Sector Research Research Articles

A Study of Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Folk Medicinal Plant (Teucrium polium)

Introduction: Investigating the chemical composition and bioactivity of Teucrium polium, sometimes referred to as Germander, was the goal of the current study. Analysis was done on the T. polium extracts. Numerous chemical components found in it contribute to its therapeutic qualities. Flavonoids, terpenoids, essential oils, and other substances with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities are among these chemicals. Material and Methods: Collected a sample of the leaves and bark of the Teucrium polium plant from the vicinity of the University of Tabuk and produced an extract for analysis. Gas chromatography was used to evaluate the extracts, and Teucrium polium extract's antibacterial qualities were also examined. Results: The ethanol extract outperformed the hexane extract in terms of activity or in other words Hexane extract was less active than ethanolic extract on all other microorganisms. The hexane extract exhibited a 23 mm inhibitory zone and high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Despite this, the extracts' zones of inhibition for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were comparable in size (23, 24, and 23 mm, respectively). Conclusion and Work's Significance: The clinical, pharmacological, and research in medicine sectors, along with the food as well as cosmetics industries, can all benefit from the substantial biological activity of T. polium extracts. They possess a vast array of therapeutic applications and have long been used to cure a range of ailments.

Tailoring catalysis at the atomic level: trends and breakthroughs in single atom catalysts for organic transformation reactions.

The utilization of precise materials in heterogeneous catalysis will provide various new possibilities for developing superior catalysts to tackle worldwide energy and environmental issues. In recent years, single atom catalysts (SACs) with excellent atom utilization and isolated active sites have progressed dramatically as a thriving sector of catalysis research. Additionally, SACs bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and overcome the limitations of both categories. Current research on SACs is highly oriented towards the organic synthesis of high-significance molecules with promising potential for large-scale applicability and industrialization. In this context, this review aims to comprehensively analyze the state-of-the-art research in the synthesis of SACs and analyze their structural, electronic, and geometric properties. Moreover, the unprecedented catalytic performance of the SACs towards various organic transformation reactions is succinctly summarized with recent reports. Further, a detailed summary of the current state of the research field of SACs in organic transformation is discussed. Finally, a critical analysis of the existing challenges in this emerging field of SACs and the possible countermeasures are provided. We believe that SACs have the potential to profoundly alter the chemical industry, pushing the boundaries of catalysis in new and undiscovered territory.

Development of a Self-Assessment Tool for Safety Culture in Nuclear Installations

A study has been conducted to develop a self-assessment tool for safety culture that BAPETEN can use for nuclear installations in Indonesia. Safety culture is one of the safety and licensing requirements in nuclear energy laws and regulations. BAPETEN is also entrusted to conduct assessments and foster safety culture. BAPETEN has carried out these activities at BATAN nuclear installations from 2005 to 2012. As a follow-up, BATAN has taken various measures to evaluate and develop a safety culture at all its nuclear installations. In 2021, all Non-Ministerial Government Institutions in the research sector, including BATAN, were merged into one under the management of BRIN. This organizational change certainly has the potential to affect safety and safety culture performance. In practice, the results of inspections in the last two years have shown a tendency for an increase in the number of findings. BAPETEN has yet to have a documented, comprehensive method for assessing safety culture performance. Thus, this study aims to develop a documented and comprehensive method for assessing safety culture performance at nuclear installations. This study applies descriptive, qualitative, and analytical techniques, using primary and secondary data, and is conducted in several stages: literature study, presentation and discussion of information transfer and documentation from past practices, comparative study with a high-risk industry, safety culture assessment workshops, and review and validation. In conclusion, this study has produced safety culture assessment tools through a questionnaire survey, document analysis field observation, interviews, and focus groups. The four tools, which refer to the IAEA safety culture systematics with five characteristics, complement each other and can be expected to be comprehensive but realistic enough to be implemented. The study also recommends that an immediate assessment should be carried out using these four tools on the existing nuclear installations. At the end of the assessment, the assessment team should evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the four tools for improvement. Keywords: safety culture, independent assessment, nuclear installation

From Theory to Practice: The Impact of E-Learning on Student Performance, Trends, and Educational Horizons

