English Research Articles Research Articles

An intervention study on the influence of altruistic teaching on L2 learners’ English research article abstract writing

Abstract A large mass of research has reported the significance and power of positive psychology (PP) constructs in second/foreign language (L2) education. As an offshoot of PP, altruistic teaching, which highlights teaching without self-focus, has recently initiated its way into L2 research territory. However, the way altruistic teaching influences L2 students’ academic literacy skills, such as abstract writing, has been left uncharted to date. To bridge this gap, the present study used an experimental design to investigate the contribution of altruistic teaching to 163 university students’ English abstract writing required in research article (RA)s. The results of t-test and ANOVA indicated a statistically significant difference between the learners’ RA abstract writing in the control and experimental groups in both the short and long run in light of altruistic teaching. The study discusses the results and presents the implications of altruistic teaching for L2 research and practice.

Hypotension and Adverse Outcomes in Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Hypotension in patients with TBI is associated with poorer outcomes. A comprehensive review examining adverse outcomes of hypotension in patients with TBI is needed. To investigate the mortality and incidence of hypotension in patients with TBI. A search of studies published before April 2024 was conducted using MEDLINE, MEDLINE In Process, ePubs, Embase, Classic+Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for primary research articles in English, including randomized control trials, quasirandomized studies, prospective cohorts, retrospective studies, longitudinal studies, and cross-sectional surveys. Inclusion criteria were patients aged at least 10 years with moderate to severe TBI with hypotension. The exclusion criteria were mild TBI (due to the differences in management principles from moderate to severe TBI). Data were screened using Covidence software with multiple reviewers. This meta-analysis conforms to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines for assessing data quality and validity. Primary outcomes (unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios [ORs]) were calculated using a random-effect model with 95% CIs. Incidence of hypotension was derived using logit transformation. Main outcomes were association of hypotension with death and/or vegetative state within 6 months and incidence of hypotension. Vegetative state was not reported due to lack of data from included studies. Hypothesis testing occurred before data collection. The search strategy identified 17 676 unique articles. The final review included 51 studies (384 329 patients). Pooled analysis of found a significant increase in mortality in patients with hypotension and moderate to severe TBI (crude OR, 3.82; 95% CI, 3.04-4.81; P < .001; I2 = 96.98%; adjusted OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.96-2.51; P < .001; I2 = 92.21%). The overall hypotension incidence was 18% (95% CI, 12%-26%) (P < .001; I2 = 99.84%). This meta-analysis of nearly 400 000 patients with TBI found a significant association of greater than 2-fold odds of mortality in patients with hypotension and TBI. This comprehensive analysis can guide future management recommendations, specifically with respect to blood pressure threshold management to reduce deaths when treating patients with TBI.

“Contrary to findings from previous studies...”: Paradigmatic and ethnolinguistic influences on disagreement negotiation in research article discussions

Academic disagreement is integral to knowledge construction in academic writing. The present study reports on a two-level analysis of academic disagreement in discussion sections from an integration of cross-linguistic and cross-paradigmatic perspectives. Based on a corpus of 80 applied linguistic research articles (RAs), this study examined whether functional components and engagement realizations of academic disagreement differed between Chinese and English RAs and between quantitative and qualitative RAs. Results demonstrated that English RAs negotiated with alternative views more often than Chinese RAs. Quantitative RAs more frequently settled academic disagreement with detailed explanations or supportive evidence than qualitative RAs. Chinese qualitative RAs differed markedly from other RA groups. These differences were attributable to culturally preferred discursive strategies, paradigmatically valued epistemological norms, and socially oriented views of the scientific approach. This study sheds light on how to implement interpersonal strategies to manage scholarly disagreement in different varieties of academic writing.

