Rescue Technology Research Articles

Nitric oxide in the treatment of critical conditions in newborns and premature infants

Acute and chronic neonatal pulmonary hypertension accompany all critical syndromes in newborns, both congenital and acquired. Use of all selective vasodilators for newborns and premature infants is off-label in the Russian Federation.The aim of the paper is to structure data on the pathogenesis of acute and chronic neonatal pulmonary hypertension in newborns and premature infants; to determine the pathogenetic and clinical aspects of the use of inhaled nitric oxide in neonatology; and to describe the experience of using a fundamentally new technology for generating nitrogen oxide from air with the Tianox apparatus.Conclusion. Inhaled nitric oxide is a proven, high-quality rescue technology for acute and chronic neonatal pulmonary hypertension in newborns and preterm infants. Inhalantion of nitric oxide with the use of a nitric oxide generator is an affordable and the most thoroughly developed technique in this population.

Widening Genetic Diversity Using Embryo Rescue in Cucurbit Crops: A Review.

Embryo rescue is a vital technique in cucurbit breeding and propagation, addressing challenges such as embryo abortion, poor seed viability, and incompatibility barriers. This method involves the excision of immature embryos from seeds followed by their in vitro culture on a nutrient medium, providing an environment conducive to their growth and development. In cucurbits, embryo rescue has been extensively utilized to overcome barriers to hybridization, enabling the production of interspecific and intergeneric hybrids with desired traits. Various factors, including genotype, developmental stage of embryos, and culture conditions, influence the success of embryo rescue in cucurbits. Optimal nutrient formulations, growth regulators, and culture techniques are critical for promoting embryo germination, shoot elongation, and subsequent plantlet establishment. Additionally, embryo rescue facilitates the recovery of valuable genetic material from wild and exotic cucurbit species, expanding genetic diversity and developing novel cultivars with improved traits such as disease resistance, yield, and quality. This review highlights the principles, applications, and advancements in embryo rescue technology in cucurbits, emphasizing its significance in cucurbit breeding programs and crop improvement efforts.

363 A CRISPR/dCas9 Epigenetic Therapuetic Approach for CASK-Related MICPCH

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: CASK-related microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH) is a rare X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK). We aim to rescue CASK expression via an CRISPR/dCas9 epigenetic therapeutic and create iPSC-based CASK relevant in vitro model systems. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: As females have two X-chromosomes, disease causing mutations present with a 50/50 expression of mutant and wildtype, due to the mosaicism caused by random X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). This project will adapt an established CRISPR/dCas9 epigenetic approach to rescue expression from the silenced, wild-type CASK allele. We aim to accomplish this through testing different dCas9 orthologues and a guide RNA screen targeting the CASK promoter. Constructs will be tested for optimal targeting efficacy in vitro and assessed via RT-qPCR. Additionally, epigenetic modifications from our approach will be analyzed through bisulfite sequencing. We also aim to apply this epigenetic rescue technology in disease relevant cell lines and eventually in engineered patient mutation iPSC-derived neurons. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Our results show the ability to target CASK and assess gene expression changes with CRISPR/dCas9 paired with an epigenetic modifier and transcriptional activator. Additionally, our fibroblast model with nonpathogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms within CASKallow for allele specific analysis of our targeted reactivation. We anticipate that following an increase of CASK expression, there would be a decrease in region specific promoter methylation. Further, with the identification of clinically described disease-causing point mutations that result in a loss of function of CASK protein, induction of the mutant sequence onto a healthy cell background will result in a similar reduction of CASK protein in our cell model. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This project will demonstrate the first therapeutic avenue for CASK-related MICPCH, and the potential to utilize targeted X-reactivation as a platform approach for X-linked disorders. Further, investigation of smaller dCas9 orthologues prepares our approach for future translational applications such as packaging into AAV for delivery.