BACKGROUND: Following the global outbreak of COVID-19, conventional classrooms have been supplanted by e-learning platforms, which have assumed a critical role in ensur-ing educational continuity. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to examine the interplay between e-learning platforms and student performance in the age after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This bibliometric analysis uses PRISMA to summarise studies linking e-learning platforms to student performance. Scopus was selected for its broad coverage and reputation as a scientific article analysis resource. A complete keyword search yielded 8060 publications in the database. Applying inclusion and ex-clusion criteria narrowed the findings to 1420 relevant articles. RESULTS: Since 2019, e-learning and student performance papers have increased, suggesting a greater focus on research. The list of major publications, governments, and organizations that contribute to this issue shows a global effect. The study emphasizes the most prolific authors and main research keywords, reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of e-learning research. CONCLUSION: E-learning is becoming more important in education, as shown by an increasing number of publications, a diverse variety of writers, and a focus on numerous subject areas and keywords. This shows how collaborative and diversified this sector's research is. RECOMMENDATION: The paper recommends greater study to improve digital education and student learning. Understanding and improving the impact of e-learning platforms on student performance requires creating techniques and expanding the corpus of knowledge.

Balancing the legal, ethical, and practical aspects of using digital health technologies in clinical research

Digital health technologies bring innovation to participants in clinical trials. They enable the collection, use, and sharing of large amounts of data for medical and scientific research purposes, which ultimately benefits patients. In the context of drug development, traditional clinical trials face significant privacy challenges due to a lack of harmonisation and diverging interpretations of privacy laws and authorities’ guidance. Given the use of digital health technologies, decentralised trials in particular have to manage an additional level of complexity. Involving technology providers increases concerns around the access, storage, and security of study data. Authorities, ethics committees, and healthcare institutions often ask for various additional or bespoke requirements that may diverge from or even conflict with each other, which can lead to unintended consequences for research initiatives and for individuals who are willing to participate in innovative clinical trials. This article outlines some legal, ethical, and practical issues as well as their consequences when using digital health technologies in the research sector.

Women are awarded more team than solo grants and lead more gender-balanced teams than men

Abstract We modelled patterns of collaboration, team gender composition, and funding amounts across awarded Australian government-funded competitive team research grants from 2000 to 2020. The percentage of grants awarded to women at mid- and senior-career levels was higher for team grants than sole investigator grants compared to men at those levels. Teams led by women tended to have a greater percentage of women coinvestigators than teams led by men, but this was below gender parity regardless of team leader gender. Funding amounts per grant did not differ by the principal investigator’s gender and reached parity in 2020 across teams with both high and low representation of women. Since teams tend to be more gender-balanced when led by women, women’s grant leadership may be an important mechanism for shifting overall representation of women in research. We offer public policy measures to address gender inequities in the research sector.

Researcher identities and values in the impact agenda: the case of artificial intelligence academics

AbstractA major shift in the research sector has been the increased expectation from policymakers and funders that academic research should yield some socioeconomic benefits or ‘impacts’ rather than merely new knowledge. In this paper, we explore the role that impact has in academics’ motivations and values and how impact is being integrated into academics’ core functions of research and education. We do this through in-depth interviews (n = 60) with scientists who work on the development or application of artificial intelligence (AI), broadly defined. This AI’s focus situates our participants within a strategically important, high-priority area of research for all three national contexts included in our study—Australia, the UK and the USA. Our findings reveal that the impact mission has become central to understanding the motivations and values of academics, but unevenly. We identify divergence between those who work on AI from a foundational computer science perspective and those who develop and apply AI within other scientific domains. The two groups have different understandings of key notions such as ‘impact’ and ‘applied research’, as well as different ways of integrating the impact agenda into their research and education activities. The study highlights the importance of flexible approaches to research policy and governance that are based on a deeper understanding of what motivates researchers, and that take into account academics’ educational role. Greater holistic understanding of how academic identities and practices are accommodating the impact agenda is essential to maximise synergy across activities and avoid unintended consequences.

Microplastics and Trash Cleaning and Harmonization (MaTCH): Semantic Data Ingestion and Harmonization Using Artificial Intelligence.