A comprehensive meta-analysis of in vitro studies on polycystic ovary syndrome cell lines

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. In vitro studies using PCOS cell lines have been instrumental in understanding the pathophysiology and identifying potential therapeutic targets. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize and evaluate the existing literature on PCOS cell line research. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to January 2024, using relevant keywords and medical subject headings. Inclusion criteria were original research articles in English, focusing on PCOS cell lines and reporting quantitative data. Data extraction included study design, cell line model, outcomes, and main findings. Results: A total of 48 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving human granulosa-derived (KGN, COV434), theca-derived (HsTE-1, HsTE-10), and ovarian surface epithelial (IOSE-80) cell lines. These studies focused on the evaluation of hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The meta-analysis revealed that PCOS cell lines exhibited increased androgen production, elevated insulin resistance markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression compared to control cell lines. Conclusion: In vitro studies using PCOS cell lines have provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS pathogenesis. These cell lines serve as valuable tools for understanding the complex interplay between hormonal dysregulation, insulin resistance, and inflammation.

Cryptosporidium spp. Infection in Adult Kidney Transplant Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Diarrhea frequently occurs after vascular organ transplantation, including kidney transplants. This may result from non-infectious factors, adverse effects of immunosuppressive medications, or infections caused by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites, for example, intestinal protozoan parasites such as Cryptosporidium spp., which are particularly dangerous for immunocompromised patients. Methods: This review is based on scientific articles sourced from validated databases such as PubMed, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The primary search was conducted on 12-13 July 2024, using the keywords 'Cryptosporidium' AND 'cryptosporidiosis' AND 'kidney' AND 'transplant' AND 'adult'. Inclusion criteria encompassed human studies, case reports, peer-reviewed journal publications, review articles, and research articles in English. Exclusion criteria included studies not in English, gray literature (e.g., conference proceedings and abstracts), and data related to pediatric patients (under 18 years old) and HIV patients. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis have highlighted an often-overlooked connection between Cryptosporidium spp. infections in adult kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Furthermore, it includes an analysis of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in these patients, based on available case reports. Our study demonstrates that adult kidney transplant patients are at a significantly higher risk of acquiring Cryptosporidium spp. compared to healthy participants. Conclusions:Cryptosporidium spp. infections can be asymptomatic, making it essential to screen both symptomatic and asymptomatic kidney transplant recipients. The clinical presentation of cryptosporidiosis typically involves digestive symptoms and can be complicated by biliary tract involvement. In KTR patients presenting with diarrhea, it is crucial to not only test for Cryptosporidium spp. but also to rule out bacterial and viral etiologies, including infections such as C. difficile, C. colitis, Clostridium spp., and rotavirus. The diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. infections primarily relies on microscopic methods, which are known for their low sensitivity. Therefore, diagnostic approaches should include both direct methods and, where possible, molecular techniques. Based on the analyzed cases, the most effective treatment results were achieved with reduction in immunosuppression if possible (strong, very low) and nitazoxanide at a dose of 500 mg twice daily for 14 days. Considering the public health implications of our findings, the current epidemiological data underscore the need for further research to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies against cryptosporidiosis. Preventive measures, regular screening programs, and the treatment of Cryptosporidium spp. infections should be integrated into the clinical care of transplant patients. It is also important that patients are informed about environmental risk factors.

Перспективы комплексной переработки ягод черной смородины

Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) is one of the most popular berries in Russia. Its biochemical properties make it part of a healthy diet. This review describes the role of black currant and its by-products in the food industry and defines its nutritional value, i.e., vitamin C, anthocyanins, and dietary fiber. It covered original Russian and English research articles and reviews published in 2015-2023 and indexed in the Russian Research Citation Index or Pubmed databases. The keywords were black currant in Russian and English. Black currant berries are rich in dietary fiber, polyphenolic compounds, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and potassium. They cover human needs for these nutrients. Added to fermented dairy and grain foods at 5-20%, fresh or processed berries fortify them with dietary fiber, vitamin C, and anthocyanins while reducing energy value. As ingredients with color, taste, and aromatic compounds, black currant berries and their secondary products can be introduced into the formulations of various alcoholic beverages. Berry pomace is a technologically functional ingredient with a moisture-retaining ability that increases the antioxidant capacity of the final product. Juice and aqueous extracts of black currant pomace are used as picklers for fish and meat products to increase their microbiological safety and shelf-life. Complex processing of black currant berries is feasible as they are a valuable source of dietary fiber, vitamin C, and anthocyanins. Products of their processing provide a concentrate of dietary fiber with natural antioxidants. However, functional foods as sources of biologically active substances need to follow special criteria for fortified products. Black currant and its by-products are a potential source of valuable biologically active substances. In small quantities, they can expand the range of food products but fail to satisfy human diet with biologically active substances or reduce the overall energy value.

Online active learning in undergraduate dental education: A scoping review.

Research on online active learning (OAL) in dental education has increased in recent years; however, this literature has yet to be comprehensively summarized to document the available evidence and identify research gaps. This scoping review aimed to comprehensively map the extent and depth of the research activity on OAL in undergraduate dental education. The review adhered to Arksey & O'Malley's multi-step framework and followed the PRISMA Extension Scoping Reviews guidelines. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and ERIC databases for peer-reviewed primary research articles in English published between December 2013 and 2023. Four trained researchers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles for eligibility and extracted relevant data. All activities and information were cross-checked by the same researchers. A tested, methodologically-informed form was used for data extraction. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to summarize the extracted data. Thirty-five articles were included in the review. Most studies focused on dental students exclusively, with only two studies involving students and faculty. All studies performed outcome evaluations at reaction and/or learning levels. Problem-based learning, case-based learning, small group discussion, flipped learning, and blended learning were the most common active learning strategies employed. Dental students were satisfied with OAL and perceived it as beneficial for knowledge acquisition and skill development. Test results confirmed the improvement of knowledge through OAL. OAL has shown to improve learning outcomes in dental education; however, robust research designs are needed to further demonstrate its effectiveness in this educational context.

Assessing signs of central sensitization: A critical review of physiological measures in experimentally induced secondary hyperalgesia.

Central sensitization (CS) is believed to play a role in many chronic pain conditions. Direct non-invasive recording from single nociceptive neurons is not feasible in humans, complicating CS establishment. This review discusses how secondary hyperalgesia (SHA), considered a manifestation of CS, affects physiological measures in healthy individuals and if these measures could indicate CS. It addresses controversies about heat sensitivity changes, the role of tactile afferents in mechanical hypersensitivity and detecting SHA through electrical stimuli. Additionally, it reviews the potential of neurophysiological measures to indicate CS presence. Four databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Cochrane Library, were searched using terms linked to 'hyperalgesia'. The search was limited to research articles in English conducted in humans until 2023. Evidence for heat hyperalgesia in the SHA area is sparse and seems to depend on the experimental method used. Minimal or no involvement of tactile afferents in SHA was found. At the spinal level, the threshold of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (RIII) is consistently reduced during experimentally induced SHA. The RIII area and the spinal somatosensory potential (N13-SEP) amplitude are modulated only with long-lasting nociceptive input. At the brain level, pinprick-evoked potentials within the SHA area are increased. Mechanical pinprick hyperalgesia is the most reliable behavioural readout for SHA, while the RIII threshold is the most sensitive neurophysiological readout. Due to scarce data on reliability, sensitivity and specificity, none of the revised neurophysiological methods is currently suitable for CS identification at the individual level. Gathering evidence for CS in humans is a crucial research focus, especially with the increasing interest in concepts such as 'central sensitization-like pain' or 'nociplastic pain'. This review clarifies which readouts, among the different behavioural and neurophysiological proxies tested in experimental settings, can be used to infer the presence of CS in humans.

‘These results are inconsistent’

Abstract Shell nouns (SNs; e.g., fact and problem) are an open group of abstract nouns defined functionally through use as emergent ‘shells’ referencing and labeling ideas in surrounding discourse. This paper analyzes the ‘this/these + [SN]’ pattern in second language (L2) English Master’s theses and published English research articles (RAs) across three Engineering disciplines (Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical), with a secondary focus on unattended ‘this/these’ use and disciplinary variation. The corpus includes 60 RAs per discipline (840,683 words) and 25 Master’s theses per discipline (899,182 words). Corpus methods were used to support manual identification of ‘this/these + [SN]’. Results show that L2 English Master’s thesis writers used this pattern significantly less than writers of RAs. Normalized frequencies, frequent SNs, and functional patterns are also presented across genres and disciplines. L2 writers and experts use a similar range of SN types, and expert writers adopt a more rhetorically sophisticated means of organizing information.

Detection of Sleep Apnea Using Wearable AI: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Early detection of sleep apnea, the health condition where airflow either ceases or decreases episodically during sleep, is crucial to initiate timely interventions and avoid complications. Wearable artificial intelligence (AI), the integration of AI algorithms into wearable devices to collect and analyze data to offer various functionalities and insights, can efficiently detect sleep apnea due to its convenience, accessibility, affordability, objectivity, and real-time monitoring capabilities, thereby addressing the limitations of traditional approaches such as polysomnography. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of wearable AI in detecting sleep apnea, its type, and its severity. Our search was conducted in 6 electronic databases. This review included English research articles evaluating wearable AI's performance in identifying sleep apnea, distinguishing its type, and gauging its severity. Two researchers independently conducted study selection, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using an adapted Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy-Revised tool. We used both narrative and statistical techniques for evidence synthesis. Among 615 studies, 38 (6.2%) met the eligibility criteria for this review. The pooled mean accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of wearable AI in detecting apnea events in respiration (apnea and nonapnea events) were 0.893, 0.793, and 0.947, respectively. The pooled mean accuracy of wearable AI in differentiating types of apnea events in respiration (normal, obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, mixed apnea, and hypopnea) was 0.815. The pooled mean accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of wearable AI in detecting sleep apnea were 0.869, 0.938, and 0.752, respectively. The pooled mean accuracy of wearable AI in identifying the severity level of sleep apnea (normal, mild, moderate, and severe) and estimating the severity score (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) was 0.651 and 0.877, respectively. Subgroup analyses found different moderators of wearable AI performance for different outcomes, such as the type of algorithm, type of data, type of sleep apnea, and placement of wearable devices. Wearable AI shows potential in identifying and classifying sleep apnea, but its current performance is suboptimal for routine clinical use. We recommend concurrent use with traditional assessments until improved evidence supports its reliability. Certified commercial wearables are needed for effectively detecting sleep apnea, predicting its occurrence, and delivering proactive interventions. Researchers should conduct further studies on detecting central sleep apnea, prioritize deep learning algorithms, incorporate self-reported and nonwearable data, evaluate performance across different device placements, and provide detailed findings for effective meta-analyses.

The beliefs and practices used to promote physical and mental health in youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer plus (LGBTIQ+) experiencing housing insecurity: An integrative review.

The purpose of this integrative review was to explore the beliefs and practices used to promote physical and mental health among youth ages 18-25 years, identifying as LGBTIQ+ experiencing housing insecurity. The approach used strategies described by Whittemore and Knafl. Peer-reviewed, published research articles in English were identified using eight electronic databases. Eighteen research reports using qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods were identified. Articles were evaluated for quality using the American Association of Critical Care Nurses Evidenced-Level Hierarchy evaluation tool. Data were analyzed and synthesized using Braun and Clarke's method. Four themes related to the purpose were extracted: pervasive experiences of stigma and discrimination, constantly attuned to navigating risks, inconsistent engagement in health information and care, and inner strength developed through personal and community experiences. There are strong implications for future research, public health nursing practice, and health policy. Public health nurses should incorporate social determinants of health (addressing harmful social processes such as homophobia and racism) as well as a strength-based upstream approach in research, education, and health care practices. More research must also be done to assess engagement in physical and mental health information and care.

Analyzing Linguistic Variations In The Discussion Sections Of Pakistani English Research Articles: A Multidimensional Study

This study investigated linguistic variations to establish the legitimacy of Pakistani English as a distinct variety. The corpus comprised 70 discussion sections from Pakistani English research articles distributed across three academic disciplines (engineering, information technology, and literature). The analysis was conducted using Multidimensional Analysis Tagger v.1.1, which scrutinized 67 grammatical features across five dimensions. The results revealed significant differences in dimensions 1, 3, and 5 which indicated variations in Pakistani English. The results also showed the discussion sections: being highly informative, formal, abstract, and explicit in engineering; informative, and abstract in information technology; and less informative, explicit, and abstract in literature research articles. However, the results displayed fewer variations in dimensions 2, and 4 which suggested them being interesting for further research. Overall, this research contributed to our understanding of the linguistic variations in Pakistani English and its distinct characteristics across academic disciplines.

A Bibliometric Analysis on Taenia Saginata

Taenia saginata (T. saginata), is a zoonotic helminth with a global distribution that causes taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in cattle. Currently, Taenia saginata poses health risks to humans and causes economic losses in the livestock sector. The aim of this study is to explore the definition of T. saginata in the scientific community and the evolution of studies in this field through bibliometric analysis. The Web of Science database was used to search the literature on Taenia saginata. All English research articles published in the Web of Science database between 1980 and 2024 were identified. The data were analyzed using the “Bibliometrix” package of R programming language and VOSviewer. In the research conducted with 491 studies published in 168 journals, the most influential authors, countries and institutes as well as the most frequently used keywords for T. saginata were identified. Veterinary Parasitology was identified as the most influential journal in the field with 32 articles and 1017 citations. The most productive country was England, while Japan had the highest Multiple Country Publication rate. The most influential authors were Leslie Jayne Stevenson Harrison, Akira Ito, and Pierre Dorny. The most frequently used author keywords were “Taenia saginata”, “Taenia solium”, and “Cysticercosis”. This bibliometric study presents an overview of Taenia saginata research, including advancements and research collaborations in the field. Taeniasis remains a major problem in underdeveloped countries, particularly on the African continent. Control and eradication of taeniasis outbreaks in these regions should be prioritised, and given the potential for other countries to be affected by migration, research institutions in developed countries should initiate and fund joint projects with less developed countries.

Coherence features of published research articles by Japanese authors: Culture-specific features and their acceptability

Previous studies have demonstrated that research articles by non-native English-speaking researchers often contain features discordant with rhetorical conventions of English academic writing. It has also been revealed that creation of such non-standard elements may be related to the influence of the writers’ first language writing culture. Some have argued that these cultural rhetorical features ought to be viewed as acceptable because they are part of published content that passed the rigorous examinations. Others have reported findings suggesting that these cultural yet non-standard features constitute potential writing problems. To further explore this topic, the present study examines coherence features of the discussion section of research articles (RAs) produced in English and Japanese by Japanese-speaking authors. Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) is used for the analysis of the selected texts in terms of coherence conventions of English expository or argumentative prose. The results are then compared with previous findings of coherence breaks created by student writers. The analysis shows that both English and Japanese RAs contain features discordant with coherence conventions described by RST. Close examinations show that the most prominent non-standard features in these RAs are closely comparable to those of coherence breaks in students’ writings reported by previous studies.

Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting-Anemia and Wasting-Anemia Comorbidities and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Children Under 5 in the Least-Developed Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Despite shifting from addressing isolated forms of malnutrition to recognizing its multifaceted nature, evidence on the prevalence and determinants of micronutrient deficiencies, and their coexistence with undernutrition in children under 5, remains insufficient, unsystematic, and incohesive. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence and determinants of stunting-anemia and wasting-anemia comorbidities and micronutrient deficiencies in children under 5 in the least-developed countries (LDCs). Electronic searches took place from January 15, 2023, to February 14, 2024, across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, African Index Medicus (AIM), World Health Organization's Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS), and African Journals Online. The search spanned the years 2000 to 2024, yet it yielded eligible full-text English research articles from only 2005 to 2021 conducted in LDCs. Studies lacking quantitative data on malnutrition types and their determinants were excluded. Two independent authors assessed articles for bias and quality using Hoy et al's 10-item scale and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria. Prevalence and other details were extracted using a Joanna Briggs Institute Excel template. Authors extracted adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for determinant factors such as sex and vitamin A and iron supplementation. The search yielded 6248 articles from 46 LDCs. Sixty-nine articles, with a total sample size of 181 605, met inclusion criteria for the final meta-analysis. Vitamin A deficiency affected 16.32% of children, and iodine deficiency affected 43.41% of children. The pooled prevalence of wasting-anemia and stunting-anemia comorbidity was 5.44% and 19.47%, respectively. Stunting was associated with vitamin A deficiency (aOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.01-2.37), and not taking vitamin A supplementation was associated with iron-deficiency anemia (aOR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.21-1.55). A significant proportion of children under 5 in LDCs experienced stunting-anemia and wasting-anemia comorbidities and micronutrient deficiencies. This study underscores the urgent need to address factors driving these burdens. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023409483.

