the Internet. For more information, please contact the RLIN In­ formation Center at 800-537-RLIN (U.S. and Canada) or at BL.RIC@ RLG.BITNET via electronic mail. The Current Bibliography ofthe His­ tory ofScience is also available through RLIN in the HST file, and the Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza has recently announced that the Bibliografia Italiana di Storia della Scienza will soon be added to the file. Users ofthe online bibliography can obtain from me a copy ofthe working thesaurus for the “Current Bibliography in the History of Technology,” which should prove useful inworkingwith this database.© 1996 by the Society for the History of Technology. All rights reserved. 0040-165X/96/37 1 2 Henry Lowood I would like to thank the other contributors to the bibliography: Stephen H. Cutcliffc, Katalin Harkanyi, Roger Launius, and Ian Winship. Readers willing to scan a selected set ofjournals or keep track ofpublications in one of the subfields of the history of technol­ ogy should contact me, as additional contributors are welcome and needed. I also thank those who have sent me individual publications, offprints, journal issues, or citations over the past year. This bibliog­ raphy only can provide a comprehensive picture of published re­ search in the history of technology if those who publish will take a bit of time to submit offprints or full citations to me at the History of Science and Technology Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, California 94305-6004. If you are the editor or publisher of a new or specializedjournal, please write to me to make sure that the bibliography includes your publication. I welcome bibliographic information sent via electronic mail (lowood@leland.stanford.edu) or fax (415-725-1068). I would like to thank a few people who have contributed behind the scenes. Christoph Lehner assisted with bibliographic verification and data entry, as well as journal scanning; his work was supported by the Ellen Poyet Endowment, which funds an assistantship in the history of science and technology in the Stanford University Librar­ ies. I am also grateful to Joe Schultz of Technology and Culture for his editorial work, to Heidi Beck for copyediting the bibliography, and to the University of ChicagoJournals Division staff for their work in producing it. Finally, I would like again to express my gratitude to the users of this bibliography, particularly those who have made an effort to come forward with comments, criticisms, and compliments. Stanford University Libraries Henry Lowood Stanford University With the collaboration of: Science, Technology and Society Program Stephen H. Cutcliffe Lehigh University Science Division, University Libraries Katalin Harkanyi San Diego State University NASA History Office Roger Launius...

Resources for research and learning: The databases of the Research Libraries Group

The Research Libraries Group, Inc., is a not-for-profit membership corporation dedicated to improving access to information for research and learning. To this end, RLG provides the Research Libraries Information Network database of bibliographic records, files of article citations and abstracts, and other specialized research data-bases, all of which are accessible worldwide via the Internet.

Hebraic Authorities: A Historical-Theoretical Perspective

The standardization of Hebrew names in cataloging and bibliography has its roots in the Anglo-American tradition of Romanized author main entry. Cross-references from Hebrew names to their Roman equivalents are found in some British Hebraica catalogs published in the 19th century. In the Hebrew bibliographic tradition, in contrast, title main entry predominated and, given the nondistinctiveness of Jewish names, author access was rarely provided. Israeli librarians adopted the Western tradition of author main entry while retaining their commitment to original-alphabet cataloging; their Hebraic authority work consisted primarily of standardization of Hebrew orthography. The Hebraic capability of the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) made American Judaica librarians aware of the advantages of Hebrew name access; they had formerly been accustomed to Hebrew title access only. Many libraries are inputting parallel Hebrew access points to RLIN, with varying degrees of authority control. The USMARC Format for Authority Data has been revised to allow for parallel non-Roman data; the fields defined for non-Roman data have not been implemented, however, because the Library of Congress cannot handle non-Roman scripts in its processing system. Hebraic authority control is therefore done locally, in manual mode or with database management software.

Anomalies in RLIN Hebraica Records: Reflections of a Recent Arrival on the Cataloging Scene

Hebraica records on the Research Libraries Information Network feature many inconsistencies in romanization, descriptive cataloging, and form of heading. The categories of inconsistency are outlined, and examples of the variations found on RLIN are provided and discussed from the perspective of a novice cataloger. Classic Hebrew grammar and Biblical sources are often cited as authorities for the correct forms, which may not be found in Library of Congress records. Local policies of the Jewish Theological Seminary regarding name and subject headings for Judaica are included.

Scientific and Technical Periodicals of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: A Guide by David A. Kronick