With the rapid expansion of microplastic research and reliance on semantic descriptors, there is an increasing need for plastic pollution data harmonization. Data standards have been developed but are seldom implemented across research sectors, geographic regions, environmental media, or size classes of plastic pollution. Harmonization of existing data is currently hindered by increasingly large datasets using thousands of different categorical variable descriptors, as well as various metrics used to describe particle abundance and differing size ranges studied across groups. For this study, we used manually developed relational databases to build an algorithm utilizing artificial intelligence capable of automatically curating harmonized, more usable datasets describing micro to macro plastic pollution in the environment. The study algorithm MaTCH (microplastics and trash cleaning and harmonization) can harmonize datasets with different formats, nomenclature, methods, and measured particle characteristics with an accuracy of 71-94% when matching semantically. All other non-semantic corrections are reported within a 95% confidence interval and with model uncertainty. All steps of the algorithm are integrated in an open-source software tool for the benefit of the scientific community and ease of integration for all plastic pollution data.

The impact of research and development on the economies of countries of the world: A statistical analysis

Effective management of national science and research is on the constant rise, so the task of revealing how economic “return” from the research and development sector can be maximized is becoming more and more relevant. The article examines the mutual influence of the development of science and the funding of research and development in 97 countries around the world, on the one hand, and their national per capita incomes, on the other hand. A wide range of indicators is used, including patent activity, research and development expenditures, the number of researchers and the number of Scopus-indexed publications by subject area (relative to the population of countries). Among all the subject areas studied, the number of publications in economics is most closely related to the level of GDP per capita (PPP). We then use linear multiple regression to study the relation between the number of Scopus-indexed publications in economics and expenditures on research and development. A comparison of simulated data with real data shows that oil and gas producing countries (including Russia) demonstrate an economic level higher than expected. The leading world economies (USA, China, Japan, Germany, France, Great Britain) are well described by our resulting model. Ensuring high expenditure on research and development is of paramount importance for modern economic growth. In addition, an overall high level of publication activity is important, with particular attention to the development of research in economics.

Industry specialisation of the Kemerovsk region – Kuzbass: trends and problems that affect economic growth and development of the region

The article is devoted to studying the influence of industry specialisation of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass on the economic growth of the entity. The purpose of the study is to identify the most significant trends and problems of the industry specialisation that affect the development of the region. Using methods of scientific knowledge – description, synthesis and generalisation of the data obtained; literature review, graphical method – the following has been conducted: analysis of the dynamics of structural changes in the gross regional product (hereinafter referred to as GRP) of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass; assessment of trends in the movement of main industry indicators and indicators of regional industry. The information base of the study consists of foreign and domestic publications devoted to the analysis of the GRP sectoral structure; statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service and its territorial authority for the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass. Based on the analysis of the structural changes dynamics, an increase in the contribution of the raw materials sector to the country’s gross domestic product and an increase in the share of mineral extraction in the industry structure of the GRP of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass have been revealed. The trend of decrease in the industrial production index is analysed, it is shown that it has a trend similar to the dynamics of the decline in mining production, and the reasons for the decline are described. The strengthening trend of economic growth in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass based on the raw model has been determined. East Asian models of economic growth are considered. The expediency of using international experience in the design of high-tech industries on the basis of private investment in the research and development sector, and its adaptation to the realities of the development of Russian regions is indicated. A conclusion is drawn about the need to support the technological sovereignty of the country and the transition of the development of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass to a non-primary model.

NOVEL HYBRIDS OF QUINOLINE LINKED PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AS CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS: MOLECULAR DOCKING, ADMET STUDY, AND MD SIMULATION