Making room for research promotion in RA discussion/closing sections: A Spanish-English comparative approach

Research articles in English have witnessed a growing emphasis on self-promotion, posing challenges for Spanish social scientists when writing for English-medium journals. One difficulty lies in effectively promoting their own research without compromising necessary content and exceeding word limits. To address this issue, this study explores strategies for making room for research promotion in the discussion/closing sections of social science research articles. A comparative analysis of these sections in English and Spanish was conducted, focusing on the communicative functions fulfilled by different segment types. The findings confirm that authors in English prioritise promoting the quality and applicability of their research over its contribution and relevance. They also reveal that these authors tend to include fewer non-promotional segments restating results, providing background information, and elaborating ideas compared to their Spanish counterparts. However, both groups of authors consistently include segments commenting on the results, as well as making recommendations for future research/practice. These segments are considered essential in this part-genre. This study provides insights for Spanish social scientists balancing self-promotion and other communicative goals in English research writing. The practical implications extend to English for research publication instruction, as well as the work of reviewers and editors of English-medium journals.

Updated research trend and clustering algorithm on virtual reality and pulmonary rehabilitation: Scopus-based bibliometric and visual analysis

Background: Virtual reality (VR) is a new innovative technology that can enhance intervention and should promote the effectiveness of rehabilitation, but there is a lack of scientific evidence on the clustering and topic research trend, especially on VR and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). More evidence about network clusters and trends will encourage the research in the future. Objective: This study aimed to explore, identify, cluster, and forecast analysis for the research trend of VR and PR from the research articles on the SCOPUS database. Materials and methods: In this study, the search terms “virtual reality” AND “pulmonary rehabilitation” were extracted from specific English research articles published on the SCOPUS database between 2013-2023. RStudio software was used to perform bibliometric and visual analysis. During the analysis in the bibliometric tool, the normalization process with Salton’s Cosine and network clustering via trend topic with the Walktrap algorithm was analyzed before specific visualization with the network clustering mapping, Treemap, and trend topic line by KamadaKawai layout algorithm. Results: From the 1,396 articles on “VR” published between 2010 and 2023, there were 13 research articles on “VR AND PR” published between 2013 and 2023. The bibliometric result from 13 articles showed total of 36 subdisciplines correlated networks among virtual reality (20, 7%), male (16, 6%), female (15, 5%), aged (12, 4%), chronic obstructive lung disease (12, 4%), exercise (11, 4%), human (10, 4%), humans (10, 4%), middle-aged (10, 4%), quality of life (10, 4%), article (9, 3%), pulmonary rehabilitation (9, 3%), controlled study (8, 3%), adult (6, 2%), chronic obstructive (6, 2%), clinical article (6, 2%), forced expiratory volume (6, 2%), pulmonary disease (6, 2%), randomized controlled trial (6, 2%), and forced vital capacity (5, 2%), etc., respectively. Three network clusters were reported after the normalization process and clustering evaluation by factorial analysis. The first cluster was composed of virtual reality, male, female, aged, chronic obstructive lung disease, exercise, human, humans, middle-aged, quality of life, article, pulmonary rehabilitation, controlled study, adult, chronic obstructive, clinical article, forced expiratory volume, randomized controlled trial, forced vital capacity, six-minute walk test, depression, technology, telerehabilitation, breathing exercise, Covid-19, dyspnea, functional status, hospital patient, and physical activity, respectively. The second cluster consisted of procedure and exercise therapy, and the last cluster consisted of exercise tolerance, lung, treatment outcome, health program, and convalescence. Finally, trend research topics were presented in virtual reality, male, female, aged, chronic obstructive lung disease, human, exercise, quality of life, and middle-aged, respectively, in 2023. Conclusion: Therefore, the contribution from data analysis in this article can identify the clustering and trend topics of VR, chronic obstructive lung disease, aging participants, exercise, and quality of life in future research.