Investigation and Research on Rural Emergency Rescue Technology Public Welfare Training—Taking the Public Village of Yetang Town, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, as an Example

Investigation and Research on Rural Emergency Rescue Technology Public Welfare Training—Taking the Public Village of Yetang Town, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, as an Example

Recent Advances in Natural Deastringency and Genetic Improvement of Chinese PCNA Persimmon (Diospyros kaki)

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is a worldwide fruit cultivated mainly in the East Asia, Mediterranean, Caucasus, Latin America, and Oceania regions. This fruit contains abundant proanthocyanidins (PAs, also called condensed tannins), whose biosynthesis is the main cause of fruit astringency. As the original centre and top producing country, China has discovered a unique type with desirable natural deastringency, the Chinese pollination-constant non-astringent (C-PCNA) persimmon. Studies have revealed that the C-PCNA trait is controlled by a single and dominant locus, which differs from that of another type, the Japanese PCNA type, with recessive loci. In the C-PCNA type, accumulating evidence has shown that the astringency removal process involves two pathways (“dilution effect” and “coagulation effect”). Moreover, molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the natural deastringency trait locus in C-PCNA has been used to test the non-astringency/astringency trait of hybrid offspring at the seedling stage. Importantly, persimmon can bear male flowers, female flowers, and perfect flowers, but sex-linked MAS has been developed for female-only persimmon. This sex-linked MAS, together with astringency-linked MAS and embryo rescue technology, may even shorten the conventional cross-breeding period of about 2–3 years. In addition, recently studies have established a stable genetic transformation system for persimmon transgenic improvement. Despite these efforts, how synthetic PAs and metabolism pathways lead to a deastringent trait remains unclear for persimmon. Thus, our review summarizes the latest research progress on the natural deastringency mechanism in C-PCNA, and we provide a new viewpoint for the genetic improvement of persimmon breeding in China.

The Role of Architects in Search and Rescue Technologies: A Comparative Analysis of Global Examples and Türkiye

Search and rescue (SAR) operations require the integration of various technologies and expertise, to effectively respond to emergencies. In this study it was investigated how architects play an essential part in SAR technologies both globally and in Türkiye contexts. Architects play an invaluable role in designing SAR facilities, by optimizing spatial layouts, assuring structural integrity, integrating advanced technologies and encouraging sustainability. By conducting an in-depth comparison between international and Turkish SAR examples, this study highlights key similarities, distinctions and potential areas for improvement. These results emphasize the value of architectural expertise when conducting SAR operations; further providing insight into how Türkiye could enhance its approach to increase SAR capabilities.

Rescue technology of the jamming accident for the double-shield TBM in complex geological conditions: A case study

More than 80 TBM jamming accidents had been recorded in the Water Diversion Project from the Hongyan River to the Shitou River in Shan’xi Province, China, resulting in substantial losses. This paper aims to investigate the rescue technology for the jamming accidents of the double-shield TBM in the project through a five-year geotechnical in-situ investigation. Firstly, the engineering background, the geological and hydrological conditions, the construction method, the possible jamming hazards, and the support system is introduced in detail. Then, the jamming accidents of the double-shield TBM are classified into the five kinds in total, namely, the shield jamming accident, the cutter head jamming accident, the jamming accident in the fault fracture zone, the jamming accident in the large-deformation section, and the jamming accident at water-rich and severely weathered broken rock section. And corresponding causes of accidents is analyzed at the same time. Afterward, the rescue technology adopted for the typical jamming accidents is explored, including the small pilot tunnel scheme, the advanced grouting scheme, the advanced large pipe shed scheme, the circular excavation scheme, and the auxiliary tunnel scheme. Finally, the prevent approaches for the jamming accident of the TBM are proposed, hoping to guide the same projects.

A few thoughts on the integrated space-air-ground emergency rescue communication command in China

Abstract. With the rapid development of remote sensing, geographic information (GI), artificial intelligence (AI) and other technologies, China is continuously strengthening emergency rescue innovation and numerous breakthroughs related to emergency rescue technologies and equipment which have been made through the National Key Research and Development Program. This paper first proposed and illustrated the concept, connotation and characteristics of integrated space-air-ground emergency rescue communication command from the perspective of mapping and geographic information, and then analysed the challenges faced by the integrated space-air-ground emergency rescue communication command in China. Subsequently, a space-air-ground emergency rescue command theoretical system is introduced by combining broadband emergency communication, accurate acquisition of real-time disaster information, disaster situation and scenario projection, emergency communication command services, and resilient emergency rescue command. The proposed integrated space-air-ground emergency communication and command design concept will be applied for China's disaster emergency rescue and command in the future to comprehensively improve the emergency rescue communication and command capability in China.

