Research Association Research Articles

Gender and Geographic Equity in the International Association for Dental Research Awards.

To examine the gender and geographic distribution of the International Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research (IADR) Distinguished Scientist Awards (DSA; data: 2019-2024), group awards (data: 1982-2024), and fellowships (data: 1987-2024). Publicly available data were obtained from the IADR awards website. Information on gender and location of the awardees was gathered from photographs and affiliations if available or otherwise from online profiles or using Genderize, an online gender allocation platform. Of the 99 DSA awardees in 2019 to 2024, 35% were women; 38% were from the United States, 12% were from the United Kingdom, and 11% were from Australia. Of the 35 DSA women awardees, 54% were from the United States and 11% from Finland. Of the 795 group awardees, 45% were women. Data on the location of awardees were readily available for 681 group awards; of these, 39% were from the United States and 87% were from high-income countries. Of the 113 fellowships awarded, 58% were to women. Of the 32 fellowships since 2018, 44% were for awardees from upper-middle income countries. Although women are overrepresented in the dental profession and the IADR has a global membership, women awardees remain underrepresented, and most awards are granted to researchers in high-income countries. These findings call attention to a deeper look at diversity, equity, and inclusion within the IADR. Gender diversity of IADR research awards is moving in the right direction, but geographic diversity lags, with most Distinguished Scientist Awards and group awards to members in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to consider performance relative to opportunities and applications. This change in process could provide a much-needed intersectionality lens for recognizing the research performance of IADR members while increasing diversity and inclusivity.

The ghosts of research past, present and future: understanding the past to inform a future of models-based practice research

ABSTRACT Background Each year, at the Invisible College – a one-day physical education and sport pedagogy (PESP) special interest group conference hosted prior to the main British Educational Research Association’s annual conference – a scholar is honoured with the Scholar Lecture in recognition of their significant contribution to the PESP field. This paper represents the 2024 Scholar Lecture. Purpose The purpose of this Scholar Lecture is to reflect on my contributions to the field of PESP, offering a modest overview of the development, current state, and future possibilities of Models-based Practice as seen through my research. Key concepts This paper draws inspiration from Charles Dickens’ novel, A Christmas Carol. In this work, the miserly protagonist is visited by three spirits – the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Future – to warn him of the consequences of leading a parsimonious life. In the paper, the metaphor of research ghosts is used to explore the past, present, and a possible future of Models-based Practice (MbP) research. I argue that, over a research career, ideas and concepts not only evolve and mature but also go in and out of vogue. Despite this, ideas are often grasped and used by other researchers to ‘make a point’ without regard to the evolution of the same idea. As a result, researchers with a significant ‘back catalogue’ are left to live with the echoes of their past research. Consequently, I argue that both the genesis and the evolution of ideas need to be considered if we are to give due recognition to the work in the field of physical education and sport pedagogy. Discussion and conclusion Moving from the past to the present and a possible future of MbP research, I explore the ideas of model fidelity and hybrid pedagogical models, consider the dissonance that exists between my ghosts of research past and present and acknowledge that the fault for any (mis)interpretation of my ideas lies with me. Finally, I consider what I believe is missing from MbP research and reflect on the Whiteness, able-bodied-ness, lack of social justice-ness and Eurocentric nature of MbP. I note that there are, for example, few, if any, people of colour in models’ scholarship, and argue that we need to better understand the unique experiences of different groups in this space. Fundamentally, we need to consider the different bodies that might be impacted by our research and better acknowledge that the global crisis of school physical education is far more nuanced and far less global than we might imagine. Finally, we must ensure that we are not haunted by our own ghosts but instead see them as reminders of our oversights and assumptions, and ultimately as a vehicle through which to understand the ways in which our thinking quite rightly evolves over time.

