Research In Czechoslovakia Research Articles

The Unknown Infection, or ‘Rožňava Disease’ in Czechoslovakia in 1951

This article analyses the scientific and ideological impact of the 1951 tick-borne encephalitis epidemic in Rožňava (Czechoslovakia). Scientists in Rožňava discovered the possibility of transmission of the tick-borne encephalitis virus through non-pasteurised milk. The article focuses on both the outbreak in Rožňava, with its social and ideological implications, and the subsequent virological research, which became a means of prestige and symbolic power for Czechoslovak scientists within the domestic and international scientific community. The article shows that an epidemic can become a tool of power. The Rožňava epidemic, although now forgotten, helped establish the institutional background for virological research in Czechoslovakia and was at the origin of the still cutting-edge knowledge of tick-borne encephalitis.

Reflections over the past and present research and higher education on tourism in Czechoslovakia and Slovakia

In Slovakia (and former Czechoslovakia), tourism was the subject of a systematic research of more research institutions between 1960 and 1990. These were institutions managed by government departments. Tourism research in Czechoslovakia started in the academic institutions in 1964, when the Department of Tourism and Hospitality was established at Bratislava School of Economics in Slovakia. This department moved to Banská Bystrica in 1973 and became the keystone of the newly established Faculty of Economics of Services and Tourism of the Bratislava School of Economics. After 1990, tourism research in Slovakia was concentrated in the academic institutions, and the number of higher education institutions offering studies in tourism and hotel management increased to seven. Research institutions changed their character, or disappeared in the privatization process. This paper outlines the specialization of tourism research in particular decades from the 1960s in the former Czechoslovakia, and after the splitting of the country into two separate states; it characterizes tourism research and education in Slovakia. Many results have been achieved thanks to the personal commitment and enthusiasm of scientists and teachers, as well as due to the conditions created for scientific research and tourism development by the state. Current tourism research is compared with the past fragmented and uncoordinated situation, which led to the wasting of human and financial resources.

Machine Translation Research in Czechoslovakia

Machine translation research activities in Czechoslovakia starting in early the 60's are outlined, together with the basics of the theoretical background on which the parsing and representation levels have been based. Two more recent systems are described in more detail: APAC, working from English to Czech on INSPEC technical abstracts, and RUSLAN, which, translating from CZECH to Russian, was heavily taking advantage of the closeness between these languages. We conclude with a short description of the current project, which emphasizes the use of text corpora in combination with (more) traditional approaches. Many of the ideas we want to elaborate in the near future are present in the current project, and a word on future plans is also added.

Aerosol research in Czechoslovakia before 1970

Aerosol research in Czechoslovakia before 1970

Operational research in the Czech Republic

This paper reviews the development of operational research in Czechoslovakia since the end of World War II, reports on the consequences of the split of Czechoslovakia into two separate states in 1993 and informs on the position of operational research in the contemporary emerging market economy of the Czech Republic. Special attention is given to the role of the journal Ekonomicko-matematický obzor ( Economical-Mathematical Review) that ceased to exist in 1991 after 27 years of service to the Central-European operational research community.

Results of human evolution research in Czechoslovakia

The results of anthropological research into human evolution have been discussed. Only two research places in CSSR have been engaged with the human evolution: the Department Anthropos in the Moravian Museum in Brno and the Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Praha. The first of them has been mainly concerned with the paleontological and archeological research reported elsewhere. In the second, the following main questions of human evolution have been discussed: the evolution of bipedal locomotion, the morphological aspects, both qualitative and quantitative ones, the locomotion in other primates and various aspects of their behaviour have been studied. In this connection also various questions of the evolution the of human mind and social consciousness were studied. Special attention has been paid to role of neoteny in the evolution of man and to the import of synergism of the main evolutionary factors. As one of the main results is the principle of sociogenesis viewed and its various aspects. Its top product is human consciousness integrating the most important results of human thinking. Much attention has been paid to its evolution on the basis of the principle of reflection. Also the philosophical and ideological consequences of the sociogenesis as the main trend in the evolution of organisms have been elaborated in detail.

Editor's Note

Olga Soffer-Bobyshev received her Ph.D. degree in anthropological archeology from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York in 1984. Her dissertation was on the Upper Paleolithic of the Central Russian Plain, where she had worked with Soviet colleagues since 1977. Professor Soffer-Bobyshev teaches at the University of Illinois. She specializes in Pleistocene archeology of Central and Eastern Europe, and is currently doing research in Czechoslovakia. Among her numerous publications is the monograph The Upper Paleolithic of the Central Russian Plain (Orlando, Florida: Academic Press, 1985); in 1987 she edited The Pleistocene Old World: Regional Perspectives (New York: Plenum, 1987). She is noted for unprecedented archeological fieldwork with Soviet colleagues on Soviet-American cultural exchanges (through IREX and the Academy of Sciences).

RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF DRYING TEORY AND COMPUTING METHODS IN CZECHOSLOVAKLA

ABSTRACT The survey on recent development of the drying technology research in Czechoslovakia is confined to major achievements in drying theory and dryers design in NRIMD Praha. Selected works deal with moisture bond and moisture transport in dried material, modeling of advanced dryers systems like the vibrofluidized bed and impact drying. Methods of the dryer design and computing of drying process parameters used in NRIMD are outlined.

Pedagogical communication and pedagogical interaction: A survey of theory and empirical research in Czechoslovakia

The article resumes about theoretical perspectives and empirical findings of research on pedagogical interaction and pedagogical communication in Czechoslovakia. For theoretical and methodological sources, the following concepts and theories are discussed: social interaction, joint activity, verbal influencing, causal approach. A survey of empirical investigations includes studies concerning the general profile of pedagogical interaction, structure and regulation of pedagogical communication, questioning, pedagogical communication in higher education, educational consequencies of teacher’s communicative behaviour.

Historical Geography in the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and in Czechoslovakia 1952-1982

The paper gives basic information about concrete results of the historico-geographic research in the CSSR during the last thirty years. The main attention is paid to the results achieved in the Institute of Czechoslovak and World History of the CSAS, which is the basic institution of historico-geographic research in Czechoslovakia.

Sociology of Youth in Czechoslovakia: A Report from 1968

Abstract The aim of this study is to provide the first complete general information on both the sociology of youth and on youth itself in Czechoslovakia for the years 1965 to 1968. The consequences of the abolition of sociological research in Czechoslovakia during the 1950s and the difficulties of its restoration after 1965 are briefly discussed. A survey of the main research projects in the sociology of youth under way or just completed in 1968 is given. The most important results of this research, which concern the political attitudes of the young, changing family structures, sex roles and sexual relationships, and the attitudes of young people towards work and leisure, are analyzed within the context of the substantial structural changes that have occured in Czechoslovakian society after the Second World War.

Futures research in Czechoslovakia

This is a review of futures studies in a socialist country where long-term forecasting has become institutionalised and serves the centralised policy making and planning. History of the subject, organisation of research and education, work on allocated research projects and on national economic forecasts, as well as its information network, are described.

Geophysical research in Czechoslovakia

For one month in August–September 1971 I had the privilege of visiting geophysical institutes in Czechoslovakia. This visit was made possible through the scientific exchange program between the United States National Academy of Sciences and the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (ČSAV).The purpose of this visit was to observe current geophysical research in Czechoslovakia, to become acquainted with research scientists in this field, and to exchange ideas and expertise with them. Under the terms of the exchange agreement, the U.S. Academy provided support for transportation to Czechoslovakia and the Czechoslovak Academy provided subsistence and travel expenses within the country.

Complex Physico-Geographical Research in Czechoslovakia and Its Practical Importance

Complex Physico-Geographical Research in Czechoslovakia and Its Practical Importance

Complex Physico-Geographical Research in Czechoslovakia: Its Principles, Problems and Practical Utilization

In the past Czechoslovak geography dealt above all with the study of the individual components of the natural environment. Attempts at comprehensive evaluation of the natural environment and the delimitation of natural landscapes were very rare in Czechoslovakia and not detailed enough (e. g. F. Koláček, 1924, 1934, J. Král, 1930). This fact reflects itself even in the new Atlas of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1966) were the very complex physico-geographical maps are missing. But in recent years the necessity of comprehensive study of the natural environment of Czechoslovakia became evident from the point of view, both of the development of the theory of geography as a science and of the needs of practice. That is why Czechoslovak geographers approached the comprehensive study and delimitation of the types of natural landscapes in Czechoslovakia in 1965. In this paper I am going to give concise information about the principles, problems and practical utilization of the results of that research.

Market Research in Czechoslovakia

Market Research in Czechoslovakia

Market Research in Czechoslovakia

Marketing research sometimes is thought of only in relation to economies based on free market systems. This article discusses the use of marketing research in a socialist state, where market systems are geared to state plans.

Results of Archaeomagnetic Research in Czechoslovakia for the Epoch from 4400 B. C. to the Present

Results of Archaeomagnetic Research in Czechoslovakia for the Epoch from 4400 B. C. to the Present

Air Pollution Research in Czechoslovakia

Air Pollution Research in Czechoslovakia

BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA.