Writing Research Articles Research Articles

Knowledge and practices of plagiarism among journal editors of Nepal

BackgroundThis study was conducted to assess the knowledge and ongoing practices of plagiarism among the journal editors of Nepal.MethodsThis web-based questionnaire analytical cross-sectional was conducted among journal editors working across various journals in Nepal. All journal editors from NepJOL-indexed journals in Nepal who provided e-consent were included in the study using a convenience sampling technique.A final set of questionnaires was prepared using Google Forms, including six knowledge questions, three practice questions (with subsets) for authors, and four (with subsets) for editors. These were distributed to journal editors in Nepal via email, Facebook Messenger, Viber, and WhatsApp. Reminders were sent weekly, up to three times.Data analysis was done in R software. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for the demographic variables, correct responses regarding knowledge, and practices related to plagiarism. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare mean knowledge with demographic variables. For all tests, statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 147 participants completed the survey.The mean age of the participants was found to be 43.61 ± 8.91 years. Nearly all participants were aware of plagiarism, and most had heard of both Turnitin and iThenticate. Slightly more than three-fourths correctly identified that citation and referencing can avoid plagiarism. The overall mean knowledge score was 5.32 ± 0.99, with no significant differences across demographic variables.As authors, 4% admitted to copying sections of others' work without acknowledgment and reusing their own published work without proper citations. Just over one-fifth did not use plagiarism detection software when writing research articles. Fewer than half reported that their journals used authentic plagiarism detection software.Four-fifths of them suspected plagiarism in the manuscripts assigned through their journal. Three out of every five participants reported the plagiarism used in the manuscript to the respective authors. Nearly all participants believe every journal must have plagiarism-detection software.ConclusionsAlthough journal editors' knowledge and practices regarding plagiarism appear to be high, they are still not satisfactory. It is strongly recommended to use authentic plagiarism detection software by the journals and editors should be adequately trained and update their knowledge about it.

Development and application of a comprehensive glossary for the identification of statistical and methodological concepts in peer review reports

The assessment of problems identified by peer researchers during peer review is difficult because the content of these reports is typically confidential. The current study sought to construct and apply a glossary for the identification of methodological and statistical concepts mentioned in peer review reports. Three assessors created a list of 1,036 different terms in 19 categories. The glossary was tested on the confidential PEERE database, a sample of 496,928 peer review reports from various scientific disciplines. The most frequently mentioned terms were related to data presentation (found in 40.3 % of the reports) and parametric descriptive statistics (33.3 %). Review reports suggesting a rejection were more likely to mention methodological issues, whereas statistical issues were raised more frequently in review reports recommending revisions. Across disciplines, methodological issues were more frequently mentioned in social sciences (64.1 %), while health and medical sciences were more predictive for the identification of statistical issues (40.1 %). Female reviewers identified more statistical issues compared to male reviewers. These results indicate that the glossary could be used as an additional tool for the assessment of the content of peer review reports and for understanding what help authors may need in writing research articles.

Digital literacy practices of novice English as a foreign language teacher in writing research articles for publication

Digital literacy is essential in writing research articles for publication in today's digital age, particularly for novice english as a foreign language (EFL) teacher trying to publish their research articles. This qualitative research explores the digital literacy practices of novice EFL teachers in writing research articles for publication, including the digital tools they use, their purposes for using these tools, and the challenges they face in using them. The data were collected using a questionnaire and interview. The study found that novice EFL teachers conceptualized digital literacy as the ability to search and evaluate credible online sources, using word processing and digital editing tools, collaborating online, and publishing their work digitally. Novice EFL teachers use various digital tools, such as word processing software, reference management software, and online academic databases, to improve their research and writing process. They use these tools for various purposes, such as collaborating with peers, improving their writing skills, and publishing their work online. However, novice EFL teachers face limited technical issues, limited access, inadequate technology infrastructure, and time management. It is recommended that academic institutions provide support to help novice EFL teachers develop their digital literacy skills, including technical support services, and training programs.

Audience Considerations: Ten Tips, Crafting a Hook, and the Writing Process

This editorial focuses on writing academic articles that appeal to researcher audiences. I offer 10 tips for audience considerations in writing research articles. One tip is to develop a hook. What is a hook and how does one craft it? I help to answer these questions by encouraging authors to move beyond the over-utilized claim that “very little research exists on this topic.” That is a challenging claim to substantiate after decades and centuries of existing studies on most topics, and it is unnecessary. More than likely in this contemporary year, there are many studies relevant to the topics of any article. Their lack is probably more a reflection of the author not thoroughly looking than whether they exist. But why make such a challenging claim? There are many other interesting reasons to pay attention to a topic than lack of attention. Be more creative than only “filling a gap.” The editorial concludes with attention to the writing process and an affirmation of the inverted triangle for organizing the structure of each section in an article.

Medicine and Pharmacy Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice regarding Artificial Intelligence Programs: Jordan and West Bank of Palestine.

Artificial intelligence (AI) programs generate responses to input text, showcasing their innovative capabilities in education and demonstrating various potential benefits, particularly in the field of medical education. The current knowledge of health profession students about AI programs has still not been assessed in Jordan and the West Bank of Palestine (WBP). This study aimed to assess students' awareness and practice of AI programs in medicine and pharmacy in Jordan and the WBP. This study was in the form of an observational, cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire was electronically distributed among students of medicine and pharmacy at An-Najah National University (WBP), Al-Isra University (Jordan), and Al-Balqa Applied University (Jordan). The questionnaire consisted of three main categories: sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, practice of AI programs, and perceptions of AI programs, including ChatGPT. A total of 321 students responded to the distributed questionnaire, and 261 participants (81.3%) stated that they had heard about AI programs. In addition, 135 participants had used AI programs before (42.1%), while less than half the participants used them in their university studies (44.2%): for drug information (44.5%), homework (38.9%), and writing research articles (39.3%). There was significantly (48.3%, P<0.005) more conviction in the use of AI programs for writing research articles among pharmacy students from Palestine compared to Jordan. Lastly, there was significantly more (53.8%, P<0.05) AI program use among medicine students than pharmacy students. While most medicine and pharmacy students had heard about AI programs, only a small proportion of the participants had used them in their medical study. In addition, attitudes and practice related to AI programs in their education differs between medicine and pharmacy students and between WBP and Jordan.

Investigating Proficiency of Academic English in Student Writing: A Comparative Case Study on Vocabulary Utilization in Student Research Article Writing vis-à-vis National and International Research

Investigating Proficiency of Academic English in Student Writing: A Comparative Case Study on Vocabulary Utilization in Student Research Article Writing vis-à-vis National and International Research

Utilizing Pho’s Move in Composing Scientific Paper within AIMRD

Objective: Composing and publishing a scientific article needs compound responsibilities, mainly when Indonesian students write it since English is their foreign language. Swales pioneered CARS with three moves, followed by Pho, who mentions moves and steps in a research article using AIMRD, which can be worthy of consideration in composing a scientific article. Method: The moves and steps of undergraduate students’ research articles were analyzed qualitatively, using Pho’s moves and steps as parameters. The data analyzed consists of nine articles on English Education, seven on Applied Linguistics, and six on Applied Literature. Tables of move-analysis were prepared as the research instrument with different codes for classifying and analyzing the articles. Results: Undergraduate students place and develop moves along with steps effectively, which was inflicted by the thought patterns and the tendency of undergraduate students. Thus, writing research articles developed by undergraduate students could be considered in revising institution guides for composing research articles and reflection in composing research articles for other disciplines. Novelty: Most research on sections of research articles applying a move-based approach have worked with first language studies published in journals and focused on a particular section of the research article, while this study using Pho's moves and steps works with EFL learners, which compose an unpublished complete text of the scientific article. The findings of current research mediate both students' critical thinking and unfathomable argumentation skills by the availability manifestation of the rhetorical move. The main contribution of this research result is meant to alleviate writers, mainly undergraduate students, in generating research articles successfully.

A corpus-driven, diachronic analysis of recurrent word combinations across academic disciplines

Given the significance of lexical bundles as recurrent word combinations in academic research writing, diachronic analyses of these linguistic expressions in writing research articles (ras) may offer important insights into how they may have changed in frequency, structure and function across disciplines over time. To address possible diachronic and disciplinary variations in lexical bundles in academic writing over the past fifty years, we drew on a corpus of 4,363,206 words from highly ranked academic research journals in three disciplines. Frequency analyses revealed a relatively small decrease in the number of word combinations across the disciplines over time. Although very few shared lexical bundles recurred in the academic disciplines over time, they were used more frequently across the three time periods than in the disciplines. Structurally, lexical bundles were generally comprised of noun and prepositional phrases with of-phrase fragments. Functionally, text-orientated and participant-orientated bundles were the most and the least frequent expressions, respectively, across the disciplines over time. However, we observe a shift from research-orientated to text-orientated bundles in chemistry and psychology since 1985. The findings showed a strong relationship between structural types and discourse functions of lexical bundles. The findings suggest that lexical bundles are not only unstable but also susceptible to variation across disciplines.

A Guide to AI in epidemiology: ChatGPT and the STROBE checklist for observational studies

Abstract Background Chat-Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) is a recently developed Artificial Intelligence (AI) model capable of generating high-quality scientific text and answering complex tasks. This study aims at investigating how AI-based transformers can support public health researchers in designing and conducting epidemiological studies. To accomplish this, we used ChatGPT to reformulate the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations for observational studies into a list of questions to be answered by the transformer itself. We then qualitatively evaluated the coherence and relevance of the transformer's outputs. Methods We first chose a study to be used as a basis for the simulation. We then used ChatGPT to transform each STROBE checklist's item into specific prompts. Each answer was evaluated by independent researchers in terms of coherence and relevance. Results The mean scores assigned to each prompt were heterogeneous. On average, for the coherence domain, the overall mean score was 3.6 out of 5.0, and for relevance it was 3.3 out of 5.0. The lowest scores were assigned to items belonging to the Methods section of the checklist. Conclusions ChatGPT can be considered as a valuable support for researchers in conducting an epidemiological study, following internationally recognized guidelines. It is crucial for the users to have knowledge on the subject and a critical mindset when evaluating its outputs. The potential benefits of AI in scientific research are undeniable, but it is crucial to address the risks, and the ethical and legal consequences associated with its use. Key messages • Our analysis showed the ability of AI-based transformers to generate answers and human-like text, which could potentially be used to conduct epidemiological studies or write research articles. • We advocate the necessity for taking a proactive stance towards this evolving context, in order to ensure a careful governance of this inevitable process.

Challenges, Strategies, and Digital Media Use in Writing Research Articles: A Study of EFL Postgraduate Students

&lt;div class="WordSection1"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many universities in Indonesia require their students to conduct research article writing and publish it in reputable journal. Although, writing a research article in English is challenging, however, students must have an effective strategy to solve those challenges. In addition, the appearance of digital media might be very useful for students to conduct writing scientific research. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by four EFL postgraduate students while writing the research article and to explore the strategies and digital media used by them. An in-depth interview through narrative inquiry approach was employed to collect the data from the participants’ experiences. The findings of this study show that the participants find some challenges in writing a research article, there is the lack of language proficiency, the difficulty in finding the relevant respondents and references, and time management. However, it can be solved by strategies, such as, cognitive strategy, metacognitive strategy, social strategy, and affective strategy, and digital media used by them. This study might be used to provide additional information relating to the strategy and digital media to support research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Autonomous, bidding, credible, decentralized, ethical, and funded (ABCDEF) publishing.

Scientists write research articles, process ethics reviews, evaluate proposals and research, and seek funding. Several strategies have been proposed to optimize these operations and to decentralize access to research resources and opportunities. For instance, we previously proposed the trinity review method, combining registered reports with financing and research ethics assessments. However, previously proposed systems have a number of shortcomings, including how to implement them, e.g., who manages them, how incentives for reviewers are paid, etc. Various solutions have been proposed to address these issues, employing methods based on blockchain technologies, called "decentralized science (DeSci)". Decentralized approaches that exploit these developments offer potentially profound improvements to the troubled scientific ecosystem. Here, we propose a system that integrates ethics reviews, peer reviews, and funding in a decentralized manner, based on Web3 technology. This new method, named ABCDEF publishing, would enhance the speed, fairness, and transparency of scientific research and publishing.

The Meaningful Passive Verbal In International Research Articles’ Abstracts

Many authors often receive notifications while typing sentences on their computers and checking grammar using the review and spelling checking menu. These notifications usually appear when sentences are in the passive voice, prompting the authors to consider rewriting them in the active voice. In the abstract of research journal articles, some authors also question whether they should stick to using active sentences. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of passive verbal in abstract research articles (RAS) by the international journal authors, with the sample through purposive technique. It is assumed that all the articles, having been published, underwent blind review, ensuring the publishable scientifically in their status as research articles. The data for analysis were collected from 20 of research articles that met specific criteria, such as being published in international journals. The results indicate that the authors use passive verbal mostly in Move 3 (methodology) and Move 4 (results of the research). Another evidence, the more passive verbal used the more efficient the abstract is. It is advisable to use passive verbal for writing research article abstract for making it efficient

Autonomous, bidding, credible, decentralized, ethical, and funded (ABCDEF) publishing

Scientists write research articles, process ethics reviews, evaluate proposals and research, and seek funding. Several strategies have been proposed to optimize these operations and to decentralize access to research resources and opportunities. For instance, we previously proposed the trinity review method, combining registered reports with financing and research ethics assessments. However, previously proposed systems have a number of shortcomings, including how to implement them, e.g., who manages them, how incentives for reviewers are paid, etc. Various solutions have been proposed to address these issues, employing methods based on blockchain technologies, called “decentralized science (DeSci)”. Decentralized approaches that exploit these developments offer potentially profound improvements to the troubled scientific ecosystem. Here, we propose a system that integrates ethics reviews, peer reviews, and funding in a decentralized manner, based on Web3 technology. This new method, named ABCDEF publishing, would enhance the speed, fairness, and transparency of scientific research and publishing.

Research Article Introductions in Applied Linguistics: A Comparative Study on the Use of Appeals

Introduction: Although extensive studies have been carried out on the rhetorical structure of research article introduction (RAI), centrality as a promotional strategy has received very little attention.&#x0D; Purpose: To address this lacuna in research literature, this study investigates centrality claims and how the appeals are realized strategically and linguistically.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: 60 RAIs from three-corpora, i.e., 20 English L1 corpus (written by native authors in English), 20 English FL Corpus (written by Indonesian authors in English), and 20 Indonesian L1 corpus (written by Indonesian authors in Indonesian Language), in the field of applied linguistics (AL) were analyzed. The analysis started from the step of claiming centrality found in the authors’ RAIs using the Swales’ (1990) framework. Wang and Yang’s (2015) framework was used to identify the types of appeals in the claiming centrality.&#x0D; Results: This study indicates that the three groups of authors use four types of appeals, namely the appeal to salience, magnitude, topicality, and problematicity. The appeals appear in varied ways, i.e., referring to the research world and the real world. Although application of each appeal in the step of claiming centrality is relatively different in the three groups, some share similarities in using the appeals in terms of referring to the research world and the real world.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study provides pedagogical implications for teaching academic writing, particularly in writing research articles for publication.

Разработка курса «Письменная иноязычная коммуникация в академической и профессиональной среде»

The article discusses the designing of an elective course for Master students of non-linguistic faculties “Written communication in a foreign language for academic and professional purposes”. The course is intended for second-year Masters both in humanities and sciences. The relevance of the topic is based on the fact that nowadays more and more Russian speaking researchers make attempts to publish their papers in international journals. To cope with this challenge, Russian universities should include a course of written communication in a foreign (English) language into their curricula. The author describes the structure of the course, gives links to the sources of materials used in the learning process, shares her own experience in conducting the elective. While preparing the publication, the following methods were used: 1) a survey of research teachers from all faculties of Perm State National Research University, which revealed the written genres they use in their academic and professional activities. 2) Analysis of the available literature on business correspondence and writing research articles in English. 3) Identification and systematization of recommendations for familiarization with the peculiarities of the English-speaking communicative culture. As a result of the work done, the genres of written communication most in demand for academic and professional activities were selected, which served as the basis for creating the structure of the described course.