„Ein Minimum von unabdingbaren erziehungswissenschaftlichen Inhalten und Grundlagenwissen“ – Kerncurricula der Erziehungswissenschaft im Rückblick

This article focuses on the disciplinary society’s recommendations for the design of educational science degree programs as an expression of symbolic boundary work on internal and externally visible disciplinary boundaries. To this end, this article takes a retrospective perspective on the core curricular recommendations for the design of study programs of the German Educational Research Association in the period from 1968 to 2010. It asks what the initial points of the core curricula were, how and what is expressed in the definition of a “core” about disciplinary boundaries, and how these questions are also connected with the study program landscape. Differences between the (changing) core curricula indicate how the balance between openness towards differentiation processes and plural disciplinary perspectives was achieved in the resolutions of a “corpus” of common, disciplinary knowledge.

Kerncurriculum Erziehungswissenschaft (3/2024)

Since its introduction in 2004, the Core Curriculum for Educational Studies (KCE) has served as a foundational framework for shaping both disciplinary understanding and curricular content, as well as fostering professionalization across various educational fields. Fourteen years later, the field of Educational Science has faced numerous challenges that have prompted further critical selfreflection within the discipline. As a result, a revision of the Core Curriculum has become essential. In response, a board committee, consisting of appointed representatives from across the discipline, undertook the task of updating the curriculum. This revision was thoroughly discussed within the sections and commissions of the German Educational Research Association (GERA) in the fall of 2023. Based on the feedback received, a second draft was formulated, which was subsequently approved by the board in 2024.

Kerncurriculum Erziehungswissenschaft: ein Blick zurück und nach vorn. Interview mit Rudolf Tippelt, geführt von Michael Schemmann

In light of the adoption of the 2024 Core Curriculum for Educational Studies, it is essential to revisit its historical origins. The initial version was ratified in 2004 by the board of The German Educational Research Association (GERA) at that time. In an interview with Michael Schemmann, Rudolf Tippelt, a key participant in the process, reflects on the contextual factors, underlying motives, and the debates that shaped its development.

Evaluating clinical meaningfulness of anti-β-amyloid therapies amidst amyloid related imaging abnormalities concern in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly, which is clinically characterised by a gradual and progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. The central and early role of β-amyloid in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is supported by a plethora of studies including genetic analyses, biomarker research, and genome-wide association studies in both familial (early-onset) and sporadic (late-onset) forms of Alzheimer’s. Monoclonal antibodies directed against β-amyloid demonstrate slowing of the clinical deterioration of patients with early Alzheimer’s disease. Aducanumab, lecanemab, and donanemab clinical trials showed slowing of Alzheimer’s disease progression on composite scores by 25–40% based on the measure used. Anti-β-amyloid antibodies can cause side effects of bleeding and swelling in the brain, called amyloid related imaging abnormalities. Amyloid related imaging abnormalities typically occur early in treatment and are often asymptomatic, though in rare cases, they can lead to serious or life-threatening events. The aim of this review is to evaluate the clinical meaningfulness of anti-β-amyloid therapies amidst amyloid related imaging abnormalities concern in Alzheimer’s disease.

Development and Test of AFT-Fuselage BLI Propulsor Experiment

Aircraft boundary-layer ingestion (BLI) propulsion involves a deep mutual aerodynamic interaction between the embedded engines and the airframe. This paper presents wind-tunnel tests followed by numerical validation investigating the aerodynamic characteristics of a representative airframe model with tail-cone BLI propulsor. Starting from a reference fuselage and by means of several axisymmetric optimizations aimed at maximizing the ratio between the net force thrust power to BLI fan disk power, an optimized upswept fuselage geometry with a nonaxisymmetric aft nacelle are derived. The model is manufactured and tested in the Aircraft Research Association transonic wind-tunnel facility at Mach numbers from 0.20 to 0.80, measuring extensive flow data. A detailed computational fluid dynamics study is conducted to assess the ability of steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solutions to replicate experimental data. Five grid resolutions for two topologies with three turbulence models are tested at low- and high-speed conditions. The computational fluid dynamics is generally able to reproduce with good accuracy the measured flowfield at the aerodynamic interface plane using a sufficient mesh resolution, with a higher sensitivity to the turbulence closures in areas affected by shear layers and flow separations.

William Bateson, black slavery, eugenics and speciation: The relative roles of politics and science

The peace of the world is challenged by societal confrontations that can often be labeled "racial" or "ethnic." Emblematic of this is discrimination based on skin colour. William Bateson's background suggests sympathy with the black emancipation movement. Yet the movement's success is attributed more to battles between political figures than between scientists with contending views on the biology of racial differences. However, in the long term, Bateson's contributions to slavery and eugenic issues may be seen as no less important than those of politicians. Mendel's discovery of what we now know as "genes" languished until seized upon by Bateson in 1900. For six exhausting years he struggled to win scientific acceptance of these biological character-determining units. Later, he pressed the Mendelian message home to the general public, opposing simplistic applications of Mendelian principles to human affairs, and arguing that minor genic differences that distinguished "races" - e.g. skin colour - do not initiate new species. Bateson praised the "physiological selection" speciation hypothesis of Darwin's young research associate, George Romanes. This enthusiasm was rekindled by Robert Lock and formulated in modern terms with C. R. Crowther. Thus, the spark that initiates a divergence into two species can be non-genic. This normal form of hybrid sterility, based on genome-wide DNA sequence differences, operates on, but has not succeeded in dividing, the human species. It should not be labeled "idiopathic," and be clearly distinguished both from pathological sterility and undiagnosed sterilities that may prove to be pathological. We are one reproductively isolated population, the human species.

Utilization of an Undergraduate Emergency Department Research Associate Program for the Screening and Recruitment of Research Subjects with Heart Failure into a Clinical Study

Utilization of an Undergraduate Emergency Department Research Associate Program for the Screening and Recruitment of Research Subjects with Heart Failure into a Clinical Study

Bryan Stanley Turner's Philosophical Thoughts: Citizenship Outline Analysis

Bryan Stanley Turner is a professor of sociology and politics who was born in Birmingham, England on January 14, 1945. Bryan S Turner is also a director of the religious committee at The City University Of New York. He is also the director of the Centre for Contemporary Islamic Studies at the University of Western Sydney. Not stopping there, Brayen is also registered as a member of the American Sociological Research Association. This study uses a literature study. Literature study research is oriented to theories relevant to research problems. In this satisfaction study, it analyzes Bryan Stanley Turner's journal of philosophical thought about the analysis of the outline of citizenship published in 1990 in the British Sociological Association and several other relevant reading sources. Turner's view of the conception of citizenship is a set of rights and obligations that give a formal legal identity to individuals. These legal and formal rights have historically been united as a set of social institutions such as the jury system, parliaments and the welfare state. Bryan Turner offered a revised model of citizenship that included legal rights (or civil rights in the Marshall model), political rights, social rights and human rights.

Middle-Level Teacher Certification/Licensure: Current Status and Future Directions

The Successful Middle School: This We Believe calls for specialized middle-level certification/licensure and teacher development. Certification/licensure has an impact on teacher preparation and, likely, the recruitment and retention of middle-level educators. In order to continue to advocate for specialized certification/licensure, research needs to determine the nature of certification/licensure, the origins and impacts of their shifts, and the recruitment and retention of middle-level educators, especially related to their pathway. This literature review is part of the development of a research agenda for the American Educational Research Association’s (AERA) Middle Level Education Research (MLER) Special Interest Group (SIG). The purpose of this review is to examine the current status of the research related to middle-level certification/licensure and the research questions generated for the MLER SIG research agenda. The literature from the last 23 years was explored to conduct this combination of literature and scoping literature review. Gaps of research were identified, and some questions were unable to be answered through this type of study. From this literature review, it is clear that ongoing and additional research needs to be conducted related to middle-level certification/licensure related to the research questions we initially generated as part of the research agenda.