676 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Scientific and Technical Periodicals of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: A Guide. By David A. Kronick. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1991. Pp. xix + 332; appendixes, bibliography, indexes. $39.50. Bibliography, as George Sarton once observed, is an addiction. It is the good fortune of scholars that no cure has yet been found for it, as David Kronick’s guide to the periodical literature of early modern science and technology once again demonstrates. Kronick has pur­ sued this topic for more than thirty-five years, beginning with his University of Chicago dissertation on the “Origins and Development of the Scientific and Technological Periodical Press, 1665—1790,” published in 1956. Since then, his History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals has appeared in two editions published by the Scarecrow Press in 1962 and 1976. Kronick’s latest publication is a straightforward bibliographic guide and, like his earliest work, is limited to the period from the founding of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London to the end of the 18th century. Unlike R. M. Gascoigne’s relatively recent Historical Catalogue of Scientific Periodicals, 1665—1900 (New York: Garland, 1985) and Kronick’s earlier monographs, this guide is “merely” a traditional bibliography and does not represent an attempt to survey the development of scientific and technical journals. As a bibliography, however, it is a model of clarity and represents several incremental improvements to the existing bibliographical literature. For one, it is the first bibliography of its topic to take into account a major bibliographic database, namely, that of the Online Computer Library Center. In light of Kronick’s apparent willingness to sit in front of the computer terminal, it is too bad that he seems not to have also consulted the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN). The “Eighteenth Century Short Title Catalog,” available on RLIN, offers information that supplements, as well as occasionally varies with, entries in the Guide; it is the only major source of current value that Kronick seems to have omitted from consideration. This guide will be of particular interest to historians of technology. It is not just that the word “technical” appears in the title. The Guide in fact covers technical and economic literature as well as any other area of publishing, and it is now the best bibliographic guide in English to the 18th-century periodicals that covered these topics. Kronick has evidendy pored over Kirchner’s Bibliographic der Zeitschriften des deutschen Sprachgebietes and appreciated Kirchner’s coverage of technical subjects, the practical “arts,” Oekonomie, beekeeping, forestry, and sundry other practical subjects. As Kirchner is not well known among historians of science and technology, this is a small step forward, although it is possible that some users of the Guide may be puzzled by the apparent preponderance of German-language titles. Of the nearly 1,900 titles listed by Kronick, probably no more than 300 are in English, judging from a quick sampling. In a title count, TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 677 German is certainly the dominant language of publication, with French second, although many of the Gerfnan-language journals were short-lived or only of regional significance. Nonetheless, these numbers suggest that a good deal could be learned from a multina­ tional treatment of technical publication in the 18th century. When that study begins, Kronick’s Guide will be a valuable resource. Henry Lowood Dr. Lowood is bibliographer for History of Science and Technology Collections at Stanford University. He is the editor of the annual Technology and Culture “Current Bibliography in the History of Technology.” Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution. Edited by David C. Lindberg and Robert S. Westman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Pp. xxvii + 551; notes, index. $59.50 (cloth); $22.95 (paper). Reappraising the grand models of the previous generation seems to be a habit of historians. Hardly have the great figures painted their big picture of historical change than a swarm of fresh minds rush in to query, qualify, revise, and contradict. In an introductory essay to Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution, David Lindberg looks at the origins of our accepted concept of the Scientific Revolution to see how well it stands up...

Current Bibliography in the History of Technology (1991)

Current Bibliography in the History of Technology (1991) The following compilation is the thirtieth annual bibliography of current publications in the history of technology. Previous bibliogra­ phies in this series have appeared in Technology and Culture since 1964. The reader is also referred to the fifth publication of the SHOT Monograph Series, Eugene S. Ferguson’s Bibliography of the History of Technology (Cambridge, Mass.: SHOT and MIT Press, 1968). After last year’s changes in the format and coverage of the bibliography, relatively little is different this year. The bibliography has grown slightly and now comprises more than 2,500 citations yet appears to fit its new format as a separate issue of Technology and Culture comfortably. We have expanded coverage of publications in languages other than English somewhat and provided geographical subject terms for the majority of entries, but on the whole little has changed. One change that has not occurred is the addition of brief citations of conference papers, because few conference organizers submitted the information I needed to produce this section. The bibliography has been available to scholars in electronic form since March of 1992 on the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) as part of the HST (History of Science and Technology) file. It is possible to search several years of the data base (currently 1987—1991) simultaneously and to query it using a variety of indexes from your personal computer, assuming that you have a modem or access to Internet. Moreover, RLIN offers document delivery through its new CitaDel service. For more information, please contact the RLIN Information Center at 800-537-RLIN (U.S. and Canada) or at BL.RIC@RLG.BITNET via electronic mail. The Isis “Current Bibliography of the History of Science” is also available through RLIN in the HST file. I would like to thank the other contributors to the bibliography: Judith A. Adams, Stephen H. Cutcliffe, and Ian Winship. This year, Katalin Harkanyi hasjoined the team; Jane Morley and Christine M. Roysdon have moved on to other projects, and I would like to thank them both for years of tireless contributions to the bibliography. The© 1993 by the Society for the History of Technology. All rights reserved. 0040-165X/93/34 1 2 Henry Lowood invaluable History of Technology Index, published under the editorship of Nicholas J. Wyatt by the Science Museum Library in London, has this year again been an important source of references, particularly for yielding citations from journals that were not available to be scanned by any of us. And there is still ample room for additional contributors who may be willing to scan a selected set ofjournals or keep track of publications in one of the subfields of the history of technology. Indeed, additional contributors are needed, and I encourage anyone who wishes to contribute on a regular basis to contact me. I also thank those who have sent me individual publications, offprints, journal issues, or citations. This bibliography can only provide a comprehensive picture of published research in the history of technology if those who publish will take a bit of time to submit offprints or full citations to me at the History of Science and Technology Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stan­ ford, California 94305-6004. I also welcome bibliographic informa­ tion via electronic mail (Henry.Lowood@forsythe.stanford.edu) or fax (415-725-1068). I would like to thank a few people who have contributed behind the scenes. Karen Crowell and Roger Strathausen assisted with biblio­ graphic verifications and data entry; their work was supported by the Ellen Poyet Endowment, which funds an undergraduate library assistantship in the history of science and technology in the Stanford University Libraries. Louis Rodriquez of Lehigh University’s Science, Technology and Society Program helped with data entry. I am also grateful to the University of Chicago Journals Division staff for their work in copyediting and producing the bibliography. Robert Post and Joan Mentzer provided encouragement and advice. Finally, I would like again to express my gratitude to the users of this bibliography, particularly those who have made an effort to come forward with comments, criticisms, and compliments. Stanford University Libraries Stanford University With the collaboration of: Lockwood Memorial Library...