Saint-Venant and Karman equations for orthotropic prestretched plate when exposed to temperature

In space technology, thin plates are used, which are preliminarily stretched with the help of forces in its plane and attached to rigid ribs. In fire rescue technology, plate designs are being developed that represent a tension fabric supported by drones to extinguish the energy of a person falling from a height, during his evacuation both from a high-rise object and in other exceptional cases. The plates are thin and usually consist of a composite material. Shear forces predominate as loads; to reduce deflection, the fabric is prestretched onto a rigid contour. In this work, the equations of B. Saint-Venant and T. Karman for an orthotropic plate are obtained, taking into account the temperature increment. The former are the equations of equilibrium in displacements with initial forces, and the latter are a system of non-linear equations of the continuity of deformations and non-linear equations of equilibrium. The form of representation of models is differential. Examples of calculation of a plate for the action of a concentrated force and preliminary tension are considered. The plate continuum is replaced by a discrete region; differential relations are replaced by finite-difference analogs. Nonlinear equations were solved by iterations. The calculation of a thin plate for the action of a concentrated force showed that the resulting longitudinal forces are so large that the stresses are two to three orders of magnitude higher than the stresses allowed for the considered orthotropic material. To reduce this effect, the plate is pre-stretched. The bending surface becomes more monotonous, the deflection decreases, which leads to a decrease in the stress level. Comparison of calculations obtained from the action of a concentrated force and a change in temperature showed that in this flexible plate of small thickness, the effect of temperature exposure is insignificant. The apparatus of the Karman theory is relatively difficult to implement numerically. The mixed form of the model in stresses and displacements requires additional studies of the convergence of solutions. The Saint-Venant deformation model, as a model of a flexible plate with a small deflection, makes it possible to solve the problems of ensuring the rigidity and strength of a complex longitudinal-transverse bending of an orthotropic plate.

Study on Construction and Optimization of the Life-Saving Passage in Building Ruins Based on Numerical Simulation Method

It is a very important task to construct a life-saving passage in building ruins rapidly and scientifically in the process of earthquake rescue. Currently, the virtual scene is built to train rescuers to construct the life-saving passage quickly and scientifically. However, there are problems such as high cost, small quantity, and single form. A new method of constructing building ruins and life-saving passage was proposed based on the combined finite element (FE) and finite-discrete element (F-DE) method and restarted function of LS-DYNA program. First, taking the RC frame structure ruins as research objection, the different types of life-saving passages were constructed. What’s more, a simple and reasonable optimization method of life-saving passage is proposed based on the rescue technologies with the shortest time. Meanwhile, the timing test of four typical rescue technologies was performed considering the influence factors of various rescue situations. Finally, the practicability and validation of the optimization method was verified through comparing with actual earthquake rescue case. The results show that the restart function of ANSYS/LS-DYNA program can construct the life-saving passage rapidly and reasonably, and simultaneously, the optimal method of life-saving passage can give the optimal rescue route intuitively and accurately. The numerical simulation method of construction and optimization of life-saving passages is expected to provide theoretical guidance for rescue drills for on-site earthquake rescue.

Research Progress of Dike Leak Rescue Technology

Leaks refer to seepage holes running through a dike body or foundation, the formation of which may pose dire threats to dike safety and cause dike breaching due to a large flow rate and strong scouring force. Once the water inlet of a leak is detected, sealing and rescue measures should be taken in accordance with the principle of “inlet plugging and outlet anti-filtration”. The key is the quick filling and stability of the plugging materials. Herein, the rescue technology of dike leaks is systematically laid out; the formation causes and development mechanism of the leaks are analyzed; the dike leak detection, plugging, and sealing technology is summarized; and the future research direction is clarified. Existing plugging technology and equipment are complicated and time-consuming. Hence, plugging methods should be innovated and improved to effectively improve the efficiency and success rate of emergency rescues. A new concept of “grade-by-grade plugging and sealing” is correspondingly proposed for dike leaks, changing leak rescues from “single-level plugging and sealing at the leak inlet” to “grade-by-grade plugging and sealing at the portal and inside the leak”. A tandem closed space is formed in the leak. The hydrodynamic pressure is changed from the independent bearing of the portal to the gradual bearing of the plugging materials at the portal and inside the leak.

Rescue and Firefighting Operations During Incidents Involving Vehicles with Alternative Propulsion. Electric Vehicles

Cel: The aim of the article is to review information about motor vehicles that use alternative propulsion systems (in this case, electric propulsion) and the risks associated with their use. The discussion of these issues is crucial for undertaking rescue and firefighting operations during incidents (fires, local emergencies) involving alternatively powered vehicles and the effectiveness of these operations. Knowledge in the areas of: hazard identification, improvement of rescue technologies, necessary devices and equipment for effective rescue and firefighting operations during traffic incidents, including fires, with the involvement of vehicles with alternative propulsion systems can be gained from both theoretical and empirical studies. Wprowadzenie: Technical and technological advances in the area of drives used in vehicles and machinery pose new challenges for fire protection. They concern, among other things, the technology of rescue operations during fires and traffic accidents involving such vehicles, as well as ensuring fire safety when operating and storing them in buildings, garages and parking areas, and during charging. Metodologia: The article was prepared based on national and foreign sources, literature on the subject, research results and the authors’ diverse experiences. It describes the current state of knowledge in terms of hazards and how to deal with them during rescue and firefighting operations against incidents involving alternatively powered vehicles. Wnioski: The number of motor vehicles in Poland and other countries continues to grow, and together with it also the number of vehicles equipped with alternative drives to internal combustion engines (gasoline, diesel). An analysis of the literature on the subject, available research results, as well as individual incidents, lead to the reasonable conclusion that the risks during rescue and firefighting operations associated with the incidents involving electric and hybrid vehicles are no greater than for conventionally powered vehicles. They are different to some extent, which is due in particular to the used power system, which is based on energy storage devices – batteries. Słowa kluczowe: alternative propulsion, CNG, LNG, methane, LPG, ethane, propane, hybrid propulsion, electric vehicles, fuel cell, rescue, rescue and firefighting operations

Effects of pre-bloom spraying thidiazuron and different embryo development media on seedless grape embryo rescue

ABSTRACT Embryo rescue technology has been widely applied in seedless grape breeding, but its success depends on many factors. Here, two Vitis vinifera seedless varieties ‘Qinhong No.2’ and ‘Qinhong No.10’ were used as research objects, the inflorescences were sprayed with 0.5 mg·L−1 thidiazuron 10 days before flowering, and then the ovules from open- and self-pollination of them were cultured in solid–liquid biphase MM3 media to investigate the effect of thidiazuron on embryo rescue. Under natural condition, the ovules of open- and self-pollination were inoculated onto three solid–liquid biphase media NN, ER, and MM3 to compare the efficiency of embryo rescue. The results showed that pre-bloom spraying thidiazuron significantly promoted ovule development and further improved the effect of embryo rescue in vitro. After applying thidiazuron, the embryo development rate, germination rate, and seedling rate of the four combinations reached 30.77%–42.62%, 29.36%–41.64%, and 22.02%–40.33%, respectively. Open-pollination of the two varieties provided better effects for culturing than their self-pollination, and the MM3 medium was always more suitable for embryo development than either the ER or NN medium. Furthermore, the germination rate of bare embryos of ‘Qinhong No. 10’ open-pollination on solid WPM medium surpassed that of ovules (without embryo stripping) on solid NN medium. HIGHLIGHTS Pre-bloom spraying TDZ could improve the effect of embryo rescue of seedless grape. The embryo rescue effect was better in open- than self-pollinated seedless grapes. Solid–liquid biphase MM3 was more suitable for embryo rescue than an ER or NN medium. The seedling rate of bare embryos on WPM medium exceeded that of ovules on NN medium. Overall, 2312 hybrids from the four combinations were obtained via embryo rescue.

Heritage with cows. Conserving Nordic human and nonhuman animals

ABSTRACT This paper takes a critical heritage approach to understanding the ways that the conservation of Nordic Mountain cows gets animated as a form of Nordic heritage. Today, Nordic Mountain cows are found in the Northern regions of Norway, Finland, and Sweden. Based on an archive of mediated material (websites, YouTube videos, and social media activism), policy documents as well as interviews with Nordic farm animal genetic resources directors, the paper analyzes how conservation becomes imagined. Viewing the conservation of Nordic Mountain cows as entangled with imaginaries of traditional ways of life, a Northern Nordic (endangered) landscape, and the potential for high quality, ethically sound Nordic heritage products; conservation gets imagined as a rescue technology preserving ‘native’ and ‘endangered’ breeds in the making of sustainable consumer goods and Nordic cultural heritage. The conservation of Nordic Mountain cows goes beyond the potentially endangered species, however, to the reiteration of Nordic exceptionalism and the promise of a pure (and white) Nordic biocultural refuge of human-nonhuman animal relations.

EXPERIENCE OF USING ECMO IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE COVID-19 (DESCRIPTION OF CLINICAL CASES)

Summary: Among pediatric patients with COVID-19, about 0,8-1 % require admission to the intensive care unit. The main syndromes that determine the severe course and mortality in children are acute respiratory distress syndrome, multisystem inflammation syndrome and multiple organ failure. In our report, we present two clinical cases of successful use of ECMO in children with COVID-19 who have developed acute respiratory distress syndrome. Description of clinical cases. Children aged 3 years (case 1) and 17 years (case2) were admitted to the intensive care unit with signs of severe respiratory failure. Both patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Traditional methods of respiratory support in combination with prone position ventilation and myoplegia have not improved oxygenation. With PaO2 / FiO2 – 60 (case 1) and PaO2 / FiO2 – 75 (case 2), children were started V-V ECMO. The duration of ECMO in both patients was 7 days. As a result, improved oxygenation was achieved: PaO2 / FiO2 – 310 (case 1), PaO2 / FiO2 – 264 (case 2) after decannulation, as well as the condition of pulmonary mechanics (Cst increased from 8 to 22 ml / cmH2O in the first case and from 15 ml / cmH2O to 57 ml / cmH2O in the second case, both patients survived and were discharged with minimal cognitive impairment. Conclusion: In cases where critical hypoxemia caused by severe ARDS is not eliminated by traditional methods of respiratory support, ECMO can be an effective rescue technology.

Effects of exogenous paclobutrazol and sampling time on the efficiency of in vitro embryo rescue in the breeding of new seedless grape varieties

Embryo rescue technology plays an important role in seedless grape breeding. However, the efficiency of embryo rescue, including the embryo formation, germination, and seedling rates, is closely related to the parental genotypes, degree of abortion, growth medium, and plant growth regulators. In this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of paclobutrazol (PAC), a plant growth regulator, and embryo collection times on the embryo formation, germination, and seedling rates for different hybrid combinations of grape breeding varieties used for their aroma and cold-resistance traits. The results showed that the different PAC concentrations had varying impacts on the development of ovules and embryos from the different grape varieties. The embryo formation rates of the ‘Sultanina Rose’בBeibinghong’ and ‘Kunxiang Seedless’בTaishan-2’ crosses were the highest under the 5.1 μmol L−1 PAC treatment. The 1.0 μmol L−1 PAC treatment was optimal for the germination and seedling development of the ‘Sultanina Rose’בBeibinghong’ embryos, whereas the 0.2 μmol L−1 PAC treatment induced the highest germination rate for the ‘Sultanina Rose’בKunxiang Seedless’ cross. The optimal sampling times for each cross varied as 39 d after pollination (DAP) for the ‘Flame Seedless’בMuscat Hamburg’ cross, 46 DAP for the ‘Kunxiang Seedless’בBeibinghong’ cross, and 41 DAP for the ‘Ruby Seedless’בBeibinghong’ and ‘Fantasy Seedless’בShuangyou’ crosses. Moreover, the medium modified with 0.5 g L−1 of indole-3-butyric acid allowed the malformed seedlings to develop into plantlets and achieve larger progenies. This study provides a useful basis for further studies into grape embryo rescue and could improve breeding efforts for new seedless grape varieties.