Objective: Finding novel anti-inflammatory compounds is a crucial sector of research despite the significant advances this field has made. Inefficiency and unfavorable side effects are indeed potential drawbacks of conventional therapy utilizing steroidal or nonsteroidal drugs. This study aims to screen the designed quinoline-linked pyrimidine derivatives as Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. Methods: In the present study, we assessed the binding interactions of designed quinoline-linked pyrimidine derivatives with COX enzymes using a molecular docking approach. Using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, the compound’s behavior was further investigated and its stability and conformational dynamics were demonstrated. Schrödinger's QikProp program was utilized to analyze the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) properties and toxicity properties were further investigated using Osiris Property Explorer. Additionally, the protein-ligand complexes' binding free energy has been ascertained using the Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) approach, which offered crucial information regarding the strength of their interactions. Results: The designed quinoline-linked pyrimidine derivatives fulfilled the Lipinski Rule of Five and had physicochemical characteristics within acceptable ranges, better ADME properties, and were non-toxic. Among the designed compounds, QPDU1 and QPDT6 showed correspondingly good docking scores for COX-1 and COX-2. QPDT6 was additionally analyzed by MD simulation studies to thoroughly examine the interaction between protein and ligand and their stability. Conclusion: The proposed compounds exhibit strong binding affinities to COX enzymes, stable interactions in MD simulations, and favorable drug-like features. These results support the need for more research and development of these substances as possible anti-inflammatory drugs.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Resilience of the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain: Lessons from Past Experiences and Strategies for the Future

Background: The pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) faced numerous challenges, particularly during the COVID-19 crisis. Due to the supply chain (SC) 's vulnerabilities, it requires enhanced capabilities to address these challenges. In Iran, specific economic and political issues have intensified the vulnerabilities of the PSC. Objectives: This study investigates the issues caused by the COVID-19 crisis in the PSC, identifies and characterizes these issues, and recommends appropriate courses of action to address future SC disruptions. Methods: This study is a qualitative-quantitative analysis conducted in Iran during the COVID-19 crisis. Qualitative thematic analysis was performed from July 2022 until May 2023. Semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 23 Iranian PSC specialists were conducted until saturation was reached. The qualitative phase was analyzed using MAXQDA 2021. The quantitative phase included a survey of 547 individuals working in pharmaceutical manufacturing in Iran, with the questionnaires analyzed using SPSS 26. Results: In the qualitative phase, the research identified two main themes: (1) vulnerabilities and (2) capabilities, along with 15 subthemes providing solutions to enhance the resilience of the PSC. In the quantitative phase, findings from 64 questionnaires highlighted major vulnerabilities and capabilities necessary to create a resilient SC. The median score for vulnerabilities was 5.12, while the median score for capabilities was 5.39. Conclusions: According to the questionnaire results, the quantitative findings indicate that capabilities received a higher score, suggesting that this sector of the PSC demonstrated better resilience against the pandemic. This study, with its contextual focus, mixed-method approach, comprehensive analysis of vulnerabilities and capabilities, and sector-specific insights, offers a novel contribution to the understanding of SC resilience within Iranian pharmaceutical manufacturing. It also has the potential to promote further research in other sectors of the PSC.

Optimizing Hybrid Electric Microcar Design: A Simulation-Based Approach to Fuel-Cell Powertrains Analysis

Abstract The pressing need to reduce emissions and pollutants requires a significant diversification of mobility solutions and energy sources used to this aim. Light quadricycles with electric powertrains are increasingly recognized in research and industrial sectors as viable alternatives for achieving urban sustainable mobility solutions. Their lightweight design, compact dimensions, simplified prototyping and manufacturing processes, high efficiency, and lower emissions across the entire life cycle contribute to their growing importance. In line with this trend, integrating a hydrogen fuel cells stack with a battery pack is a promising powertrain solution, leveraging both technologies’ strengths. However, the design and development of such hybrid systems necessitate advanced methodologies that can address the problem of significant prototyping costs and time commitments while still ensuring optimal configurations. The availability of detailed simulation tools integrated with hardware components (vehicle simulation platforms) plays a crucial role in this endeavor, enabling insights on local phenomena which otherwise would be neglected, as such the purge phase, strongly impacting on the global consumption. These test platforms encompass all the main subsystems to account for all the vehicle demands while ensuring very good reliability for the predictions of performance and allowing the validation of the components. This enables the possibility of testing the vehicle under a wide set of operating conditions (e.g., weather conditions and driving cycles) within a simulated environment, thus reducing the costs related to the component sizing issues. In this context, the work presented in this paper, develops the fuel cell stack sizing analysis of a hybrid electric microcar, proposing a methodological approach for the powertrain design process. A detailed simulation platform is introduced for a hybrid electric microcar. The two energy sources, namely the Li-ion battery pack and the fuel cell stack, have been experimentally characterized and implemented into the model, also considering the experimental performances of the balance of plant elements as of the DC-DC converter. A linear scale-up method is implemented on the fuel cell stack to consider different configurations, and a deep analysis of the hydrogen consumption, comprising the scale-up of the purge phase, is presented, proposing two different approaches to the problem. From a technological standpoint, different results regarding the choice of fuel cell size have been found. As an example, the role of purging and its relationship with the size of the fuel cell stack may lead to a 14 % increase in the vehicle’s estimated range with respect to the baseline. Cost analyses are then needed to reach a trade-off between the costs and the technological standpoints.