Art Education in the Age of Crises: Opportunities for Hope and Transformation

The culture of post-industrial societies has proven unsustainable in many ways: climate change, overconsumption of natural resources, violent conflicts, and social inequality create a looming dystopia that leaves people hopeless and without a vision for the future. Amid complex eco-social crises, it is essential to consider the role of art education as an educational and societal resource. Art education is not isolated from other sectors of society but is always connected to broader cultural and political contexts. In other words, art education can never be neutral; it either strengthens or challenges and reshapes the values and practices prevailing in society through its choices. This thematic issue, Art and a Hopeful Future, brings together studies presented in the Arts Education Special Interest Group at the 2023 FERA (Finnish Educational Research Association) Conference, focusing on the significance of art education as a builder of hope for the future.

Summary of the 73rd Annual Conference of the Literacy Research Association, November 29–December 2, 2023

Summary of the 73rd Annual Conference of the Literacy Research Association, November 29–December 2, 2023

“Close to my Heart”: Teacher Educators Building Racial Literacies

Although building preservice teachers’ racial literacy is a key goal to reducing racial inequity in K-12 settings, little attention has been paid to how literacy teacher educators are prepared to conduct this work. This is unsurprising given the neoliberal logic underpinning universities today. In this multiduo autoethnographic study, six literacy teacher educators utilized reflection on critical incidents to examine their own racial literacy development. By forming cross-racial pairs and utilizing a combination of writing and dialogue, these six participant/researchers interrogated their own views and experiences of race and racism. Findings suggest that the examination of critical incidents can support teacher educators’ racial literacy growth. Specifically, participants reflected on the vulnerability necessary to support preservice teachers’ racial literacy development and utilized ethnographic methods to build the practice of sharing about their own racial literacy learning. They also used critical incidents to come to a deeper understanding of the construct of racial literacy itself. These results imply that for professional organizations such as the Literacy Research Association to deliver on their espoused commitments to addressing ongoing institutional racism, they must intentionally create professional spaces for coreflection and dialog about racial literacy. Further, we consider the implications of this work for literacy doctoral programs and teacher educator preparation within contexts of college and university-based teacher education programs.

Coming Up…

The annual AMERSA Conference (Association for Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance use and Addiction) will be held November 14‐16 in Chicago. For more information, go to https://amersa.org/

Overview of retail investment instruments of the Russian economy

Features of the current stage of development of Russia increase the relevance of studying problems associated with the expansion of internal sources of financing economic growth, one of which may be citizens’ savings. To attract private capital more widely, the national financial system can and should provide a large range of tools for private investors that meet the needs of citizens in terms of profitability and safety of funds. The paper has considered the key tools of retail investment, which are currently widely used in domestic practice. Alternative ways of private investment have also been explored. They can be applied depending on the needs of specific actors, market participants, or citizens. The development of a line of instruments for the retail investment – deposits, long-term individual investment accounts, products of research and production associations, insurance products, etc., their availability is one of the conditions for the effective functioning of the domestic financial market and, as a consequence, the Russian economy as a whole. The analysis of the essence, trends, opportunities, and risks of the retail investment instruments will allow us to assess the effectiveness of the activities of financial regulators in this area and identify promising and appropriate areas for its improvement.

Performance Characteristics of a New Generation 148-cm Axial Field-of-View uMI Panorama GS PET/CT System with Extended NEMA NU 2-2018 and EARL Standards.