Solid particle deposition of indoor material combustion products

Heavy smoke emission during fires hampers evacuation of people and movement of rescue teams to a fire source. It is often pyrolysis and combustion products that cause deaths from fires in closed spaces. Fire sprinkler system activation does not always lead to efficient smoke deposition. Sometimes, a fire suppression liquid supply, on the contrary, deteriorates fire evacuation conditions. The study of smoke generation and deposition characteristics is an essential prerequisite for improving rescue technologies during fires. The purpose of this research was to define the characteristics of deposition of solid combustion product particles of a group of typical construction and finishing materials in closed spaces: wood, linoleum, rubber, etc. Solid particles (pyrolysis products) have been distributed by size and concentration. The smoke generation and extinction coefficients, as well as deposition rates of smoke aerosol particles with and without using water aerosol have been determined. The ranges of optical properties of smoke aerosol have been specified. The time of dispersed water impact on smoke aerosol was varied to evaluate its effect on the mass rate of deposition of solid combustion product particles. The characteristics of absorption of laser radiation with different wavelengths in flue gases have been defined to identify the most advantageous colors of reflector materials used to manufacture direction signs for the evacuation of people from the combustion zone.

Research on the connotation and development trend of remote collaborative emergency technology in petroleum industry

Due to the particularity of raw materials and the complexity of processes, the petroleum and petrochemical industry involves a variety of disaster risks in production, transportation, storage and etc. However, there are three barriers in the emergency rescue of the petroleum and petrochemical industry, scene separation, data isolation and inefficient coordination. No matter the application of existing technology or the proposed method and concept, the situation cannot be broken quickly. By analyzing these problems existing in 5G communication technology, artificial intelligence and petroleum and petrochemical emergency rescue, this paper puts forward the concept of petroleum and petrochemical remote collaborative emergency technology, analyzes the development trend of remote collaborative emergency technology, and prospects the petroleum and petrochemical emergency rescue technology.

Experimental Research on Rapid Fire Zone Sealing and Explosion Venting Characteristics of an Explosion Venting Door Using a Large-Diameter Explosion Pipeline.

To study the law of influence of an explosion venting door on gas explosion characteristics and verify its venting effect and fast sealing performance, a large-sized explosion pipeline experimental system was used. The gas explosion tests were carried out under the conditions of 5.5, 7.5, 9.5, and 11.5% gas concentration. The gas explosion characteristic parameters were measured by a data acquisition system. The laws of change in characteristic parameters and the flame-proof effect were analyzed. The results showed that the pressure peak was attenuated by 42.25, 50.54, 53.27, and 52.88% under the aforementioned four working conditions. As the gas volume fraction increased, the peak explosion pressure decayed as a quadratic function, and the average closing time of the fire zone was 13 h. This showed that the explosion venting door had significant explosion venting characteristics and the function of quickly closing the fire zone. The law of temperature change was basically the same, no matter how the gas concentration changed, and the explosion venting door had no inhibitory effect on the gas explosion flame. Under the four operating conditions, the maximum average values of the flame propagation speed were 103.56, 105.73, 136.67, and 138.34 m/s. The results of the study provide theoretical support for explosion-proof technology and emergency rescue technology in coal mines.

Encephalopathy in Preterm Infants: Advances in Neuroprotection With Caffeine

With the improvement in neonatal rescue technology, the survival rate of critically ill preterm infants has substantially increased; however, the incidence of brain injury and sequelae in surviving preterm infants has concomitantly increased. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of preterm brain injury, and its prevention and treatment have been investigated in recent years, powerful and effective neuroprotective strategies are lacking. Caffeine is an emerging neuroprotective drug, and its benefits have been widely recognized; however, its effects depend on the dose of caffeine administered, the neurodevelopmental stage at the time of administration, and the duration of exposure. The main mechanisms of caffeine involve adenosine receptor antagonism, phosphodiesterase inhibition, calcium ion activation, and γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonism. Studies have shown that there are both direct and indirect beneficial effects of caffeine on the immature brain. Accordingly, this article briefly reviews the pharmacological characteristics of caffeine, its mechanism of action in the context of encephalopathy in premature infants, and its use in the neuroprotection of encephalopathy in this patient population.