Research hotspots and frontiers of Realgar based on CiteSpace knowledge graph analysis

This study employed knowledge graph technology to analyze the research status and hot spots of Realgar and provide guidance for clinical application and further research of this drug. The research articles both in English and Chinese involving Realgar were retrieved from five databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, and Web of Science. And NoteExpress, a literature management software was used to screen literature. CiteSpace was utilized for visualized analysis and presentations of the authors, institutions, and keywords. 2 879 articles in Chinese and 194 articles in English were included. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica and Journal of Ethnopharmacology were the top Chinese and English journals in terms of publication volume. Realgar is widely used in the treatment of skin diseases, blood diseases, and cancer. JIANG Hong was the author who have published more articles in Chinese and English working with teams. School of Public Health of China Medical University and China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences published the most articles in Chinese and English. The research on Realgar mainly focuses on clinical application, mechanism of action, reduction of toxicity, and enhancement of efficacy. The authors and institutions of Realgar research are mainly concentrated in China. The study on the mechanism of treating hematological diseases and cancer with Realgar, as well as the research on its effects of reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy, are the current research hotspots. The mechanism of &quot;same treatment for different diseases&quot; in Realgar needs to be further explored. It is urgent to carry out interdisciplinary research on Realgar. This study can provide a refe-rence for the clinical application of Realgar and provide ideas for further research on Realgar.

INTRODUCTION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ARTICLES BY INDONESIAN AUTHORS: A COMPARATIVE MOVE ANALYSIS

The introduction section of a research article (RA) is crucial, as it serves as the foundation for the entire research study. A well-crafted introduction can captivate readers, offering essential insights into the background and rationale for the study, while also conveying the research's quality and reliability. This study investigates how novice versus experienced social science researchers introduce their work in English research articles (RAs) published in internationally recognized Scopus-indexed journals compared to those published in Indonesian national journals. We analyze the rhetorical structure and linguistic features used in these introductions. Employing Swales' (2004) Create A Research Space (CARS) model as a theoretical framework, this descriptive comparative qualitative study delves into the analysis of commonalities and differences in the execution of rhetorical moves and steps, as well as linguistic features and metadiscourse. The results reveal that both sets of data exhibited all three rhetorical moves outlined in the CARS model, namely Move 1 (Establishing a Territory), Move 2 (Establishing a Niche), and Move 3 (Presenting the Current Work). However, the findings also underscore distinctions in how these steps and metadiscourse were realized, indicating that writers in both groups employed distinct approaches when introducing their research studies. Implications to English teaching at universities and publication workshops are discussed.

A comparative study of research questions written by L1 English authors and Chinese EFL scholars

Research questions (RQs) function as an important basis for entire research projects, but scant attention has been paid to their formulation. The current study compares the types and structures of RQs and inter-step shifts involving RQs in English research articles (RAs) written by L1 English authors and Chinese EFL scholars. Our data consisted of 300 English RAs from highly ranked journals in the field of applied linguistics, comprising 150 articles by L1 English authors and 150 articles by Chinese EFL scholars. The findings reveal that RQ types are used by both author groups in the following decreasing order: descriptive questions > contingent questions > comparative questions > explanatory questions > normative questions. Both Chinese and L1 English writers exhibit sophisticated competence in constructing RQs in appropriate hierarchical orders, characterized by patterns of parallel structure, progressive structure, and parallel-progressive structure. However, English L1 scholars outperform their Chinese counterparts in the use of inter-step shifts that integrate RQs into a broader text. Our findings can help writers understand the internal logic of RQs, guide them to formulate hierarchically appropriate RQs and integrate them into the entire research context.