Developments in Dance Research: The UK Dance Research Matters Programme

The 2020 Dance Research Matters (DRM) campaign led to the launch of the £500,000 AHRC-funded Dance Research Matters Network programme towards the end of 2022. The article discusses the challenging backdrop against which it was formed, and how it exemplifies the mutual aims that researchers and funding bodies can achieve by working together. It asks what ‘resilience’ and ‘transformation’ might mean for alternative systems (and ways of being) within and beyond the human domain, and also for models of socio-political organisation at the shifting borders of the dance research sector. Examples and issues arising from the aims and events of the five DRM Networks illustrate how crucial it is when taking an ecological approach to funding dance research, for funders, institutions, researchers, and the Creative Industries to have an awareness of the complex and multi-layered implications involved for individuals, dance-related communities and others.

Medical students and house officers’ perception, attitude and potential barriers towards artificial intelligence in Egypt, cross sectional survey

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) is one of the sectors of medical research that is expanding the fastest right now in healthcare. AI has rapidly advanced in the field of medicine, helping to treat a variety of illnesses and reducing the number of diagnostic and follow-up errors.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the perception and attitude towards artificial intelligence (AI) among medical students & house officers in Egypt.MethodsAn online cross-sectional study was done using a questionnaire on the Google Form website. The survey collected demographic data and explored participants’ perception, attitude & potential barriers towards AI.ResultsThere are 1,346 responses from Egyptian medical students (25.8%) & house officers (74.2%). Most participants have inadequate perception (76.4%) about the importance and usage of AI in the medical field, while the majority (87.4%) have a negative attitude. Multivariate analysis revealed that age is the only independent predictor of AI perception (AOR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.13). However, perception level and gender are both independent predictors of attitude towards AI (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.37–2.74 & AOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.30–2.49, respectively).ConclusionThe study found that medical students and house officers in Egypt have an overall negative attitude towards the integration of AI technologies in healthcare. Despite the potential benefits of AI-driven digital medicine, most respondents expressed concerns about the practical application of these technologies in the clinical setting. The current study highlights the need to address the concerns of medical students and house officers towards AI integration in Egypt. A multi-pronged approach, including education, targeted training, and addressing specific concerns, is necessary to facilitate the wider adoption of AI-enabled healthcare.

THE COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS AS OPPOSED TO THOSE WORKING OUTSIDE THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR

Communication, a fundamental aspect of human interaction, was the focus of this study. We compared the communication skills of individuals in the healthcare sector with those outside it. While the research did not uncover significant differences based on demographic characteristics, it did reveal noteworthy disparities in communication skill scores. These findings, we believe, will significantly contribute to the existing literature and provide valuable insights for addressing communication challenges at an institutional level. We recommend similar research in different institutions and sectors, with results evaluated separately, to further enhance our understanding of this crucial area.

Adapt research to the Anthropocene

Scientists measure how humans’ footprints deteriorate the global environment and our life, but neither monitoring nor technical solutions bend the curves. Homo sapiens is the dominating species of the Anthropocene. Should we re-focus research and explore potential transformation of the command centers of overexploitation: people's minds? The most important challenge for research in the Anthropocene is transformation of humans and their political and economic entities to respect the planet’s boundaries. Non-adapted research can mislead policies. On the example of two crucial risks, pollinator loss and climate change, the manuscript compares state-of-the-art research and what is needed. The examples show the necessary scope and depth of transformation. How to give more room for divergent intelligence, creativity and criticality in scientific and educational environments? The research sector must decide to either transform humans’ minds towards planetary responsible political performance or accept that AIscene might follow the Anthropocene and adapt humans to earth.