The uMI Panorama GS PET/CT system is a new long-axial-field-of-view scanner featuring high sensitivity, time-of-flight (TOF) resolution, spatial resolution, and count rate performance. The aim of this study is to assess the PET system on the basis of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2-2018 and European Association of Nuclear Medicine Research Limited (EARL) standards. Methods: Spatial resolution, count rate performance, sensitivity, accuracy, image quality, TOF resolution, and coregistration accuracy were evaluated following the NEMA NU 2-2018 standard. Additional experiments included energy resolution, 200-cm-long line sources for sensitivity, a 175-cm-long scatter phantom for count rate and TOF resolution, as well as the compliance with the EARL guideline. Moreover, an 18F-FDG PET patient study was reconstructed with various frame durations. Results: The PET system achieved sub-3-mm transaxial and axial spatial resolutions at a 1-cm radial offset. The sensitivities with the 70-cm-long and 200-cm-long line sources were observed to be 176.3 and 90.8 kcps/MBq, respectively, at the center of the field of view. The noise-equivalent count rates (NECRs) of the 70-cm-long and 175-cm-long scatter phantoms were measured to be 3.35 Mcps at 57.57 kBq/mL and 2.24 Mcps at 33.27 kBq/mL, respectively. The TOF resolutions for both phantoms were approximately 189 ps at 5.3 kBq/mL and lower than 200 ps below the NECR peaks. The absolute count rate errors of all 34 acquisitions were less than 3% below the NECR peak for the 70-cm-long scatter phantom. With the standard NEMA image quality phantom experiment, the contrast recovery coefficient varied from 68.17% to 94.20% and the background variabilities were all below 2%. The maximum PET/CT coregistration error was 1.33 mm. Regarding EARL compliance, the gaussian filter of 5-mm full width at half maximum could produce acceptable images. The patient data demonstrate visually satisfactory image quality with short frames (less than 1 min). Conclusion: The uMI Panorama GS exhibits spatial resolution and TOF resolution similar to those of the uMI Panorama system (35-cm axial field of view), despite the extended axial field of view. The 148-cm axial coverage, sub-200-ps TOF resolution, high sensitivity, and count rate performances are expected to yield superior image quality and offer new opportunities for various clinical applications.

First person – Nouf Khan and Talhah Mohd Salmi

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Nouf Khan and Talhah Mohd Salmi are co-first authors on ‘ Optimized methods to image hepatic lipid droplets in zebrafish larvae’, published in DMM. Nouf is a research assistant in the lab of Kirsten C. Sadler at New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, investigating the function of activating transcription factor (Atf6) in the context of development and stress response in zebrafish. Talhah conducted the research described in this article while a postdoctoral researcher in the lab of Associate Professor Andrew Cox at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia, and is now an In-House Clinical Research Associate at Icon Biotech, South Yarra, Australia, investigating how oncogenic transcription factors regulate metabolism to promote liver cancer.

70 Years of Korean Education, A Review of Achievements and Challenges: Focusing on Papers Presented at the Annual Conference of the Korean Educational Research Association in Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary

70 Years of Korean Education, A Review of Achievements and Challenges: Focusing on Papers Presented at the Annual Conference of the Korean Educational Research Association in Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary

More Knowledgeable Other(s)

Vygotsky’s (1934; 1980) sociocultural theories of learning posit that learning is a socially negotiated activity. Learners can sustain this activity, and specifically how they engage in literacy practices, through participatory experiences with experts, known in sociocultural theory as a more knowledgeable other (MKO). However, hierarchies in academia can make these possibilities for collaboration scarce or difficult to break through for doctoral students, sustaining traditional hierarchies and bureaucracies of education. Digital platforms, though, can afford the possibility of subverting these divisions of social order in the academy and make room for different interlocutors to not only better access these MKOs but to also become an analogous MKO. In socially-mediated spaces such as Twitter, otherwise known as X, an acceptance of ontological and epistemological plurality can occur in virtual communities of practice. Through three examples with the American Educational Research Association’s (AERA) Writing and Literacies monthly Twitter chats, the authors showcase how Vygotsky’s concept of the MKO can appear in digital spaces, demonstrate the participatory nature of online writing communities, present the possibilities in providing opportunities for online collaborative experiences, and highlight the importance of a plurality of knowledge in public scholarship.