Nigerian Students’ Information Needs and Behaviour when Seeking Information at NIMS University in Jaipur, India

The study’s goal was to figure out the Nigerian students at NIMS University, Jaipur information-seeking behaviour, and needs. In this study, a survey research approach was utilized. The sample population was chosen using a random sampling technique. To collect data, a structured, closed-ended questionnaire was distributed to 100 students from Nigeria who are enrolled in the School of Humanities, Social Science, and Commerce. 91 of the 100 questionnaires that were distributed to 25 female and 75 male Nigerian students were completed and returned successfully. The study looks at three distinct programmes: B.Sc., MSc/MLIsc., and Ph.D. According to the study’s findings, research scholars require information in order to write research articles about immigration and study programmes for Nigerian students. According to the study, the majority of Nigerian students and researchers to find information, use electronic resources like databases and electronic journals and books. Nigerian students, according to the findings, do not frequently use the library because of the language barrier.

Writing Better Research Articles for Publication

Background: Many research articles have been rejected by journals although authors provide the original subjects or ideas. Scholars and experts comment that the research papers are not well-written, but they do not provide the concrete guidelines for writing good research papers. Objective: This article aims to provide generic structure, practical guidelines and advice for writing each section of a research paper. Methods: The study used descriptive qualitative method and observation and notetaking tools to collect the data/information. Key terms/phrases like ‘how to write research articles’, ‘structuring research papers’ were used to collect the materials. The author observed the structure of research articles and synthesized some review articles about writing each section of a research paper; then the generic guidelines and practical advice were prepared for writing a research article. Findings: The IMRaD structure (introduction, methods, result and discussion) in a research paper has high impact. The introduction briefly informs what the research was done why and how. Method section explains in detail what method was utilized why and how. Results presents what the data found without explanation. Discussion section carries the meanings of the results concerning with present contexts and previous research. Conclusion and limitation sections are prepared with the supports of the results. For other sections of an article, the author guidelines should be followed. Conclusion: Author guidelines, generic structure of a research article, practical guidelines and advice prevent the most common errors and help the author produce a good research article for publishing. This article gives teachers, students, authors, editors, peer-reviewers and readers a helping hand in writing/reading a research paper.

Book review: Stance devices in Tourism-related research articles: A corpus-based study

Authored by Francisco J. Álvarez-Gil, Stance devices in tourism-related research articles: A corpus-based study (Peter Lang, 2022) is a recently published corpus-based work that sets out to assess the occurrence and purpose of stance markers in research articles focused on the field of tourism. In academic writing, the concept of 'stance' is typically concerned with the author's perspective or viewpoint on a particular topic. This includes the author's ideas, attitudes, and reasoning concerning the information given, as well as the supporting evidence and arguments put forth to back up any claims made. Establishing a clear and well-defined perspective is crucial when writing research articles, as it helps to establish the author's credibility, adopted stance, opposing viewpoints and arguments, and contributes to promoting further academic discussion and debate. The focus on stance is clearly grounded in the view of language as a functional system, emphasizing the purposes for which language is used.

Development of a Scientific Writing Book based on TPACK to Support the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka Program

This study aimed to develop a book for writing research articles based on TPACK that were valid, practical, and effective in supporting Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program. This book contains technology recommendations that can be used in writing scientific articles and tutorials on how to use them. This development research used the Plomp development model, which consists of three stages, namely the preliminary research phase (early research phase), the development or prototype development phase (development phase), and the assessment phase (assessment phase). The data of this study were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests of writing scientific articles for undergraduate students. Several documents used were questionnaires, observation sheets, and validation sheets. The data were analyzed by using Likert Scale. The result showed that Scientific Writing Book based on TPACK had met the validity, practicality, and effectiveness requirement to support Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program.

Hedges and Boosters in Research Article Abstracts of Turkish and Chinese Scholars

In the reviewed literature, many studies have compared the research articles written by L1 and L2 speakers of English. In this regard, comparing L2 speakers of English from two different linguistic backgrounds distinguishes this study from similar studies. While writing research article abstract, writers need to calculate what weight to give to their arguments while showing credibility and authority at the same time. Given these reasons, the use of hedges and boosters in RA abstract is a worthwhile topic to be searched. The goal of this study is to investigate the hedging and boosting strategies in research article abstracts of Turkish and Chinese scholars. They were identified and analyzed in accordance with Hyland’s (2000) hedging and boosting list. The results of this study showed that Turkish and Chinese academics didn’t show much statistical difference in their frequency of hedges, but they preferred to choose different hedging strategies in some instances.