Predicting and assessing the impacts of COVID-19 disruption on marine science and sectors in Australia

AbstractBy March 2020 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was anticipated to present a major challenge to the work undertaken by scientists. This pandemic could be considered just one of the shocks that human society has had and will be likely to confront again in the future. As strategic thinking about the future can assist performance and planning of scientific research in the face of change, the pandemic presented an opportunity to evaluate the performance of marine researchers in prediction of future outcomes. In March 2020, two groups of researchers predicted outcomes for the Australian marine research sector, and then evaluated these predictions after 18 months. The self-assessed coping ability of a group experienced in ‘futures studies’ was not higher than the less-experienced group, suggesting that scientists in general may be well placed to cope with shocks. A range of changes to scientific endeavours (e.g., travel, fieldwork) and to marine sectors (e.g., fisheries, biodiversity) were predicted over the first 12–18 months of COVID-19 disruption. The predicted direction of change was generally correct (56%) or neutral (25%) for predictions related to the scientific endeavour, and correct (73%) or mixed (9%) for predictions related to sectors that are the focus of marine research. The success of this foresighting experiment suggests that the collective wisdom of scientists can be used by their organisations to consider the impact of shocks and disruptions and to better prepare for and cope with shocks. Graphical abstract Word cloud analysis of free text responses to questions about expected impact of COVID-19 on the activities associated with marine science

Exploring the impact of industrialization and electricity use on carbon emissions: The role of green FinTech in Asian countries using an asymmetric panel quantile ARDL approach

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how industrialization, financial development, electricity consumption, trade openness, and green FinTech affect on carbon emissions asymmetrically in Asian countries. DesignMethod/Approach: The study examined 29 years of panel data from 39 Asian countries from 1995 to 2022, sourced from World Development Indicators (WDI) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The study constructs a green financial technology index using principal component analysis (PCA). The study utilizes an Asymmetric Panel Quantile Autoregressive Distributive Lag (A-QARDL) model with pooled mean group (PMG) specifications to explore effects that exhibit cross-sectional homogeneous in the long-run, but heterogeneous in the short-run effects. FindingsIndustrialization and financial development have a strongly asymmetric impact on carbon emissions. Industrialization causes an increase in carbon emissions at various quantiles, while green FinTech plays a crucial role in mitigating these carbon emissions. Trade openness and domestic credit to the private sector also help reduce carbon emissions. Research limitations and implicationsThe study emphasizes the significance of employing green FinTech techniques and using renewable energy sources to meet sustainable industrialization and sustainability goals in Asian countries. The policy consequences include promoting environmentally friendly industrial practices, encouraging green financial investments, and boosting government financing for private sector research and development to mitigate carbon emissions. Originality/valueThe study employs robust modeling to analyze the role of green FinTech to enhance industrial sustainability. Both Industrialization and deindustrialization have an impact on economic emissions, and the potential of green FinTech's to promote sustainability contributes to the environment protection strategy.

Algerian vine canes as a good source of phenolic compounds for several in vitro biological activities

<p>One of the most widely cultivated crops in the world is grapevine knowing that about 77.8 million tons of grapes are produced worldwide each year. Both of vine growing, pruning, and winemaking generate a vast quantity of wastes and byproducts such as skin, seed, and canes. Grape canes include a wide range of phenolic profiles which have several biological effects. In the present study four vine Algerian grape cane cultivars were selected for the evaluation of their phenolic contents and biological activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, in vitro antioxidant activity (using DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power methods), enzyme inhibitory activity (towards alpha amylase, and urease) anti-inflammatory activity, and sun protection factor of each extract. All grape extracts were compared for their TPC and TFC values which ranged from 123 to 288 mg of Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract to 24.5 to 55.6 mg of quercetin equivalent (QCE)/g extract respectively. The highest TPC and TFC were found in the grape cultivar FR (288.8 mg GAE/g extract, 55,625 mg QCE/g extract respectively). The results revealed also that all extracts showed high antioxidant with the same trend of phenolic composition and significant enzymatic activity in all tests. Additionally, all extracts showed a moderate anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the denaturation of BSA, and given a high sun protection factor. These findings imply that grape canes which considered as undervalued parts have a significant potential to be used as a natural treatment for many physiological diseases and for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sector and medical research.</p>